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Passage 2 Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors: mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make 1 the manufacture of more goods with 2 workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called “the Second 3 Revolution. Labor’s concern 4 automation 5 from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has 6 the view that 7 to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, 8 and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, 9 , there will be major shifts in jobs within plants, and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in 10 this transition with a 11 of inconvenience and distress 12 workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower cost by automation should be shared by workers in the 13 of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards. To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the 14 of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in a SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong 15 for planning new installation so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiting that permanently. 16 -off workers be paid a sum of money based on 17 of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls 18 wage increases based on increased in 19 . It is probable, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the 20 of automation.1. A. possible B. probable C. necessary D. acceptable2. A. few B. fewer C. many D. more3. A. Automation B. Industrial C. Industrialized D. Industrious4. A. in B. upon C. over D. with5. A. rises B. arises C. arouses D. evokes6. A. taken B. got C. gained D. used7. A. struggle B. resistance C. objection D. unfavor8. A. conserving B. storing C. maintaining D. preserving9. A. however B. somehow C. nevertheless D. conversely10. A. bringing about B. bringing out C. reduction D. limitation12. A. for B. upon C. about D. to13. A. term B. approach C. access D. from14. A. promotion B. support C. decrease D. discouragement15. A. encouragement B. stimulation C. incentive D. interest16. A. lain B. lay C. lied D. laid17. A. span B. term C. length D. period18. A. at B. on C. up D. for19. A. production B. productivity C. industry D. manufacture20. A. results B. fruits C. consequences D. essence
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更多 “问答题Passage 2 Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors: mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make 1 the manufacture of more goods with 2 workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called “the Second 3 Revolution. Labor’s concern 4 automation 5 from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has 6 the view that 7 to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, 8 and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, 9 , there will be major shifts in jobs within plants, and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in 10 this transition with a 11 of inconvenience and distress 12 workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower cost by automation should be shared by workers in the 13 of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards. To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the 14 of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in a SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong 15 for planning new installation so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiting that permanently. 16 -off workers be paid a sum of money based on 17 of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls 18 wage increases based on increased in 19 . It is probable, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the 20 of automation.1. A. possible B. probable C. necessary D. acceptable2. A. few B. fewer C. many D. more3. A. Automation B. Industrial C. Industrialized D. Industrious4. A. in B. upon C. over D. with5. A. rises B. arises C. arouses D. evokes6. A. taken B. got C. gained D. used7. A. struggle B. resistance C. objection D. unfavor8. A. conserving B. storing C. maintaining D. preserving9. A. however B. somehow C. nevertheless D. conversely10. A. bringing about B. bringing out C. reduction D. limitation12. A. for B. upon C. about D. to13. A. term B. approach C. access D. from14. A. promotion B. support C. decrease D. discouragement15. A. encouragement B. stimulation C. incentive D. interest16. A. lain B. lay C. lied D. laid17. A. span B. term C. length D. period18. A. at B. on C. up D. for19. A. production B. productivity C. industry D. manufacture20. A. results B. fruits C. consequences D. essence” 相关考题
考题
A good habit can make our mental health in with physical health.
A.concernB.connectionC.compareD.tune
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What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?A. The more goods the better.B. The more "luxury" items the better.C. The more mental satisfaction the better.D. The more earnings the better.
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One study conducted by a psychologist(121)of interviewing workers before and after the installation of a robot. The robot was used to control a matching process of stamping and assembling metal parts. Prior to installation, much of the work done by skilled machinists. After installation, the robot did the work, but the workers controlled the robot through the robot through a control panel. The results of the study indicated that the workers praised the robot(122)eliminating the physical labor and fatigue(123)the manual operation, but complained of more and continued stress. Prior to installation of the robot, there was time for talking or short periods of relaxation between jobs. Now, however, because of the speed of the robot, there was a need for constant scanning and monitoring of the operation(124)performed by the robot has the installation of the robot created a better work environment? Has the change from physical labor to mental stress resulted in an improved(125)of life? Much additional research is necessary.A．OfB．consistedC．forD．being
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was designed many years ago，with a goal in mind：transmitting the human voice in a more-or-less recognizable form．A．DWDMB．PSTNC．internetD．WLAN
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Scope , complexity ,and scale of even a single 5G netwoork are massively largherthan in today's networks .The main challenge is automation on all levels of the 5G eco system.without it , the network s
Scope , complexity ,and scale of even a single 5G netwoork are massively largherthan in todays networks .The main challenge is automation on all levels of the 5G eco system.without it , the network simply will not work; nei ther for the anticipated scale nor for the desired functional complexity .Fundamentally , automation is realized bya largely self-governed network bound to varying business goals : ifs configuration , its services , how they are provided , and how it is managed . A governance model , ideally realized by policies , defines how these goals are implenented andmoni tored . Those policies can be low-level confi gurati on parameters , mid -level strategies or high-level intents and goals . Using a mix of these -policies implies translation between : top-down for realization and bottom-up for action / benefit and validation purposes .Networks and models must address multiple , diverse constituencies . Human intervention should be kept to a minimum ( oversight ) . Managenment means monitoring and repair ; not control . Classic self capabilities are the benefits1.The main challenge is ( )on all levels of the 5G eco-systemA．rateB.dataC.automationD.managemont2.A ( ) model , ideally realized by policies , defines how these goals are implemented and monitoredA．govermentB.governanceC.automationD.automatic3.Human intorvention should be kepe on to a()A．minimumB.monitoringC.repairD.control4.The main idea of this shot article is()A． the main challenge of 5GB. the compexity of 5G networkC. a automation modelD. human intervention
考题
Equal power factors on paralleled AC generators are maintained by an automatic ________.A.governor control switchB.reverse power relayC.reverse current relayD.voltage regulator
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第二篇Human and the EarthIn terms of the evolution of life on Earth,human beings have just arrived.Despite their shori time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet一changes far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.People have more control over their surroundings than any other species on Earth.With the combination of intelligence and manual skill(allowing us to make and use tools),people have found ways to use plant and animal resources,mineral ores,fuels,and many other materials and resources from the Earth.As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly difficult for the population to survive on the resources of the land.The amount of land is limited.Although agricultural production can be increased by use of machinery such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer,the land ultimately can produce only so much food and no more.As the human population grows,people consume more.Clearly,some locations on Earth already have too many people;in many of these areas,future increases will surely bring about more poverty and suffering. Yet people in rich nations use proportionally far more of the available resources than people in poorer nations.As they consume these resources without restraint,they also waste large amounts of them.People are only a very small fraction of all the living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a drain on resources that can't be renewed.For example,the amount of water on Earth is limited,this water is cleaned through natural processes.However,the natural processes for filtering water can clean only a certain amount of water by removing the pollution.Likewise,a limited amount of petroleum can be found under the Earth's surface.Petroleum is a valuable resource.Should people use it up to manufacture petrol for automobiles?As people work to control the planet and make life comfortable,are they using up resources that are needed for their survival?Who use more available resources according to the passage?A:Rich people on Earth. B:Poor people on Earth.C:People in developed countries. D:People in developing countries.
考题
Our factory is much more productive now. This year’s production is five times as much （） it was ten years ago.AwhatBasCthatDthan
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单选题The author of Passage 1 refers to the hunter-gatherer primarily to suggest that ______.A
human history is more violent than we are inclined to acknowledgeB
our human ancestors were more focused on acquiring food than on establishing social structuresC
the human faculty of intuition has evolved considerably since the time of our ancient ancestorsD
even our earliest ancestors were highly introspectiveE
human cognition developed to serve immediate survival needs
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问答题Passage 2 ● Read this text about information-oriented society. ● Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps. ● For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet. ● Do not use any letter more than once. ● There is an example at the beginning (0).New Developments for an Information—Oriented Society The astounding technological progress that is being achieved recently with electronics as the center—piece is providing our society with sophisticated means for information processing and distribution. Information channeling technology is undergoing rapid progress and has, in reality, become a decisive factor determining the very future of our society and economy. Backed by civilian factors such as diversification of philosophies of value and sophistication of needs and preferences in concert with the nation’s rising living standard, Japanese society is presently undergoing changes in the extension of economic services and in the industrial structure. Meanwhile, newly coined words such as “information channeling,” ,“software-based operations” and “de-industrialization” have come into use to make these changes tangible, and what can be said commonly in connection with these words in that.(9)______ The trend toward and information-oriented society is becoming apparent even in industry, with personnel engaged in information channeling professions increasing at a fast pace recently in all sectors of industry. These trends in both society and industry have been made possible primarily through poplar acceptance of the computer, communications equipment and data processing equipment, but further reliance on sophisticated computerized systems can be seen not only in the sector of industry but also in our daily lives.(10)______ Information channeling is undergoing remarkable progress in various sectors of society—in industrial activities, public services and, more recently, in daily living. In the sector of industrial activities, automations is continuing with the aim of increasing productivity—introduction of computers for process control by the manufacturing industry, and introduction of no machine tools, industrial robots, CAD／CAM systems and, more recently, FMS by the processing and assembling industries. Meanwhile, in offices, rapid office automation is presently in progress, stimulated by the popular acceptance of computerized systems, expansion of communications networks and the remarkable technological progress achieved in related equipment such as Japanese word processors. (11)______ Information channeling is being utilized actively in the field of public services. For example, large-capacity computers were introduced from an early stage for the control of railway trains and for extending seat reservation services, and more recently diagnostic systems utilizing computers have become commonplace in medical care to cope with the steady an aging society, research is in progress to develop technologies related to medical information systems with the aim of improving efficiency in medical services. (12)______ In the sector of administration, efficiency of clerical work is being improved through the introduction of computers, and huge volumes of administrative data are more recently being stored in data base systems. In the wake of these, computers have become indispensable for advancing large-scale RD projects as in connection with space development and atomic power development, and also in the field of basic research in life sciences.(13)______ To cope with civilian needs for more convenience in home living and in order to meet the needs raised by growing diversification of lifestyles, active research is presently in progress to develop and commercialize new media incorporating sophisticated data processing functions for use in addition to existing media involving the television, radio and telephone. In concert, research is being directed at developing technologies related to automation in the home. Progress of Science and Technology Supporting Information Channeling Electronic element technology, the foundation for progress of the computer as well as communications equipment, has undergone a steady transition form the vacuum tube, followed with the transistor and IC, to the current LSl. Progress has been so dramatic in integration rotes that, today, super LSIs integrating more than l00, 00 elements on a single circuit are being developed one after another elements on a single circuit are being developed one after another. (14)______ A. The Current State of Information Channeling in Japan. B. In our society, “information” is gaining relatively greater significance compared with material resources. C. Rapid automation and efficiency improvement are also being achieved in the sector of commodity distribution through the introduction of advanced POS systems. D. Daily living is also a sector in which information channeling is taking firm root E. This progress has led to remarkable improvements in system economy and reliability, leading to the successive development of microcomputers and elements designed for the widest range of applications. F. Introduction of Information Systems in Various Sectors of Society. G. This has resulted in computers today that feature performances that were unimaginable in the early days of the computer. H. Regarding education, computerized systems including the CAI system and CMI system are presently being put to trial operation.
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单选题In describing basic diesel engine operation，the term ‘event’ refers to （）A
the production of high pressure gasesB
the removal of expended combustion gasesC
the admission of air to the cylinderD
all of the above
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单选题According to this passage, which of the following statements is FALSE?A
Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.B
Comfortable clothes make employees more productive.C
A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees.D
All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.
考题
单选题Passage1Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise."Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.What is the passage mainly about?A
It describes the reasons people watch television.B
It reports the findings of a scientific study.C
It discusses ways to improve children's physical health.D
It advises parents on raising their children.
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单选题In this passage, the author tells us _____.A
how to make the workers more productiveB
impossible factors leading to greater efficiencyC
to what extent more money leads to greater productivityD
how to make workers’ jobs more interesting
考题
单选题Our factory is much more productive now. This year’s production is five times as much （） it was ten years ago.A
whatB
asC
thatD
than
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单选题Which of the following is true about mental health and physical health?A
Mental health is better than physical health.B
Neither is of great significance.C
Both are equally important.D
Physical health counts more than mental health.
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单选题Passage1Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise."Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.How can children improve mental health according to the passage？A
By limiting TV and computer use to less than two hours a day.B
By getting more physical exercise.C
By playing more educational computer games.D
By going to bed earlier each night.
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单选题Passage 2 indicates that Costanza himself considers the true value of the world's ecosys- tems to be ______.A
a subject more for psychologists than economistsB
impossible to determineC
likely greater than his estimateD
independent of the value of human emotionsE
roughly equal to the value of the gross national product of the United States1
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单选题Equal power factors on paralleled AC generators are maintained by an automatic （）.A
voltage regulatorB
reverse power relayC
reverse current relayD
governor control switch
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单选题______, the new electronic device they designed is now in regular operation.A
With the solved problemB
With this problem being solvedC
With the problem solvedD
With this problem to solve
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单选题According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A
Transporting goods and people is the most important technology in the history of mankind.B
Technology in transporting goods and people has changed human conditions more than anything else.C
Technology in spreading information has changed human conditions more than transportation technology.D
Technology in spreading information can’t change the economic development of society.
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单选题This arrangement is （） if the elements are directly connected to one another and the control action takes place without human involvement.A
a manual closed loopB
a manual opened loopC
an automatic closed loopD
an automatic opened loop
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单选题According to the passage, we may infer that in the future______.A
less and less students will go to university to avoid confronting mental-health problems.B
more and more students will go to university to find ways to make universities less tough.C
undergraduates will have no choice but to continue to suffer from mental-health problems in silence.D
undergraduates are supposed to find ways to let mental suffering out with psychological counselors’ help.
考题
单选题Passage1Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，"I generally play alone or keep to myself" and，"I am often unhappy or tearful".They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise."Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.Which of the children behavior below leads to the highest risk of the mental problems, according to the University of Bristol study?A
Playing computer every day.B
Watching TV 3 hours per day.C
Doing few physical activities.D
Owning few friends.
考题
单选题Passage1Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，I generally play alone or keep to myself and，I am often unhappy or tearful.They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise.Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.How did the researchers carry out the study?A
By reviewing children's records online.B
By interviewing children's parents.C
By watching children in their home.D
By asking children questions.
考题
单选题A recent study of an insurance company’s underwriters indicated that those who worked in pleasant physical surroundings were 25 percent more productive than their peers in unpleasant physical surroundings. Objective criteria for evaluating job performance included caseload and complexity of cases. This shows that improving workers’ environments increases those workers’ productivity. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?A
On average, less-productive employees spend no fewer hours per day at their workstations than do their more-productive peers.B
Unpleasant surroundings give employees less motivation to work hard than more pleasant surroundings do.C
The more-productive employees are generally rewarded with pleasant office space.D
More-productive employees do not work any more hours than their less-productive peers.E
Peer pressure discourages employees in crowded, unpleasant surroundings from making phone calls to their own family members during work time.
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填空题Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.____
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