单选题The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that _____.A most newspapers are run by big businessesB even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC Americans of all professions know how to do businessD even arts and entertainment are regarded as business

考题 Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the【31】of the year, or manured a field; but we know【32】about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so【33】so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are【34】that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are,【35】they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in【36】an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and【37】them how to do it most efficiently — this, after all, is【38】conquerors and generals have done -- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other【39】by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of other side, and then【40】that that side which has killed most has won.(31)A．numberB．lengthC．depthD．width

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考题 ESunday is more like Monday than it used to be, Places of business that used to keep daytime “business hours” are now open late into the night. And on the Internet, the hour of the day and the day of the week have become irrelevant (不相关的).A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. Today the boundaries still exist, but they seem not clear.The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday; in most, it no longer does, It used to keep the schools open in all seasons except summer, in most, it still does. And whether the work week should strengthen its legal limits, or whether it should become more “flexible,” is often debated. How should we, as a society, organize our time? Should we go even further in relaxing the boundaries of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much like every other?These are not easy questions even to ask. Part of the difficulty is that we rarely recognize the “law of time” even when we meet it face to face. We know as children that we have to attend school a certain number of hours, a certain number of days, a certain number of years – but unless we meet the truant officer (学监) ,we may well think that we should go to school due to social custom and parents’ demand rather than to the law. As adults we are familiar with “extra pay for overtime working,” but less familiar with the fact that what constitutes(构成) “overtime” is a matter of legal definition. When we turn the clock forward to start daylight – saving time, have we ever thought to ourselves: “Here is the law in action”? As we shall see, there is a lot of law that has great influence on how organize and use time: compulsory education law, overtime law, and daylight – saving law- as well as law about Sunday closing, holidays, being late to work, time zones, and so on. Once we begin to look for it, we will have no trouble finding a law of time to examine and assess.67. By saying” Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be,” the writer means that __________.A. work time is equal to rest timeB. many people have a day off on Monday,C. it is hard for people to decide when to restD. the line between work time and rest time is unclear

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考题 The most appropriate title for this text would be______.A．American Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalB．American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC．American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD．American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story

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考题 It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ( ).A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB. often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC. do not know how to relax properlyD. are more unlikely to run into mental problems

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考题根据短文提供的信息，完成 117～120各题。Taxes are a big part in the United States．Most Americans pay city taxes，state taxes，social security taxes，sales taxes…，and the list seems endless．The biggest tax for most Americans in that on the money they earn——the income tax．The personal income tax is called a“progressive tax”because it takes more from those who earn more fl or example，a person who earns about 3，500 dollars a year will pay a tax of only about 3．5％of earning. But of the same person earned 85，000 dollars a year， he would pay an In come tax of 35％．Over the、ears the income tax has become more and more difficult for people to un Dustan D．M almost only half of all-Americans now have t0 pay experts to prepare their tax fee pores in fact，preparing taxes and giving tax advice have become a big industry in America．第 117 题 Most Americans pay（）．A．taxes which are too many to list．B．taxes either t0 the cities or the states they live in．C．so many kinds of taxes that they even don't know the names．D．several kinds 0f taxes．

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考题 Without proper safeguards, every part of a network is vulnerable to a security breach or unauthorized activity from （）, competitors, or even employees. Many of the organizations that manage their own （） network security and use the Internet for more than just sending/receiving e-mails experience a network （）— and more than half of these companies do not even know they were attacked. Smaller （） are often complacent, having gained a false sense of security. They usually react to the last virus or the most recent defacing of their website. But they are trapped in a situation where they do not have the necessary time and（）to spend on security.A.intrudersB.terminalsC.hostsD.users@@@SXB@@@A.exteriorB.internalC.centreD.middle@@@SXB@@@A.attackB.collapseC.breakdownD.virus@@@SXB@@@A.usersB.campusesC.CompaniesD.networks@@@SXB@@@A.safeguardsB.businessesC.experiencesD.Resources

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考题三、阅读下面短文，根据短文提供的信息，完成下列各题。共4题。每题1分，共4分。根据短文提供的信息，完成 117～120 各题。 Taxes are a big part in the United States．Most Americans pay city taxes，state taxes，social security taxes，sales taxes…，and the list seems endless．The biggest tax for most Americans in that on the money they earn——the income tax．The personal income tax is called a“progressive tax”because it takes more from those who earn more fl or example，a person who earns about 3，500 dollars a year will pay a tax of only about 3．5％of earning. But of the same person earned 85，000 dollars a year， he would pay an In come tax of 35％．Over the、ears the income tax has become more and more difficult for people to un Dustan D．M almost only half of all-Americans now have t0 pay experts to prepare their tax fee pores in fact，preparing taxes and giving tax advice have become a big industry in America．第117题：Most Americans pay（）．A．taxes which are too many to list．B．taxes either t0 the cities or the states they live in．C．so many kinds of taxes that they even don't know the names．D．several kinds 0f taxes．

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考题 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared． In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered．Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. "So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are." Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored． Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized． Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that__A.arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers B.English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews C.high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers D.young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies

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考题 Text 1 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define‘journalism’as‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.During his lifetime,though,he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics,a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography（1947）became a best-seller.He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored.Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival?The prospect seems remote.Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA.arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers. B.English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews. C.high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers. D.young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.

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考题（）can help organizations to better understand the information contained within the data and will also tify the data that is most important to the business and future business decisions.A.DatA.processing system B.Big DatA.analytics C.ClouD.computing D.Database management

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考题 There is no creature that does not need sleep or complete rest every day. If you want to know why,just try going without sleep for a long period of time.You will discover that your mind and body would become too tired to work properly.You would become irritable and find it hard to think clearly or concentrate on your work.So sleep is quite simply the time when the ceils of?your body recover from the work of the day and build up supplies of energy for the next period of activity. One of the things we all know about sleep is that we are Unconscious in sleep,We do not know what is going on around us.But that do.esn′t mean the body stops all activity.The important organs continue to work during sleep,but most of the body functions are slowed down. For example,our breathing becomes slower and deeper.The heart beats more slowly,and the blood pressure is lower.Our arms and legs become limp(柔软的)and muscles are at rest.It would be impossible for our body to relax to such an extent if we were awake.So sleep does for us what the?most quiet rest can not do. Your body temperature becomes lower when you are asleep,which is the reason people go to sleep under some kind of covers.And even though you are unconscious,many of your reflexes(反射动作)still work.For instance,if someone tickles(使觉得痒)your foot,you will put it away in your sleep,or even brush a fly from your forehead.You do these things without knowing it. When you are sleeping,A.all of you reflexes stop working B.most of your reflexes stop working C.many of your reflexes still work D.all of your reflexes still work

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考题 Text 2 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.America's Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.Should they become charitable corporations?Should the state subsidize them?It will hold another meeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis.German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers,which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry,have not only survived but often returned to profit.Not the 20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago,but profit all the same.It has not been much fun.Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007.Readers are paying more for slimmer products.Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and,sadly for many journalists,they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses,with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers.American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.Fully 87%of their revenues came from advertising in 2008,according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation&Development（OECD）.In Japan the proportion is 35%.Not surprisingly,Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.Newspapers are less complete as a result.But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. The most appropriate title for this text would be____A.American Newspapers:Struggling for Survival B.American Newspapers:Gone with the Wind C.American Newspapers:A Thriving Business D.American Newspapers:A Hopeless Story

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考题 Without proper safeguards,every part of a network is vulnerable to a security breach or unauthorized activity from（71）,competitors,or even employees.Many of the organizations that manage their own（72）network security and use the Internet for more than just sending/receiving e-mails experience a network（73）—and more than half of these companies do not even know they were attacked.Smaller（74）are often complacent,having gained a false sense of security.They usually react to the last virus or the most recent defacing of their website.But they are trapped in a situation where they do not have the necessary time and（75）to spend on security. A.exterior B.internal C.centre D.middle

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考题 Without proper safeguards,every part of a network is vulnerable to a security breach or unauthorized activity from（）,competitors,or even employees.Many of the organizations that manage their own（）network security and use the Internet for more than just sending/receiving e-mails experience a network（）—and more than half of these companies do not even know they were attacked.Smaller（）are often complacent,having gained a false sense of security.They usually react to the last virus or the most recent defacing of their website.But they are trapped in a situation where they do not have the necessary time and（本题）to spend on security.A.safeguards B.businesses C.experiences D.resources

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考题 Without proper safeguards,every part of a network is vulnerable to a security breach or unauthorized activity from（）,competitors,or even employees.Many of the organizations that manage their own （）network security and use the Internet for more than just sending/receiving e-mails experience a network（本题）—and more than half of these companies do not even know they were attacked.Smaller （）are often complacent, having gained a false sense of security.They usually react to the last virus or the most recent defacing of their website.But they are trapped in a situation where they do not have the necessary time and（） to spend on security.A.attack B.collapse C.breakdown D.virus

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考题 Without proper safeguards,every part of a network is vulnerable to a security breach or unauthorized activity from（本题）,competitors,or even employees.Many of the organizations that manage their own （72）network security and use the Internet for more than just sending/receiving e-mails experience a network（73）—and more than half of these companies do not even know they were attacked.Smaller （74）are often complacent, having gained a false sense of security.They usually react to the last virus or the most recent defacing of their website.But they are trapped in a situation where they do not have the necessary time and（75） to spend on security.A.intruders B.terminals C.hosts D.users

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考题 Culture differences 【文化差异】　　People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, sometimes without realizing it. Most Americans ___A__1___ out of the country and have very __B___2____ experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy __C__3____ new people, having guests and bringing people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names __D__4____ most situations and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that ___A__5___ you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will _C__6___ your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again. And you’ll all __C___7______ something about another culture! 　　Many travelers find _____8__B___ easier to meet people in the U.S. than in other countries. They may just come up and introduce themselves or even invite you over ____9__D_ they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be _C___10___. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just __A__11____ a good time. Just like anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends __A__12____ people in the U.S.. 　　If and when you ___D__13____ American friends, they will probably _D___14____ introducing you to their friends and family, and if they seem proud ___A__15____ you, it’s probably because they are. Relax and enjoy it! 文章(51~65) A) have never been B) have been never C) has never been D) has been never

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考题 The Progressive Movement wanted to（）in order to stop big business control.A、initiate strict government regulationB、have the government to fix pricesC、break up all the big businessesD、do away with rebates

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考题问答题Practice 1　　Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a comer: no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. An English wit, pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On entering a railway compartment, shake hands with all the passengers.” Needless to say; he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.　　It is a well-known fact that the English have an obsession with their weather and that, given half a chance, they will talk about it at length. Some people argue that it is because English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and speculation to everyone. This may be so. If a foreigner wants to start a conversation with an Englishman (or woman) but is at a loss to know where to begin, he could-do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will provoke an answer from even the most reserved of Englishmen.

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考题问答题Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. They are prepared too take the initiative, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They will take any sort of job anywhere rather than be unemployed. They do not care to be looked after by the government. The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working life.

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考题单选题The towel experiment shows that _____.A we should appeal to more people to be ethical consumersB the influence of ethical consumers is increasingly on the riseC fair working conditions has become the core value in societyD fair working conditions should be encouraged even at some cost

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考题单选题He is one of those men who, I am sure, always do ______ best even in most trying circumstances.A themB hisC theirD one’s

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考题单选题When do Americans prefer to use their family names?A When they are working.B When writing a business letter.C They use their family names on formal occasions.D When they are in trouble

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考题问答题Practice 2　　The British are the most voracious newspaper readers in the world. They read newspapers at breakfast; they walk to the bus reading a newspaper; they read a newspaper on the bus, as they go to work; and on the way back home, after work, they are engrossed in an evening newspaper. There are many “morning papers”, both national and provincial. The most famous is The Times. Contrary to what many foreigners believe, this is not a government newspaper. The various newspapers usually have their own views on politics, but they are not organs of the political parties, with the exception of the Communist Morning Star.　　Bold headlines and a variety of photographs are features of the British press. Some newspapers, such as the sober Daily Telegraph and The Times (which belong to the “quality press’’) use photographs sparingly. The more “popular” newspapers, using the small or “tabloid” format, such as the Daily Express, the Daily Mail, the Daily Mirror and The Sun, use pictures extensively and also run strip-cartoons and humorous drawings, some of which present striking pictorial comment on politics.　　Besides offering features common to newspapers all over the world, British newspapers specialize in pages devoted to criticism of the arts and a woman’s page. One feature found in many foreign newspapers is missing in British papers: the serial.　　Nearly all papers pay special attention to the reporting of sport and athletics. The evening newspapers (the first editions of which appear in the morning!) are often bought because the purchaser wants to know the winner of a race, or to get a good tip for a race that is still to be run.　　There is no censorship of the press in Britain (except in wartime), though of course all newspapers-like private persons-are responsible for what they publish, and be sued for libel for publishing articles that go beyond the bounds of decency, or for “contempt for court” (e. g. calling man a murderer while he is still being tried). Such lawsuits are infrequent.　　The population of the United Kingdom is now over 55,000,000. About 17,500,000 newspapers are sold every day. The British people, therefore, are great readers of newspapers. There are few homes to which one newspaper is not delivered every morning. Many households have two, or even three, newspapers every day. One newspaper may be delivered at the house, a member of the family may buy one at the station bookstall to read in the train as he goes to town, and someone else in the family may buy an evening newspaper later in the day.

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考题问答题Almost all Americans want to be democratic, but many Americans are confused about what, exactly, democracy means. How do you know when someone is acting in a democratic or an undemocratic way? Recently several groups have spoken out with particular bitterness against the kind of democracy that means equal opportunity for all, regardless of race or national origin. They act as if all human beings did not belong to one species, as if some races of mankind were inferior to others in their capacity to learn what members of other races know and have invented. Other extremists attack religious groups—Jews or Catholics--or deny the right of an individual to be an agnostic. One reason that these extremists, who explicitly do not want to be democratic, can get a hearing even though their views run counter to the Constitution and our traditional values is that people who do want to be democratic are frequently muddled.

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考题问答题Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.

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考题单选题If you do not know the subject, you will not understand what is said or written, even if English is your mother （） what is said or written.A speakingB languageC sayingD tongue

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