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共用题干
第二篇

High Stress May Damage Memory

According to a report issued in May 1998,elderly people who have consistently high
blood levels of cortisol (皮质醇）don't score as well on memory tests as their peers with
lower levels of the stress hormone. What's more,high levels of cortisol are also associated
with shrinking of the hippocampus（海马区）,a region of the brain that plays a key role in
learning and memory.
The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal,"healthy"range can
actually accelerate brain aging.
The study results"now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal
(肾上腺的）stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans",
write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield.Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress
by the adrenal glands（腺）,which sit on top of the kidneys(肾）.
Over a 5-to 6-year period,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour
cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers,most of whom were in their 70s.
The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high
category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group.The groups did not differ in
tests of immediate memory,but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory
problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.
The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the
increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group,
although there were no differences in other brain regions.
The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal
hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological（病态的）and that variation within
this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging",write Porter and
Landfield."This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the
hippocampus."

It appears that when the hippocampus shrinks due to high levels of cortisol,other brain regions
A:may change dramatically.
B:may stop functioning.
C:may remain unaffected.
D:may be seriously damaged,

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更多 “共用题干 第二篇High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998,elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol (皮质醇）don't score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. What's more,high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus（海马区）,a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal,"healthy"range can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results"now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的）stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans", write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield.Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands（腺）,which sit on top of the kidneys(肾）.Over a 5-to 6-year period,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers,most of whom were in their 70s.The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group.The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory,but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenalhormones that are not generally regarded as pathological（病态的）and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging",write Porter and Landfield."This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus." It appears that when the hippocampus shrinks due to high levels of cortisol,other brain regionsA:may change dramatically. B:may stop functioning.C:may remain unaffected. D:may be seriously damaged,” 相关考题
考题 共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP_________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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考题 共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women. Paragraph 3 ________A:More Questions to Be AskedB:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC:Development of a Simple But Important TestD:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiscaseE: How to Control the Levels of NT- proBNPF: Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
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考题 共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people mayknow ________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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考题 共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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考题 共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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考题 共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.People who take regular afternoon naps _________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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考题 共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.So far there have not been definite data to confirm _______.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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考题 共用题干 Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998 .The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0 .44 kilometers.Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life. It can be learned from the last paragraph that______.A: high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later lifeB: underweight babies have a shorter life spanC: babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birthD: newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies
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考题 共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.People who take regular afternoon naps______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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考题 共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.So far there have not been definite data to confirm______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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考题 A New Study Says You Can Spread to Your Dog Research shows that most dog owner's find their pets to be great stress busters.Curling up on the couch with your pug on playing eatch with your Labradoodle is a great way to unwind and letthe cares of the dlay slip away . New science has some bud news for dog owners. Dog might ease your stress. but they can also catch it, I's an old joke that dogs resemble their owners, but according to this new study out of linkoping universily in sweden . Its actually true in one lecus funny way: stressed out owners have stressedout dog . To figure this out the researchers took hair samples from 25 border collies and 33 shetland sheepdogs. AS well as their female owners. For both humans and dogs . Hair records the level of the stress bormone cortisol in the body over time s0 by analy zing these hairs, the team could figure out just now much stress both the owners and their pets were under long_ ferm. The studly found the stress level of the dogs and their owners matched up : higher levels of sitress among owners showed up as higher levels of stress in their dogs. The efct was even more pronounced if the dogs was female or if it took part in agility copettions with is owner. Previous research has found that cortisol in humans and their dogs can rise together in the short term especially when competing. But this finding was someting new. " This is the first time we've seen a long term synchroniation in stress levels between members of two diferent species。 We haven't scen this between humans and dogs before." lead research lina r oth told the guardian.And what about a pooch's lifestyle?did limited opportunitics for play or more time spent alone stress out the dogs? nearly as much as belonging to a human with high cortisol levels. The personality of the owner seemed to play a role to. Although that varied with the sex of the dog. Female dogs whose owners had higher scores in the Big five traits of neurotic ism openness, and conscientiousness had higher cortisol levels, while the same was true of male dogs whose owners scored high in agreeableness. This will not come as a huge surprise to many observant folks who have noticed that highly stung people offen have a highly strung dogs. But should scientifie confrmation of this conection between owners and their dogs put pet if you're arcciety prone? Or if you're under a lot of stress and already a pet owner, should you feel guilty? Roth replies" 1 don't think you should be anxious that , if you're sressed,, you might harm your dog" instead, your dog is a 8ocial support for you, and you are a social support for the dog. Your sressede out than made up for by exstra pats , belly rubs, and tennis ball throws. Though if you do lean towards the anxious side, you might want to think carefully about choosing a resilient type of dog. Just which breeds are best is still an open question.one Roth andher collaborators hope. It may be possible to match dog and owner in a way that is better for both, from a stress- management says" It may be that certain breeds are not so deeply afected if their owner hasa high sres leve!"" What makes this study different from previous research which also saw oortisol synchronization in dogs?() A. The duration of time B. Pooch's lifestyle C. Number df suljeets studied D. The influence of the owner' s character on the pet.
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考题 A New Study Says You Can Spread to Your Dog Research shows that most dog owner's find their pets to be great stress busters.Curling up on the couch with your pug on playing eatch with your Labradoodle is a great way to unwind and letthe cares of the dlay slip away . New science has some bud news for dog owners. Dog might ease your stress. but they can also catch it, I's an old joke that dogs resemble their owners, but according to this new study out of linkoping universily in sweden . Its actually true in one lecus funny way: stressed out owners have stressedout dog . To figure this out the researchers took hair samples from 25 border collies and 33 shetland sheepdogs. AS well as their female owners. For both humans and dogs . Hair records the level of the stress bormone cortisol in the body over time s0 by analy zing these hairs, the team could figure out just now much stress both the owners and their pets were under long_ ferm. The studly found the stress level of the dogs and their owners matched up : higher levels of sitress among owners showed up as higher levels of stress in their dogs. The efct was even more pronounced if the dogs was female or if it took part in agility copettions with is owner. Previous research has found that cortisol in humans and their dogs can rise together in the short term especially when competing. But this finding was someting new. " This is the first time we've seen a long term synchroniation in stress levels between members of two diferent species。 We haven't scen this between humans and dogs before." lead research lina r oth told the guardian.And what about a pooch's lifestyle?did limited opportunitics for play or more time spent alone stress out the dogs? nearly as much as belonging to a human with high cortisol levels. The personality of the owner seemed to play a role to. Although that varied with the sex of the dog. Female dogs whose owners had higher scores in the Big five traits of neurotic ism openness, and conscientiousness had higher cortisol levels, while the same was true of male dogs whose owners scored high in agreeableness. This will not come as a huge surprise to many observant folks who have noticed that highly stung people offen have a highly strung dogs. But should scientifie confrmation of this conection between owners and their dogs put pet if you're arcciety prone? Or if you're under a lot of stress and already a pet owner, should you feel guilty? Roth replies" 1 don't think you should be anxious that , if you're sressed,, you might harm your dog" instead, your dog is a 8ocial support for you, and you are a social support for the dog. Your sressede out than made up for by exstra pats , belly rubs, and tennis ball throws. Though if you do lean towards the anxious side, you might want to think carefully about choosing a resilient type of dog. Just which breeds are best is still an open question.one Roth andher collaborators hope. It may be possible to match dog and owner in a way that is better for both, from a stress- management says" It may be that certain breeds are not so deeply afected if their owner hasa high sres leve!"" Which of the fllowing statement is not true? () A. If the owmers scored higher in conscientiousmes, dogs had higher cortisol levels B.Dog's level of stress became more protruding if they took part in agility competitions C. Scientist figured out how much stress owners and their pets were under by the level of cortisol D.This passage called the owners to release pressure through interactions wih pets.
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考题 A New Study Says You Can Spread to Your Dog Research shows that most dog owner's find their pets to be great stress busters.Curling up on the couch with your pug on playing eatch with your Labradoodle is a great way to unwind and letthe cares of the dlay slip away . New science has some bud news for dog owners. Dog might ease your stress. but they can also catch it, I's an old joke that dogs resemble their owners, but according to this new study out of linkoping universily in sweden . Its actually true in one lecus funny way: stressed out owners have stressedout dog . To figure this out the researchers took hair samples from 25 border collies and 33 shetland sheepdogs. AS well as their female owners. For both humans and dogs . Hair records the level of the stress bormone cortisol in the body over time s0 by analy zing these hairs, the team could figure out just now much stress both the owners and their pets were under long_ ferm. The studly found the stress level of the dogs and their owners matched up : higher levels of sitress among owners showed up as higher levels of stress in their dogs. The efct was even more pronounced if the dogs was female or if it took part in agility copettions with is owner. Previous research has found that cortisol in humans and their dogs can rise together in the short term especially when competing. But this finding was someting new. " This is the first time we've seen a long term synchroniation in stress levels between members of two diferent species。 We haven't scen this between humans and dogs before." lead research lina r oth told the guardian.And what about a pooch's lifestyle?did limited opportunitics for play or more time spent alone stress out the dogs? nearly as much as belonging to a human with high cortisol levels. The personality of the owner seemed to play a role to. Although that varied with the sex of the dog. Female dogs whose owners had higher scores in the Big five traits of neurotic ism openness, and conscientiousness had higher cortisol levels, while the same was true of male dogs whose owners scored high in agreeableness. This will not come as a huge surprise to many observant folks who have noticed that highly stung people offen have a highly strung dogs. But should scientifie confrmation of this conection between owners and their dogs put pet if you're arcciety prone? Or if you're under a lot of stress and already a pet owner, should you feel guilty? Roth replies" 1 don't think you should be anxious that , if you're sressed,, you might harm your dog" instead, your dog is a 8ocial support for you, and you are a social support for the dog. Your sressede out than made up for by exstra pats , belly rubs, and tennis ball throws. Though if you do lean towards the anxious side, you might want to think carefully about choosing a resilient type of dog. Just which breeds are best is still an open question.one Roth andher collaborators hope. It may be possible to match dog and owner in a way that is better for both, from a stress- management says" It may be that certain breeds are not so deeply afected if their owner hasa high sres leve!"" Which factor canmot result in dog's stess?() A. Competitions B. Owner's companion C. Dog's Gender D. Owner's personality
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考题 A New Study Says You Can Spread to Your Dog Research shows that most dog owner's find their pets to be great stress busters.Curling up on the couch with your pug on playing eatch with your Labradoodle is a great way to unwind and letthe cares of the dlay slip away . New science has some bud news for dog owners. Dog might ease your stress. but they can also catch it, I's an old joke that dogs resemble their owners, but according to this new study out of linkoping universily in sweden . Its actually true in one lecus funny way: stressed out owners have stressedout dog . To figure this out the researchers took hair samples from 25 border collies and 33 shetland sheepdogs. AS well as their female owners. For both humans and dogs . Hair records the level of the stress bormone cortisol in the body over time s0 by analy zing these hairs, the team could figure out just now much stress both the owners and their pets were under long_ ferm. The studly found the stress level of the dogs and their owners matched up : higher levels of sitress among owners showed up as higher levels of stress in their dogs. The efct was even more pronounced if the dogs was female or if it took part in agility copettions with is owner. Previous research has found that cortisol in humans and their dogs can rise together in the short term especially when competing. But this finding was someting new. " This is the first time we've seen a long term synchroniation in stress levels between members of two diferent species。 We haven't scen this between humans and dogs before." lead research lina r oth told the guardian.And what about a pooch's lifestyle?did limited opportunitics for play or more time spent alone stress out the dogs? nearly as much as belonging to a human with high cortisol levels. The personality of the owner seemed to play a role to. Although that varied with the sex of the dog. Female dogs whose owners had higher scores in the Big five traits of neurotic ism openness, and conscientiousness had higher cortisol levels, while the same was true of male dogs whose owners scored high in agreeableness. This will not come as a huge surprise to many observant folks who have noticed that highly stung people offen have a highly strung dogs. But should scientifie confrmation of this conection between owners and their dogs put pet if you're arcciety prone? Or if you're under a lot of stress and already a pet owner, should you feel guilty? Roth replies" 1 don't think you should be anxious that , if you're sressed,, you might harm your dog" instead, your dog is a 8ocial support for you, and you are a social support for the dog. Your sressede out than made up for by exstra pats , belly rubs, and tennis ball throws. Though if you do lean towards the anxious side, you might want to think carefully about choosing a resilient type of dog. Just which breeds are best is still an open question.one Roth andher collaborators hope. It may be possible to match dog and owner in a way that is better for both, from a stress- management says" It may be that certain breeds are not so deeply afected if their owner hasa high sres leve!"" The auther writes the first para in order to ( ) A. Summarize the previous findings B. Allract atentions by highligbting the differences in study of the relationship between humans and pets. C. Highlight the finding of this research lad the theme. D. Highlight the close relationship between pets and people
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考题 A New Study Says You Can Spread to Your Dog Research shows that most dog owner's find their pets to be great stress busters.Curling up on the couch with your pug on playing eatch with your Labradoodle is a great way to unwind and letthe cares of the dlay slip away . New science has some bud news for dog owners. Dog might ease your stress. but they can also catch it, I's an old joke that dogs resemble their owners, but according to this new study out of linkoping universily in sweden . Its actually true in one lecus funny way: stressed out owners have stressedout dog . To figure this out the researchers took hair samples from 25 border collies and 33 shetland sheepdogs. AS well as their female owners. For both humans and dogs . Hair records the level of the stress bormone cortisol in the body over time s0 by analy zing these hairs, the team could figure out just now much stress both the owners and their pets were under long_ ferm. The studly found the stress level of the dogs and their owners matched up : higher levels of sitress among owners showed up as higher levels of stress in their dogs. The efct was even more pronounced if the dogs was female or if it took part in agility copettions with is owner. Previous research has found that cortisol in humans and their dogs can rise together in the short term especially when competing. But this finding was someting new. " This is the first time we've seen a long term synchroniation in stress levels between members of two diferent species。 We haven't scen this between humans and dogs before." lead research lina r oth told the guardian.And what about a pooch's lifestyle?did limited opportunitics for play or more time spent alone stress out the dogs? nearly as much as belonging to a human with high cortisol levels. The personality of the owner seemed to play a role to. Although that varied with the sex of the dog. Female dogs whose owners had higher scores in the Big five traits of neurotic ism openness, and conscientiousness had higher cortisol levels, while the same was true of male dogs whose owners scored high in agreeableness. This will not come as a huge surprise to many observant folks who have noticed that highly stung people offen have a highly strung dogs. But should scientifie confrmation of this conection between owners and their dogs put pet if you're arcciety prone? Or if you're under a lot of stress and already a pet owner, should you feel guilty? Roth replies" 1 don't think you should be anxious that , if you're sressed,, you might harm your dog" instead, your dog is a 8ocial support for you, and you are a social support for the dog. Your sressede out than made up for by exstra pats , belly rubs, and tennis ball throws. Though if you do lean towards the anxious side, you might want to think carefully about choosing a resilient type of dog. Just which breeds are best is still an open question.one Roth andher collaborators hope. It may be possible to match dog and owner in a way that is better for both, from a stress- management says" It may be that certain breeds are not so deeply afected if their owner hasa high sres leve!"" Readers can find answers to the flowin question ecep( ) A. Should anxiety-prone pople wory about their dogs' condition B. Will owners with high pres sure levels definitely have a profound impact on their pets C.What type of dog ie best for anxiety-prone owners D. How did scientists figure out how much stress both the owners and their pets were under
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考题 共用题干 第二篇 Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）. The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have diabetes:Have frequent eye check-ups.Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.With diabetic retinopathy,the damaged blood vessels in the retinaA:are stronger than what they used to be.B: cannot be properly replaced.C:are more likely to break than the new ones.D: may return to normal again.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇 Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）. The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have diabetes:Have frequent eye check-ups.Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.The word"its"in the second paragraph refers toA: the nerve's. B:the blood's.C:the eye's. D: the retina's,
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考题 共用题干 第三篇Stress and Heart Diseaseif you feel stress in your life is spinning out of control,then you may be hurting your heart. If you don't want to break your own heart,you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can and recognize there are many things beyond your control.So says Dr. Robert S.Eliot. He's a clinical professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska.Eliot says there are people in this world whom he calls"hot reactors".For these people,being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure.Eliot says researchers have found that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels,among other things."We've done years of work in showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers.When that happens it happens very quickly,within five minutes.It creates many short circuits,and that causes crazy heart rhythms.The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump.And when that happens,we can't live."Eliot,64,suffered a heart attack at age 44.He attributes some of the cause to stress.For years he was a"hot reactor".On the exterior,he was cool,calm and collected,but on the interior,stress was killing him.He's now doing very well.The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors一fear,uncertainty and doubt一together with perceived lack of control,he says.For many people,the root of their stress is anger,and the trick is to find out where the anger is coming from."Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect?"Eliot asks.One step to calming down is recognizing you have this tendency.Learn to be less hostile by changing some of your attitudes and negative thinking.Eliot recommends taking charge of your life."If there is one word that should be substituted for stress,it's control.Instead of the FUD factors,what you want is the NICE factors一new,interest-ing,challenging experiences."He suggests that people write down the six things in their lives that they feel are the most important things they'd like to achieve.Ben Franklin did it at age 32."He wrote down things like being a better father,being a better husband,being financially independent, being stimulated intellectually and remaining even-tempered一he wasn't good at that."From Eliot's viewpoint,the other key to controlling stress is to"realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control一like the economy and politicians.What does the term"hot reactor" refer to?A:People who are easy to get annoyed.B:People often change their moods.C:People who often quarrel with others.D:People who are cool on the exterior but stressed on the interior.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇 Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）. The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have diabetes:Have frequent eye check-ups.Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.The worst eye damage induced by diabetes isA:blurred vision. B: black spots,C: blindness. D: flashing lights.
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考题 共用题干 第三篇Stress and Heart Diseaseif you feel stress in your life is spinning out of control,then you may be hurting your heart. If you don't want to break your own heart,you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can and recognize there are many things beyond your control.So says Dr. Robert S.Eliot. He's a clinical professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska.Eliot says there are people in this world whom he calls"hot reactors".For these people,being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure.Eliot says researchers have found that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels,among other things."We've done years of work in showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers.When that happens it happens very quickly,within five minutes.It creates many short circuits,and that causes crazy heart rhythms.The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump.And when that happens,we can't live."Eliot,64,suffered a heart attack at age 44.He attributes some of the cause to stress.For years he was a"hot reactor".On the exterior,he was cool,calm and collected,but on the interior,stress was killing him.He's now doing very well.The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors一fear,uncertainty and doubt一together with perceived lack of control,he says.For many people,the root of their stress is anger,and the trick is to find out where the anger is coming from."Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect?"Eliot asks.One step to calming down is recognizing you have this tendency.Learn to be less hostile by changing some of your attitudes and negative thinking.Eliot recommends taking charge of your life."If there is one word that should be substituted for stress,it's control.Instead of the FUD factors,what you want is the NICE factors一new,interest-ing,challenging experiences."He suggests that people write down the six things in their lives that they feel are the most important things they'd like to achieve.Ben Franklin did it at age 32."He wrote down things like being a better father,being a better husband,being financially independent, being stimulated intellectually and remaining even-tempered一he wasn't good at that."From Eliot's viewpoint,the other key to controlling stress is to"realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control一like the economy and politicians.What consequences being tense may bring to people?A:Heart muscle fibers may be burst.B:Slow increases in their blood pressure.C:Lower cholesterol levels.D:The heart beats like a pump.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇Sleep Lets Brain File MemoriesTo sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar." Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance,as is indicated by a research mentioned in Paragraph 4?A:People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance.B:People with good memory have low glucose tolerance.C:Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance.D:The poorer the memory,the poorer glucose tolerance.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇People who forgive show less depression,anger and stress and more hopefulness.To forgive may be divine,but no one ever said it was easy.When someone has deeply hurt you,it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge.But forgiveness is possible,and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health."People who forgive show less depression,anger and stress and more hopefulness,"says Fredric,Ph.D,author of Forgive for Good."So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital."So how do you start the healing?Try the following steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger,try a simple stress management technique."Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure:a beautiful scene in nature,or someone you love."Frederic says.Don't wait for an apology. "Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,"Frederic says."They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.So if you wait for people to apologize,you could be waiting an awfully long time."Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain."Instead of focusing on your wounded feeling,learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,"Frederic says.Try to see things from the other person's perspective.If you empathize with that person,you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance,fear,even love.To gain perspective,you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy,better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don't forget to forgive yourself."For some people,forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,"Frederic says."But it can rob you self-confidence if you don't do it."Your offender may not want to apologize because_________.A:they are afraid that they won't be forgivenB:they don't even realize they had hurt youC:they don't share the same feeling with youD:they think that time can heal any wound
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考题 共用题干 第二篇High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998,elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol (皮质醇）don't score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. What's more,high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus（海马区）,a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal,"healthy"range can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results"now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的）stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans", write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield.Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands（腺）,which sit on top of the kidneys(肾）.Over a 5-to 6-year period,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers,most of whom were in their 70s.The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group.The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory,but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenalhormones that are not generally regarded as pathological（病态的）and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging",write Porter and Landfield."This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus." When the levels of cortisol go high,the hippocampusA:may expand. B:may shrink.C:may disappear. D:may function better.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998,elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol (皮质醇）don't score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. What's more,high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus（海马区）,a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal,"healthy"range can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results"now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的）stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans", write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield.Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands（腺）,which sit on top of the kidneys(肾）.Over a 5-to 6-year period,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers,most of whom were in their 70s.The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group.The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory,but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenalhormones that are not generally regarded as pathological（病态的）and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging",write Porter and Landfield."This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus." According to the passage,when people are under stress,A:the adrenal glands will produce cortisol.B:the kidneys will shrink rapidly.C:the hippocampus will produce cortisol.D:the brain will work more efficiently.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998,elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol (皮质醇）don't score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. What's more,high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus（海马区）,a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal,"healthy"range can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results"now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的）stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans", write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield.Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands（腺）,which sit on top of the kidneys(肾）.Over a 5-to 6-year period,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers,most of whom were in their 70s.The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group.The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory,but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenalhormones that are not generally regarded as pathological（病态的）and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging",write Porter and Landfield."This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus." Which of the following plays a key role in one's learning and memory?A:The kidneys. B:The adrenal glands.C:The stress hormone. D:The hippocampus.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998,elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol (皮质醇）don't score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. What's more,high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus（海马区）,a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal,"healthy"range can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results"now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的）stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans", write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield.Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands（腺）,which sit on top of the kidneys(肾）.Over a 5-to 6-year period,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers,most of whom were in their 70s.The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group.The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory,but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenalhormones that are not generally regarded as pathological（病态的）and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging",write Porter and Landfield."This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus." The research conducted by Porter and Landfield shows thatA:the levels of adrenal hormones have nothing to do with brain aging.B:changes in the levels of adrenal hormones can affect brain aging.C:chronic stress may strengthen one's memory.D:the rate of brain aging always remains stable.
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考题 问答题Practice 1　　Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees, according to a study.　　Job stress has been known to trigger heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease. Now Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll.　　Obesity, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease — a leading killer in many industrialized countries.　　But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role.　　Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to the study published in The British Medical Journal.　　Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated.　　Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized. Kivimaki said job pressure is damaging when being overworked is combined with little or no control, unfair supervision and few career opportunities.　　The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual workers, could be at greater risk of heart disease than other employees.　　"It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employers to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes," the foundation said in a statement.
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