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Text 2In Don Juan Lord Byron wrote, "Sweet is revenge—especially to women." But a study released on Wednesday, supported by magnetic resonance imaging, suggests that men may be the more natural avengers.
In the study, when male subjects witnessed people they perceived as bad guys being stroke by a mild electrical shock, their M.R.I. scans lit up in primitive brain areas associated with reward. Their brains' empathy centers remained dull. Women watching the punishment, in contrast, showed no response in centers associated with pleasure. Even though they also said they did not like the bad guys, their empathy centers still quietly gloved.
The study seems to show for the first time in physical terms what many people probably assume they already know: that women are generally more empathetic than men, and that men, and that men take great pleasure in seeing revenge exacted. Men "expressed more desire for revenge and seemed to feel satisfaction when unfair people were given what they perceived as deserved physical punishment," said Dr. Tania Singer, the lead researcher, of the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London. But far from condemning the male impulse for retribution, Dr. Singer said it had an important social function: "This type of behavior. has probably been crucial in the evolution of society as the majority of people in a group are motivated to punish those who cheat on the rest."
The study is part of a growing body of research that is attempting to better understand behavior. and emotions by observing simultaneous physiological changes in the brain, a technique now attainable through imaging. "Imaging is still in its early days but we are transitioning from a descriptive to a more mechanistic type of study," said Dr. Klaas Enno Stephan, a co-author of the paper.
Dr. Singer's team was simply trying to see if the study subjects' degree of empathy correlated with how much they liked or disliked the person being punished. They had not set out to look into ** differences. To cultivate personal likes and dislikes in their 32 volunteers, they asked them to play a complex money strategy game, where both members of a pair would profit if both behaved cooperatively. The ranks of volunteers were infiltrated by actors told to play selfishly. Volunteers came quickly to "very much like" the partners who were cooperative, while disliking those who hided rewards, Dr. Stephan said. Effectively conditioned to like and dislike their game-playing partners, the 32 subjects were placed in scanners and asked to watch the various partners receive electrical shocks. On scans, both men and women seemed to feel the pain of partners they liked. But the real surprise came during scans when the subjects viewed the partners they disliked being shocked. "When women saw the shock, they still had an empathetic response, even though it was reduced," Dr. Stephan said. "The men had none at all." Furthermore, researchers found that the brain's pleasure centers lit up in males when just punishment was meted out.
The researchers cautioned that it was not clear if men and women are born with divergent responses to revenge or if their social experiences generate the responses. Dr. Singer said larger studies were needed to see if differing responses would be seen in cases involving revenge that did not involve pain. Still, she added, "This investigation would seem to indicate there is a predominant role for men in maintaining justice and issuing punishment."
第26题：Lord Byron\'s words mean ______.
A. Women are crueler than men
B. Revenge on women is sweeter
C. Women feel sweeter with revenge than men
D. Women love to revenge
参考答案
更多 “ Text 2In Don Juan Lord Byron wrote, "Sweet is revenge—especially to women." But a study released on Wednesday, supported by magnetic resonance imaging, suggests that men may be the more natural avengers.In the study, when male subjects witnessed people they perceived as bad guys being stroke by a mild electrical shock, their M.R.I. scans lit up in primitive brain areas associated with reward. Their brains' empathy centers remained dull. Women watching the punishment, in contrast, showed no response in centers associated with pleasure. Even though they also said they did not like the bad guys, their empathy centers still quietly gloved.The study seems to show for the first time in physical terms what many people probably assume they already know: that women are generally more empathetic than men, and that men, and that men take great pleasure in seeing revenge exacted. Men "expressed more desire for revenge and seemed to feel satisfaction when unfair people were given what they perceived as deserved physical punishment," said Dr. Tania Singer, the lead researcher, of the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London. But far from condemning the male impulse for retribution, Dr. Singer said it had an important social function: "This type of behavior. has probably been crucial in the evolution of society as the majority of people in a group are motivated to punish those who cheat on the rest."The study is part of a growing body of research that is attempting to better understand behavior. and emotions by observing simultaneous physiological changes in the brain, a technique now attainable through imaging. "Imaging is still in its early days but we are transitioning from a descriptive to a more mechanistic type of study," said Dr. Klaas Enno Stephan, a co-author of the paper.Dr. Singer's team was simply trying to see if the study subjects' degree of empathy correlated with how much they liked or disliked the person being punished. They had not set out to look into ** differences. To cultivate personal likes and dislikes in their 32 volunteers, they asked them to play a complex money strategy game, where both members of a pair would profit if both behaved cooperatively. The ranks of volunteers were infiltrated by actors told to play selfishly. Volunteers came quickly to "very much like" the partners who were cooperative, while disliking those who hided rewards, Dr. Stephan said. Effectively conditioned to like and dislike their game-playing partners, the 32 subjects were placed in scanners and asked to watch the various partners receive electrical shocks. On scans, both men and women seemed to feel the pain of partners they liked. But the real surprise came during scans when the subjects viewed the partners they disliked being shocked. "When women saw the shock, they still had an empathetic response, even though it was reduced," Dr. Stephan said. "The men had none at all." Furthermore, researchers found that the brain's pleasure centers lit up in males when just punishment was meted out.The researchers cautioned that it was not clear if men and women are born with divergent responses to revenge or if their social experiences generate the responses. Dr. Singer said larger studies were needed to see if differing responses would be seen in cases involving revenge that did not involve pain. Still, she added, "This investigation would seem to indicate there is a predominant role for men in maintaining justice and issuing punishment."第26题：Lord Byron\'s words mean ______.A. Women are crueler than menB. Revenge on women is sweeterC. Women feel sweeter with revenge than menD. Women love to revenge ” 相关考题
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Byron wrote the following except ________.
A.Childe Harold’s PilgrimageB.ManfredC.Don JuanD.The Revolt of Islam
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Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
考题
Since Wallerstein's study, ______.A. there are fewer divorcesB. children of divorce no longer get therapyC. times and attitudes toward divorce have changedD. people don't talk about divorce any more
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The more attention you put in your study,()the study will be.
A、more easierB、the more easierC、the easierD、easier as
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It is said in th．e passage that when the economy slides ( )．A． men would choose working women as their marriage partnersB． more women would get married to seek financial securityC． even working women would worry about their marriagesD． more people would prefer to remain single for the time being
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According to the text, Dr. Singer\'s attitude to male revenge impulse is ________.A. sympatheticB. detachedC. positiveD. negative
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DScience can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer. Any owner will tall you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their ani mal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed (放松)around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don't judge. A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about I1 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing.67．What does the text mainly discuss?A．What pets bring to their owners.B．How pets help people calm down.C．People's opinions of keeping pets.D．Pet's value in medical research.
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Men Too May Suffer From Domestic Violence Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes,according to one of the few studies to look_______(51)domestic violence and health among men. “Many men actually do experience domestic violence,although we don't hear about it _______(52),”Dr. Robert J.Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle,one of the study's authors,told Reuters Health.“They often don't tell_______(53)we don't ask.We want to get the message out to men who_______(54)experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to ______(55).” The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical_______ (56)such as threats that made them_______(57)for their safety,controlling behavior(for ex-ample,being told who they could associate with and where they could go),and constant name-calling. Among men 18 to 54 years old,14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner _______(58)in the past five years,while 6 .1 percent reported domestic violence in the previ-ous year. Rates were lower for men 55 and_______(59),with 5 .3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2 .4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months. Overall,30 .5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26 .5 percent of older men said they had been victims of_______(60)violence at some point in their lives.About half of the violence the men_______(61)was physical. However,the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as_______(62)suffered by, women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe,compared to 61 percent of______(63). Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems_______(64)those who had not，especially older men,the_______(65)found.57._________A:. hopeB: fearC:.waitD:.look
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women. Paragraph 3 ________A:More Questions to Be AskedB:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC:Development of a Simple But Important TestD:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiscaseE: How to Control the Levels of NT- proBNPF: Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.Paragraph 5______A:More Questions to Be AskedB:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC:Development of a Simple But Important TestD:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiseaseE:How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNPF:Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.People who take regular afternoon naps______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
考题
Though not biologically related,friends are as“related”as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.That is_（1）_a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has__（2）_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_（3）__1,932 unique subjects which__（4）__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_（5）_.While 1%may seem_（6）_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do not even_（7）_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_（8）_our kin.”The study_（9）_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_（10）_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_（11）_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that_（12）_us in choosing genetically similar friends_（13）_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_（14）_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_（15）_than other genes Studying this could help_（16）_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major_（17）_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_（18）_to befriend those of similar_（19）_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_（20）_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.
7选？A.visit
B.miss
C.seek
D.know
考题
Though not biologically related,friends are as“related”as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.That is_（1）_a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has__（2）_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_（3）__1,932 unique subjects which__（4）__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_（5）_.While 1%may seem_（6）_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do not even_（7）_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_（8）_our kin.”The study_（9）_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_（10）_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_（11）_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that_（12）_us in choosing genetically similar friends_（13）_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_（14）_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_（15）_than other genes Studying this could help_（16）_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major_（17）_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_（18）_to befriend those of similar_（19）_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_（20）_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.
13选？A.according to
B.rather than
C.regardless of
D.along with
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Questions 88-90 refer to the following advertisement.
Obese people are less productive in the workplace and more prone to injury, a study claims. The researchers say their findings were so extreme that overweight people may need to take longer breaks to recover from the strains of work. They assessed how long it took for people of various sizes to perform certain tasks in the workplace. Obese people had, on average, 40 per cent shorter endurance times.
The study, conducted at Virginia Tech and the University at Buffalo in the U.S., examined the endurance of 32 people in four categories: non-obese young, obese young, non-obese older, and obese older. Each of them completed three tasks that involved a range of skills: hand grip, shoulder elevation, and a simulated assembly operation. Every task involved periods of work and rest, and included a level of activity similar to manufacturing settings.
The number of people who are obese has doubled over the past three decades-and has been linked to higher rates of workplace injury and a greater number of days of sick. ‘Workers who are obese may need longer rest breaks to return to their initial state of muscle function,’ said Dr Cavuoto. Based on the increased fatigue found
among workers who are obese, workplace designers may need to consider adding fixtures and supports to minimize the amount of time that body mass segments need to be supported. ‘We believe our results will help to develop more inclusive ergonomic guideline,’ she added. The researchers also looked at the effect of obesity and age on endurance times.
Previous research has indicated that both age and obesity hamper mobility-particularly when it comes to walking and low-energy tasks. But the researchers in this study, published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, found no such link.
What is the finding supported by the previous study but not the present study?
A. Obese people are less productive in work
B. Obese people find it hard to recover from strain
C. Obese people are more likely to get injured
D. Obese people suffer from poor mobility
考题
Questions 88-90 refer to the following advertisement.
Obese people are less productive in the workplace and more prone to injury, a study claims. The researchers say their findings were so extreme that overweight people may need to take longer breaks to recover from the strains of work. They assessed how long it took for people of various sizes to perform certain tasks in the workplace. Obese people had, on average, 40 per cent shorter endurance times.
The study, conducted at Virginia Tech and the University at Buffalo in the U.S., examined the endurance of 32 people in four categories: non-obese young, obese young, non-obese older, and obese older. Each of them completed three tasks that involved a range of skills: hand grip, shoulder elevation, and a simulated assembly operation. Every task involved periods of work and rest, and included a level of activity similar to manufacturing settings.
The number of people who are obese has doubled over the past three decades-and has been linked to higher rates of workplace injury and a greater number of days of sick. ‘Workers who are obese may need longer rest breaks to return to their initial state of muscle function,’ said Dr Cavuoto. Based on the increased fatigue found
among workers who are obese, workplace designers may need to consider adding fixtures and supports to minimize the amount of time that body mass segments need to be supported. ‘We believe our results will help to develop more inclusive ergonomic guideline,’ she added. The researchers also looked at the effect of obesity and age on endurance times.
Previous research has indicated that both age and obesity hamper mobility-particularly when it comes to walking and low-energy tasks. But the researchers in this study, published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, found no such link.
Which of the following statements is true according to the article?
A. The subjects of the study are of all ages
B. The number of obese people has been on the increase
C. The tasks involved takes place in real work situation
D. The study has lasted over three decades
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Teaching Math,Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers compared the scores.The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example,was probably anxious about math.Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings______.A:prove a strong link between female teachers'math anxiety and their female students' math achievementsB: show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female studentsC: provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than femalesD: discover a strong link between teachers'math anxiety and their students'math achievements
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Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed?The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics"boffin"（科学家）still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects.98 percent of those asked got it wrong.The majority of people picked a white male of around 60,wearing glasses and with a white beard.While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1 960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations（等式）or working with fizzing（嘶嘶响）test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society.Very good school children are put off studying science because they don't see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science.They simply don't relate to the media's image of the mad scientist.This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university.Ifwe want to encourage more young people to study science subjects,we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive.But we must also develop children's interest in science.In an attempt to change this negative image,an increasing number of science festivals are being organized.Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads.Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year.These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science.It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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A recent US study found that people who score high for extroversion rate themselves as leaner and taller than they acmally are,with male extroverts weighing more than introverts.Conscientiousness is associated with a healthier weight,xvith the most conscientious（in the top 25%）weighing on average almost Skg less than the least conscientious（in the bottom 25%）.Participants scoring low on emotional stability tended to overestimate their weight,although women who gave themselves a low score did actually weigh more than others with higher scores on this trait.These findings held across all of the ethnic groups included in the study.While some links are unsurprising（eg.conscientious people stick to their diets）,some are not so easy to explain.Why,for example,do extrovcrted men weigh more?Is it because they're always in the pub?If so,perhaps the"beer goggle"effect explains why they rate themselves as taller and thinner than they actually are.
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A. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
B. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic.
C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
D. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.
E. Men and women are dreamed about different things.
F. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.
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Directions: Some people think that alluniversity students should study whatever they like. Others believe that theyshould only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, suchas those related to science and technology. What′s your view about what subjectuniversity students should study? You are required to write a compositionwithin 180 words, but no less than 150 words.
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Directions: Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. What′s your view about what subject university students should study? You are required to write a composition within 180 words, but no less than 150 words.
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Don Juan was written by ( ) A.Percy Bysshe Shelley
B.John Keats
C.George Gordon Byron
D.William Wordsworth
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单选题It was from the earliest time _____ men began to study the natural phenomena and heavenly bodies.A
whenB
whereC
thatD
how
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单选题It can be inferred from the passage that the pupils __________.A
usually study a certain subject in greater details at home than at schoolB
usually do not study a certain subject at homeC
study the subjects only at schoolD
study a subject more deeply at school than at home
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填空题What was the result of a recent study?Thinner people are more ____ than fatter people.
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