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共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
参考答案
参考解析
解析：题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。
更多 “共用题干 Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Snake robots could move in only four directions.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned” 相关考题
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This is not the world we know. This world is controlled by computers. Men and women can be seen, but they are following the orders given to them by machines. The machines were designed by mad scientists, but at some point even the mad scientists were taken over by their super-inventions.Does this sound familiar? You have probably read something like it in magazines or books, or seen it in a film. Why is it so popular? One of the reasons is that it reflects the fears of many people; fear of the unknown fear of what is not understood or, at least, fear of something that is not completely understood.The fact is that every day it seems that computers take control of another area of our lives. Somefactory jobs are now done by robots and the robots are controlled by computers. Our bank accounts are managed by computers. At the airport, our tickets are sold by a computer. Certainly, many of these operations are made moreefficient by computers, but our admiration is sometimes mixed with unsafe feelings. And this lack of safety is caused by the fact that we do not know how computers do these things, and we really don't know what they might do next. But we can find out how computers work, and once we understand them, we can use computers instead of worrying about being used by them. Today, there is a new generation of computer wizards who know exactly how computers get things done. These young men and women, usually university students, are happy to sit for hours, sometimes for days, designing programs, not eating, not sleeping, but discovering what can be done by these wonderful slaves which they have learned to control. These computer wizards have learned to use the computer and search for new tasks for their machines.(1)、According to the passage, our present world is under the control of ______ .A：mad scientistsB：men and womenC：the unknown fearD：some super-inventions(2)、The reason why many people are afraid of computers is that ______ .A：they don't know anything about computersB：they haven't really understood computersC：there are so many computer gamesD：computers are often down(3)、The author mentions computer wizards in order to point out that ______ .A：computers can be controlled by manB：there should be more people devoted to computersC：only young people are interested in computersD：more time and energy is required to control computers(4)、This passage is probably written to suggest that ______ .A：some day computers can deal with all human problemsB：computers can be used in place of traveling to our jobsC：people should not fear computersD：computer technology will not meet people's needs in various situations(5)、The author's attitude towards widely used computers is __.A：positiveB：anxiousC：worriedD：serious
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共用题干
I'll Be BachComposer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music.It took Cope 30 years to develop the software.Now most people can't tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J.S.Bach(1685-1750)and the Bach-like compositions from Cope's computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States,when Cope was trying to write an opera.______(46)At first this music was not easy to listen to.What did Cope do?He began to rethink how human beings compose music.He realized that composers'brains work like big databases.First,they take in all the music that they have ever heard.______(47)Finally,they make new music from what is left.According to Cope,only the great composers are able to create the database accurately,remember it,and form new musical patterns from it.Cope built a huge database of existing music.He began with hundreds of works by Bach.The software analyzed the data:it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns.It then combined the pieces into new patterns._______(48)They weren't good,but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write.He continued to improve the software.Soon it could analyze more complex music.He also added many other composers,including his own work,to the database.A few years later,Cope's computer program,called"Emmy",was ready to help him with his opera.______(49)Cope listened to the computer's musical ideas and used the ones that he liked.With Emmy,the opera took only two weeks to finish.It was called Cradle Falling,and it was a great success! ______(50) Since that first opera,Emmy has written thousands of compositions,Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn't like of her music,but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!______(48)A:By developing a computer software,David Cope aimed to write an opera.B:Cope received some of the best reviews of his career,but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work.C:He was having trouble thinking of new melodies,so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies.D:The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy.E:Before long,the program could compose short Bach-like works.F:Then they take out the music that they dislike.
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The Robot ManAccording to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future. What does Moravec think of these future robots?A: They will look like previous biological children.B: They will be humans' mind-children.C: They will create a dangerous world.D: They will rule the world.
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共用题干
Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, backward , left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Choset says. Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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共用题干
Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, backward , left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Choset says. Snake robots could move in only four directions.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, backward , left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Choset says. Choset began to build robots in high school.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, backward , left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Choset says.Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Robots May Allow Surgery in SpaceSmall robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on Earth to help perlorm surgery on patients in space.The tiny,wheeled robots,_________(1)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions（切口）and computer-controlled by surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped_________(2)cameras and lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached thatcan be_________(3)remotely."We think this is going to_________(4)open surgery,"Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said at a news conference.Oleynikov is a_________(5)in computer-assisted surgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.Officials hope that NASA will teach_________(6)to use the robots soon enough so that surgeries could one day be performed in space.On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves_________(7)other locations.For example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to_________ (8)on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory_________(9)early next year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on humans in England will begin very soon.The camera-carrying robots can provide_________(10)of affected areas and the ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver（操控）inside the body in ways surgeons' hands can't.The views from the camera-carrying robots are_________(11)than the naked eye,because they_________(12)back color images that are magnified（放大）. Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount and_________(13)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time. This is particularly_________( 14) to those patients who have been debilitated（使虚弱） by long illness.Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever _________(15)their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices."_________(6)A:astronauts B:nurses C:teachers D:trainers
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegio Mellon.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Choset began to build robots in high school.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.A:RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome Medrobotics.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
What did the social robot do during the experiment?A.It followed the social robot.
B.It played with some toys.
C.It set the trapped rats free.
D.It moved around alone.
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Intelligent Machines1 Medical scientists are already putting computer chips（芯片）directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson's disease,but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us?Ray Kurzweil is the author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world's bestcomputer research scientists.He is researching the possibilities.2 Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices.An example of this is Ramona, the virtual（虚拟的） hostess of Kurzweil's homepage,who is programmed to understand what you say.Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her,and Ramona also dances and sings.3 Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities.One of his ideas is a"seeing machine".This will be"like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world,"he explains.Blind people will use a visual sensor（探测器）which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses.This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees.4 Another idea,which is likely to help deaf people,is the"listening machine".This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker.The listening machine will also be able to translate other languages,so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.5 But it is not just about helping people with disabilities.Looking further into the future,Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness into a computer.This technology probably won't be ready for at least 50 years,but when it arrives,it means our minds will be able to live forever.Blind people will be able to see the world with_________.A:what you sayB:a pair of sunglassesC:the listening machineD:a visual sensorE:who have disabilitiesF:living forever in a computer
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PlayPlay is the principal business of childhood,and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy,every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play,and the main tools of play are toys.Their main func- tion is to suggest,encourage and assist play.To succeed in this they must he good toys,which children will play with often,and will come back to again and again.Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development.In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach,within the range of his inherited abilities,is largely determined in the first three years of his life .So a baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated.A baby,who is encouraged and stimulated,talked to and shown things and played with,has the best chance of growing up successfully.In the next stage,from three to five years old,curiosity knows no bounds.Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child,for trying out,experimenting and learning,for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws（七巧板）and construction toys ; painting,scribbling（涂鸦）and making things;sand and water play;toys for imaginative and pretending play;the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.By the third stage of play development—from five to seven or eight years—the child is at school .But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning,at home or at school.It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys.Until the age of seven or eight,play and work mean much the same to a child.But once reading has been mastered,then books and schools become the main source of learning.Toys are still interesting and valuable,they lead on to new hobbies,but、their significance has changed—to a child of nine or ten years,toys and games mean,as to adults,relaxation and fun. Who have the best chance of growing up successfully?A: Those who tend to overeat.B:.Those who are given a lot of toys.C: Those who are given toys,talked to and played with.D: Those who can share their toys with their playmates.
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Robots may Allow Surgery in SpaceSmall robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may______(51)doctors on Earth to help perform surgery on patients in space.The______(52),wheeled robots,which are about 3 inches tall and as wide as lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions and computer-controlled by surgeons in different______(53). Some robots are equipped with______(54)and lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that can be controlled______(55)."We think this is going to replace open surgery," Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said at a news ______(56).Oleynikov is a specialist in computer-assisted surgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.Officials hope that NASA will teach______(57)to use the robots soon enough so that surgeries could one day be performed in space.On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves from other locations.For example, the robots could enable surgeons in other places to work on injured______(58)on the front line. Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory approval early next year. Tests on______(59)have been successful,and tests on humans in England will begin very soon.The camera-carrying robots can provide views of______(60)areas and the ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver inside the body in______(61)surgeons' hands can't. The views fromthe camera-carrying robots are better than the naked eye,because they send back color images that are______(62).Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount and______(63)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease______(64)time. This is particularly helpful to those patients who have been debilitated by long illness.______(65),Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without even placing their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's getting easier and easier. We can do even more with these devices._________(53)A:airports B:wardsC:spaceships D:locations
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate theidea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs. A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Clioset says.Snake robots could move in only four directions.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate theidea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs. A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Clioset says.Zenati tested the robot on people after usinlg it in pigs.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate theidea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs. A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Clioset says.Choset didn't begin developing hi、own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioiied
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第三篇Almost Human?Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the nameof an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored. Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old.The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids （机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by NASA,will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They wi}{also be doing more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）? Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love, and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?What is the writer's attitude to robots in the future?A:Critical. B:Hostile.C:Objective. D:Enthusiastic.
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate theidea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs. A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Clioset says.Choset began to build robots in high school.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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第三篇Almost Human?Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the nameof an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored. Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old.The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids （机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by NASA,will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They wi}{also be doing more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）? Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love, and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?Kismet is different from traditional robots becauseA:it thinks for itself. B:itis not like science fiction.C:it can look after two-year-olds. D:it seems to have human feelings.
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"SeasameStreet"has been called"the longest street in the world".
This is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts ofthe world.
The program,which went on the air in New York in 1969,uses songs,jokes,andpictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers,letters and humanrelationships.More than 6 million children in the United States watch itregularly.The viewers(观众)include more than half the nation′s children before school age.
Manyteacher consider the program a great help,though some teachers find that problems happen when the first-year pupils who have learned from"SeasameStreet"are in the same class with those who have not watched the program.Tests have shown that children who watch it five times a week learn more than those who seldom watch it.In the United States the program is shown at differenthours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watchit regularly.
Why has"Seasame Street"been so much more successful than other children′sshows?Many reasons have been suggested.Perhaps one reason is that motherswatch"Seasame Street"along with their children.But the best reasonfor the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching itfeel able to learn.The child finds himself learning,and he wants to learnmore.
"Seasame Street"is a TV program produced mainly forA.children
B.children of school age
C.primary school teachers and pupils
D.mothers and their children
考题
"SeasameStreet"has been called"the longest street in the world".
This is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts ofthe world.
The program,which went on the air in New York in 1969,uses songs,jokes,andpictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers,letters and humanrelationships.More than 6 million children in the United States watch itregularly.The viewers(观众)include more than half the nation′s children before school age.
Manyteacher consider the program a great help,though some teachers find that problems happen when the first-year pupils who have learned from"SeasameStreet"are in the same class with those who have not watched the program.Tests have shown that children who watch it five times a week learn more than those who seldom watch it.In the United States the program is shown at differenthours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watchit regularly.
Why has"Seasame Street"been so much more successful than other children′sshows?Many reasons have been suggested.Perhaps one reason is that motherswatch"Seasame Street"along with their children.But the best reasonfor the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching itfeel able to learn.The child finds himself learning,and he wants to learnmore.
When the first-year pupils who have watched the program are in the same class with those who haven′t,A.teaching will becomes a bit difficult
B.they will not get on well with one another
C.it is impossible to begin class at the fixed time
D.they don't want to learn anything more
考题
"SeasameStreet"has been called"the longest street in the world".
This is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts ofthe world.
The program,which went on the air in New York in 1969,uses songs,jokes,andpictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers,letters and humanrelationships.More than 6 million children in the United States watch itregularly.The viewers(观众)include more than half the nation′s children before school age.
Manyteacher consider the program a great help,though some teachers find that problems happen when the first-year pupils who have learned from"SeasameStreet"are in the same class with those who have not watched the program.Tests have shown that children who watch it five times a week learn more than those who seldom watch it.In the United States the program is shown at differenthours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watchit regularly.
Why has"Seasame Street"been so much more successful than other children′sshows?Many reasons have been suggested.Perhaps one reason is that motherswatch"Seasame Street"along with their children.But the best reasonfor the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching itfeel able to learn.The child finds himself learning,and he wants to learnmore.
People call"Seasame Street"the longest street in the world becauseA.it isthe longest TV program ever produced
B.it took much more time to put on this program than any other one
C.it is shown almost throughout the world
D.it has been on the air since 1969
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问答题Training doesn’t just involve teaching someone how to write nifty software or even stick to company policies. It also focuses on softer skills like team-building, leadership and communication. Rather than train only in periods of flux or crisis, entrepreneurs should invest consistently in a structured program along the way. It may sound corny, but small firms that build what consultants like to call a “culture of learning” get more out of their training investments, because they don’t have to “reinvent the wheel” when restarting programs from scratch.
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