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［A］ As more has become known of the many thousands of African plant species and their complex ecology, naming, classification, and mapping have also become more particular, stressing what was actually present rather than postulating about climatic potential.
［B］ In regions of higher rainfall, such as eastern Africa, savanna vegetation is maintained by periodic fires. Consuming dry grass at the end of the rainy season, the fires burn back the forest vegetation, check the invasion of trees and shrubs, and stimulate new grass growth.
［C］ Once, as with the scientific treatment of African soils, a much greater uniformity was attributed to the vegetation than would have been generally accepted in the same period for treatments of the lands of western Europe or the United States.
［D］ The vegetational map of Africa and general vegetation groupings used here follow the White map and its extensive annotations.
［E］ African vegetation zones are closely linked to climatic zones, with the same zones occurring both north and south of the equator in broadly similar patterns. As with climatic zones, differences in the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation constitute the most important influence on the development of vegetation.
［F］ Nevertheless, in broad terms, climate remains the dominant control over vegetation. Zonal belts of precipitation, reflection latitude and contrasting exposure to the Atlantic and Indian oceans and their currents, give some reality to related belts of vegetation.
［G］ The span of human occupation in Africa is believed to exceed that of any other continent. All the resultant activities have tended, on balance, to reduce tree cover and increase grassland; but there has been considerable dispute among scholars concerning the natural versus human-caused development of most African grasslands at the regional level.
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更多 “ ［A］ As more has become known of the many thousands of African plant species and their complex ecology, naming, classification, and mapping have also become more particular, stressing what was actually present rather than postulating about climatic potential.［B］ In regions of higher rainfall, such as eastern Africa, savanna vegetation is maintained by periodic fires. Consuming dry grass at the end of the rainy season, the fires burn back the forest vegetation, check the invasion of trees and shrubs, and stimulate new grass growth.［C］ Once, as with the scientific treatment of African soils, a much greater uniformity was attributed to the vegetation than would have been generally accepted in the same period for treatments of the lands of western Europe or the United States.［D］ The vegetational map of Africa and general vegetation groupings used here follow the White map and its extensive annotations.［E］ African vegetation zones are closely linked to climatic zones, with the same zones occurring both north and south of the equator in broadly similar patterns. As with climatic zones, differences in the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation constitute the most important influence on the development of vegetation.［F］ Nevertheless, in broad terms, climate remains the dominant control over vegetation. Zonal belts of precipitation, reflection latitude and contrasting exposure to the Atlantic and Indian oceans and their currents, give some reality to related belts of vegetation.［G］ The span of human occupation in Africa is believed to exceed that of any other continent. All the resultant activities have tended, on balance, to reduce tree cover and increase grassland; but there has been considerable dispute among scholars concerning the natural versus human-caused development of most African grasslands at the regional level. ” 相关考题
考题
"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant—may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered. " Says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as 30%. " Pfenninger says."I'm extremely surprised by their results. " Says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. "Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences. In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with. " Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?A．The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.B．The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.C．The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.D．The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "
考题
Today in Hollywood ______.A. more television films are producedB. man-made fighting has completely taken the place of natural lightC. few films are taken for the cinemaD. oil production has become more important than the film industry
考题
Prehistoric men and women enjoyed a more varied diet(饮食)than people do now, since they ate species(种类)of plant and several hundred thousand types of living things. But only a tiny percentage of these were ever domesticated(驯化). Modern shops have hastened a trend towards specialization which began in the earliest days of agriculture. The food of rich countries has become cheaper relative to wages. It is speedily distributed in supermarkets, but the choice annually becomes less and less great. Even individual foods themselves become more standardized. We live in the world of the carrot specially blunted in order to avoid making a hole in the bag, and the tomato grown to meet a demand for a standard weight of eighteen tomatoes to a kilo. Siri von Reis Altschul asks: "Only the tree major cereals(谷物)and perhaps ten other widely cultivated species stand between famine and survival for the world's human population and a handful of drug plants has served Western civilization for several thousand years. A rather obvious question arises: are we missing something?" After all, there are 800,000 species of plant on earth.1. In prehistoric times people _____.A. ate much more than we do todayB. lived mainly on plant foodC. had a wide-ranging dietD. were more fussy about what they ate2. Most of us have come to expect _____.A. no variation in our dietB. a reduction in food suppliesC. a specialist dietD. food conforming to a set standard3. The specialization of food was started by _____.A. the emergence of supermarketsB. the rise of agricultureC. the rich countriesD. the modern shops4. According to the passage, people in the West today survive on _____.A. carrots and tomatoesB. several thousand types of plants and cerealsC. a very small number of cultivated foodsD. special species planted one thousand years age5. The conclusion seems to be that we _____.A. could make use of more natural speciesB. don't cultivate the right kind of foodC. produce more food than we needD. cultivate too many different species
考题
Prehistoric men and women enjoyed a more varied diet than people do now, since they ate species of plant and several hundreds thousands types of living things. But only a tiny percentage of these were ever domesticated. Modern shops have hastened a trend towards specialization which began in the earliest days of agriculture. The food of the rich countries has become cheaper relative to wages. It is speedily distributed in supermarkets. But the choice annually becomes less and less great. Even individual foods themselves become more standardized. We live in the world of carrot specially blunted in order to avoid making a hole in the bag, and the tomato grown to meet a demand for a standard weight of weighting tomatoes to a kilo. Siri von Reis asks: "Only the three major cereals (谷物类食物) and perhaps ten other widely cultivated species stand between famine and survival for the world's human population and a handful of drug plants has served Western civilization for several thousand years. A rather obvious question arises: Are we missing something?" After all, there are 800 000 species of plant on earth.1、In prehistoric times people____.A、ate much more than we do todayB、lived mainly on plant foodC、had a wide-ranging dietD、were more fussy about what they ate2、Most of us have come to expect____.A、no variation in our dietB、a reduction in food suppliesC、a specialist dietD、food conforming to a set standard3、The specialization of food was started by____.A、the emergence of supermarketsB、the rise of agricultureC、the rich countriesD、the modern shops4、According to the passage, people in the West today survive on____.A、carrots and tomatoesB、several thousand types of plants and cerealsC、a very small number of cultivated foodsD、special species planted one thousand years ago5、The conclusion seems to be that we____.A、could make use of more natural speciesB、don't cultivate the right kind of foodC、produce more food than we needD、cultivate too many different species
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Disciplined actions — less drinking, and more exercise have gradually become my lifestyle. rather than hard work. (翻译)
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I t can be inferred from the passage that in the writer’s opinion, .A. people waste too much money on camerasB. cameras have become an important part of our daily lifeC. we don’t actually need so many choices when buying a productD. famous companies care more about profit than quality
考题
The fact that it has become more onerous or more expensive for one party than he thought ______ sufficient to bring about a frustration．A.is notB.isC.will probably beD.is one of the way by which it is
考题
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
One of the factors that tend to promote social change is__________.A.joint interest
B.different points of view
C.less emotional people
D.advanced technology
考题
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
?The expression "greater tolerance" (Para. 1) refers to__________.A.greater willingness to accept social change
B.quicker adaptation to changing circumstances
C.more respect for different beliefs and behavior
D.greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas
考题
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
?Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because__________.A.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change
B.people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty
C.people there are easy to please
D.people there are less disputed
考题
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.
B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.
C.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.
考题
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
The passage is mainly discussing__________.A.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
B.certain factors that promote social change
C.the necessity of social change
D.two different societies
考题
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways． The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society． There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs． In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies． All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision． In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seetns to be the same． And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed．
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic mad less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites ; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements．
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual． For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference． This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts．
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．
A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．
B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change．
C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society．
D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young．
考题
根据下列内容，回答206-210题。
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds ofpeople than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is thatthere are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There aremore ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with differentbeliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixedsocieties. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people tosee the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And althoughconditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily inthe material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather thanin values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the lessbasic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements ratherthan in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable tothe culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily inhuman relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason whychange has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
The passage is mainly discussing__________.A.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
B.certain factors that promote social change
C.the necessity of social change
D.two different societies
考题
Some college students drink too much alcohol at school．Many of them live on the campus．Heavy drinking has caused many problems．It can cause students to make bad choices and do dangerous things.
One college has decided to ban alcohol．It has gotten a reputation as a party school．Five students at the college have died from drinking too much alcohol．Recently,one student drank too much vodka．He slipped into a coma．The college hopes the new rule will prevent any more tragedies.
The new rule prohibits students from drinking alcohol in the dorms．The first time a student breaks the rule they will receive a warning．If they break the rule again,they will be evicted from the dorm．However,they will still have to pay for the dorm．Some students do not live on the campus．They live in houses near the campus．Those students are also banned from drinking alcohol,even if they are of legal age.
Freshmen at the college are now required to take a special course．The course is called AlcoholEdu,and lasts for two and a half hours．The students learn about the dangers of alcohol．They also take a survey to find out how much they know about alcohol．All first-year students must pass the course.
The college hopes that more information will help students make better choices．
What has the college become known for?A.It's known for its lack of heavy drinking by student
B.It's known for heavy alcohol used by student
C.It's known for its great teacher
D.It's known for its great classe
考题
共用题干
The Day a Language DiedWhen Carios Westez died at the age of 76,a language died,too.Westez,more commonly known asRed Thunder Cloud,was the last speaker of the Native American language,Catawba.Anyone who wants to hear various songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington,D.C.,where,back in the 1940s,Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.______(46)They are all that is left of the Catawba language.The language that.people used to speak is gone forever.We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world's ecology（生态）.However, few people are aware of the impact that widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world.Chinese,Spanish,Russian,and Hindi have become powerful langua- ges,as well.______(47)When this happens,hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few peo- pie die out.Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world,but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years.There are many examples.Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu,located in the Pacific Ocean.It is spoken by only a few older adults,so like Catawba,Araki will soon disappear.Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.______(48)In the Americas,100 languages,each of which has fewer than 300 speakers,also are dying out.Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do some-thing about it.He was not actually born into the Catawba.tribe,and the language was not his mother tongue.______(49)The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular.Now he is gone,and the language is dead.What does it mean when a language disappears?When a plant or insect or animal species dies,it is easy to understand what we've lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural world.However,language is only a product of the mind.To be the last remaining speaker of a language,like Red Thunder Cloud,must be a lonely destiny,almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species.______(50)______(46)A:As these languages become more powerful,their use as tools of business and culture increases.B:For the rest of us,when a language dies,we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.C:These languages don't have many native speakers.D:However,he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina,where he learned the language.E:Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages,but more than 100 of them are ir danger of extinction（灭绝）.F:Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.
考题
共用题干
The Tough Grass That Sweetens Our LivesSugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose（蔗糖） and was chewed on for its sweet taste.Over time,sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant,grown throughout the world.___________(46)Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things , from confectionery（糖果点心）to medicine, and,as the demand for sugar grew,the industry became larger and more profitable.________(47)Many crops withered（枯萎）and died,despite growers'attempts to save them,and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.In the 1960s,scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease.They experimented with breeding programmes,mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane,which tends to be tougher,with genes from the more delicate,commercial type. ________(48)This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially,but when this happens,it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.__________(49)Brazil,which produces one quarter of the world's sugar,has coordinated an interna-tional project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo.Teamsof experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.Despite all the research,however,we still do not fully understand how the genes act in sugar cane._________(50)This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust,a disease which probably originated in India,but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world.Scientists believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust._________（46）A:Eventually,a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before,but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.B:Unfortunately,however,the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.C: One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D, Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.D:The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.E:Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.F: Since the 1960s,scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane'S genetic code.
考题
Directions: Nowadays, with thedevelopment of technology, e-books have become more and more frequent. Somepeople believe that e-books will replace traditional books. What is your opinion?Please write a composition entitled "Will E-books Replace TraditionalBooks?" in English within 180 words, but no less than 150 words.
考题
共用题干
The Day a Language DiedWhen Carlos Westez died at the age of 76,a language died,too.Westez,more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud , was the last speaker of the Native American language , Catawba.Anyone who wants to hear various songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington,D.C.,where ,back in the 1940s,Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations._______ (46)They are all that is left of the Catawba language.The language that people used to speak is gone forever.We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world's ecology(生态).However,few people are aware of the impact that widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life.English has spread all over the world.Chinese,Spanish,Russian,and Hindi have become powerful languages,as well.______(47) When this happens,hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few people die out.Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world,but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years.There are many examples.Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu ,located in the Pacific Ocean.It is spoken by only a few older adults , so like Catawba , Araki will soon disappear.Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.________ (48) In the Americas,100 languages,each of which has fewer than 300 speakers,also are dying out.Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it.He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe , and the language was not his mother tongue._______(49) The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular.Now he is gone and the language is dead.What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plant or insect or animal species dies , it is easy to understand what we ' ve lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural world.However , language is only a product of the mind.To be the last remaining speaker of a language , like Red Thunder Cloud , must be a lonely destiny , almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species._________(50)________(49)A:Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.B:Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages , but more than 100 of them are in,danger of extinction(灭绝).C:However , he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina , where he learned the language.D:These languages don ' t have many native speakers.E:For the rest of us,when a language dies , we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.F:As these languages become more powerful , their use as tools of business and culture increases.
考题
It is widely accepted that English is the global language of modern times.
About three decades ago,French was recognized as the language of diplomacy（外交）,and German was considered the language of science and technology.English now dominates（主导）not only as the language of science but also diplomacy,computing,and tourism.Today,in terms of native speakers,Mandarin Chinese is the world′s
largest language.
Yet there are people who believe that China will become the most powerful country in the world.Some have?even fixed the date as early as the year 2020.At present,while English is more widely spoken than any other?language,there are more people who speak Chinese than English due to the large population in China alone.If China?does become a world power,there is no doubt that this language will spread worldwide.
As the controversy over which language will become dominant in the world continues,there are many who feel?that the dominance of English is unique and irreversible（不可逆的）.However,a separate study from David Graddol′s suggests that English′s dominance in the scientific area will continue.There is also an argument that the?English language would be changed greatly by 2020 for various reasons.With the possibility of China rising as a?world power,Mandarin could definitely challenge the dominance of English as a global language.
Which language has the largest population of native speakers?A.Chinese.
B.English.
C.German.
D.French.
考题
It is widely accepted that English is the global language of modern times.
About three decades ago,French was recognized as the language of diplomacy（外交）,and German was considered the language of science and technology.English now dominates（主导）not only as the language of science but also diplomacy,computing,and tourism.Today,in terms of native speakers,Mandarin Chinese is the world′s
largest language.
Yet there are people who believe that China will become the most powerful country in the world.Some have?even fixed the date as early as the year 2020.At present,while English is more widely spoken than any other?language,there are more people who speak Chinese than English due to the large population in China alone.If China?does become a world power,there is no doubt that this language will spread worldwide.
As the controversy over which language will become dominant in the world continues,there are many who feel?that the dominance of English is unique and irreversible（不可逆的）.However,a separate study from David Graddol′s suggests that English′s dominance in the scientific area will continue.There is also an argument that the?English language would be changed greatly by 2020 for various reasons.With the possibility of China rising as a?world power,Mandarin could definitely challenge the dominance of English as a global language.
The author says that Chinese is expected to spread worldwide if__________.A.China becomes a real world power
B.China has a larger population
C.China has the modern technology
D.more tourists come to China
考题
It is widely accepted that English is the global language of modern times.
About three decades ago,French was recognized as the language of diplomacy（外交）,and German was considered the language of science and technology.English now dominates（主导）not only as the language of science but also diplomacy,computing,and tourism.Today,in terms of native speakers,Mandarin Chinese is the world′s
largest language.
Yet there are people who believe that China will become the most powerful country in the world.Some have?even fixed the date as early as the year 2020.At present,while English is more widely spoken than any other?language,there are more people who speak Chinese than English due to the large population in China alone.If China?does become a world power,there is no doubt that this language will spread worldwide.
As the controversy over which language will become dominant in the world continues,there are many who feel?that the dominance of English is unique and irreversible（不可逆的）.However,a separate study from David Graddol′s suggests that English′s dominance in the scientific area will continue.There is also an argument that the?English language would be changed greatly by 2020 for various reasons.With the possibility of China rising as a?world power,Mandarin could definitely challenge the dominance of English as a global language.
What does controversy in the last paragraph probably mean?A.Plan.
B.Argument.
C.Conditoin.
D.Goal.
考题
单选题The fact that it has become more onerous or more expensive for one party than he thought （）sufficient to bring about a frustration.A
is notB
isC
will probably beD
is one of the way by which it is
考题
问答题Practice 1 Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. 1______ 2______People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? 3______They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible(可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. 4______Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. 5______Though they are long lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.[A] For this reason, more and more factories begin to give out uniforms to workers.[B] Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?[C] Uniform also have many practical benefits.[D] Uniform is also an indication of people’s position.[E] Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes.[F] Primary among the arguments against uniforms are their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.[G] Uniform also give rise to some practical problems.
考题
问答题Practice 2 Until recently, scientists knew little about life in the deep sea, nor had they reason to believe that it was being threatened. Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters. At the same time, however, technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in some cases thousands of years to build. Many of the world's coral species, for example, are found at depths of more than 200 meters. It is also estimated that roughly half of the world's highest seamounts - areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life - are also found in the deep ocean. These deep sea ecosystems provide shelter, spawning and breeding areas for fish and other creatures, as well as protection from strong currents and predators. Moreover, they are believed to harbor some of the most extensive reservoirs of life on earth, with estimates ranging from 500,000 to 100 million species inhabiting these largely unexplored and highly fragile ecosystems.
考题
单选题The author suggests which of the following about art historians?A
They do not believe that illusionist tricks have become trivial.B
They generally spend little time studying contemporary artists.C
They have not given enough consideration to how the representation of nature has become commonplace.D
They generally tend to argue about theories rather than address substantive issues.
考题
单选题What has become more serious and urgent in China than elsewhere in East Asia?A
Economic structural reforms.B
Unemployment and domestic demand.C
Capital outflow,D
Private consumption and investment.
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