考前必练：2022年普通研究生入学考试试题练习（英语十一）
发布时间：2021-09-10
对于不考数学的小伙伴来说，英语无疑是研究生入学考试最难的科目。在备考英语时，除了必要的教材学习之外，试题练习也是非常重要的一步。为了帮助大家备考，51题库考试学习网在下面为大家带来研究生入学考试英语科目部分历年真题，正在备考的小伙伴不妨来看一看。
Read the
following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
It was
only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and
began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how
bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various
signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who
eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than
those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There
is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when
taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and
short-lived dietary enthusiasms.
Why is so
much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer
this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely
that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement
positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication,
which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary
process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has
to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for
the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the
number.
(48) Attempts
have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate
some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that
is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the
scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be
cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be
reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to
cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for
them in return for similar favours.
Boiling
down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such
as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in
time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple
quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.
(50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both
meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage
that kind of science.
46) 【题干】There is a great deal of this kind of
nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the
lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.
【答案】医学期刊中存在大量由广播公司和新闻媒体报道的这种无稽之谈，这会导致健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。
47) 【题干】nowadays anyone applying for a research post
has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required
for the same post only 10 years ago.
【答案】如今，任何申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量。
48) 【题干】Attempts have been made to curb this kind
tendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the
assessment of an applicant’s published papers.
【答案】人们已经做出努力来遏制这种倾向，即将一些质量和数量纳入申请人发表的论文的评估当中。
49) 【题干】This would be reasonable enough if it were
not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their
future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar
favors.
【答案】如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己，或者让同事为他们这样做以换取类似的好处，这将是合理的。
50)【题干】If we are serious about ensuring that our
science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our
institutions incentivize that kind of science.
【答案】如果我们想认真确保科学既有意义又可再生，那么我们必须确保我们的制度可以激励这种科学的发展
以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，各位考生可参阅备考。历年考试试题仅用于参考，小伙伴们还是要多多练习其他的试题。最后，51题库考试学习网预祝准备参加2022年研究生入学考试的小伙伴都能顺利通过。
下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。
A.为半个月以上6个月以下
B.为1个月以上6个月以下
C.数罪并罚时最高不超过2年
D.数罪并罚时最高不超过1年
A.胰岛素释放试验 B.血糖测定 C.糖化血红蛋白A1测定D.糖化血浆白蛋白测定
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