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(ii) Explain why the disclosure of voluntary information in annual reports can enhance the company’s
accountability to equity investors. (4 marks)
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6 The accountant communicates information to others in reports and statements. Understanding the nature andimportance of communication is therefore an important part of the accountant’s role.Required:(a) Explain the importance of good communication. (5 marks)
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(b) Determine whether the factoring company’s offer can be recommended on financial grounds. Assume aworking year of 365 days and base your analysis on financial information for 2006. (8 marks)
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(b) Assuming that the cost of equity and cost of debt do not alter, estimate the effect of the share repurchase on the company’s cost of capital and value. (5 marks)
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(ii) why the ‘fair value option’ was initially introduced and why it has caused such concern. (5 marks)
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(ii) Explain the accounting treatment under IAS39 of the loan to Bromwich in the financial statements ofAmbush for the year ended 30 November 2005. (4 marks)
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4 Whilst acknowledging the importance of high quality corporate reporting, the recommendations to improve it aresometimes questioned on the basis that the marketplace for capital can determine the nature and quality of corporatereporting. It could be argued that additional accounting and disclosure standards would only distort a marketmechanism that already works well and would add costs to the reporting mechanism, with no apparent benefit. Itcould be said that accounting standards create costly, inefficient, and unnecessary regulation. It could be argued thatincreased disclosure reduces risks and offers a degree of protection to users. However, increased disclosure has severalcosts to the preparer of financial statements.Required:(a) Explain why accounting standards are needed to help the market mechanism work effectively for the benefitof preparers and users of corporate reports. (9 marks)
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4 (a) A company may choose to finance its activities mainly by equity capital, with low borrowings (low gearing) or byrelying on high borrowings with relatively low equity capital (high gearing).Required:Explain why a highly geared company is generally more risky from an investor’s point of view than a companywith low gearing. (3 marks)
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4 (a) Explain the meaning of the term ‘working capital cycle’ for a trading company. (4 marks)
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(c) Mr Cobar, the chief executive of SHC, has decided to draft two alternative statements to explain both possibleoutcomes of the secrecy/licensing decision to shareholders. Once the board has decided which one to pursue,the relevant draft will be included in a voluntary section of the next corporate annual report.Required:(i) Draft a statement in the event that the board chooses the secrecy option. It should make a convincingbusiness case and put forward ethical arguments for the secrecy option. The ethical arguments shouldbe made from the stockholder (or pristine capitalist) perspective. (8 marks)(ii) Draft a statement in the event that the board chooses the licensing option. It should make a convincingbusiness case and put forward ethical arguments for the licensing option. The ethical arguments shouldbe made from the wider stakeholder perspective. (8 marks)(iii) Professional marks for the persuasiveness and logical flow of arguments: two marks per statement.(4 marks)
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(d) Corporate annual reports contain both mandatory and voluntary disclosures.Required:(i) Distinguish, using examples, between mandatory and voluntary disclosures in the annual reports ofpublic listed companies. (6 marks)
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(b) ‘Strategic positioning’ is about the way that a company as a whole is placed in its environment and concerns its‘fit’ with the factors in its environment.With reference to the case as appropriate, explain how a code of ethics can be used as part of a company’soverall strategic positioning. (7 marks)
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(ii) Explain the ethical tensions between these roles that Anne is now experiencing. (4 marks)
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(c) Define ‘retirement by rotation’ and explain its importance in the context of Rosh and Company.(5 marks)
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(b) (i) Advise Benny of the income tax implications of the grant and exercise of the share options in SummerGlow plc on the assumption that the share price on 1 September 2007 and on the day he exercises theoptions is ￡3·35 per share. Explain why the share option scheme is not free from risk by reference tothe rules of the scheme and the circumstances surrounding the company. (4 marks)
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(ii) List the additional information required in order to calculate the employment income benefit in respectof the provision of the furnished flat for 2007/08 and advise Benny of the potential income taximplications of requesting a more centrally located flat in accordance with the company’s offer.(4 marks)
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(ii) Explain, with reasons, the relief available in respect of the fall in value of the shares in All Over plc,identify the years in which it can be claimed and state the time limit for submitting the claim.(3 marks)
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(ii) Set out the information required by Jane in connection with the administration of the company’s taxaffairs and identify any penalties that may already be payable. (3 marks)
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(ii) State the taxation implications of both equity and loan finance from the point of view of a company.(3 marks)
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(ii) Explain whether or not Carver Ltd will become a close investment-holding company as a result ofacquiring either the office building or the share portfolio and state the relevance of becoming such acompany. (2 marks)
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(ii) Explain why Galileo is able to pay the inheritance tax due in instalments, state when the instalments aredue and identify any further issues relevant to Galileo relating to the payments. (3 marks)
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4 (a) Explain the auditor’s responsibilities for other information in documents containing audited financialstatements. (5 marks)
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In relation to company law, explain:(a) the limitations on the use of company names; (4 marks)(b) the tort of ‘passing off’; (4 marks)(c) the role of the company names adjudicators under the Companies Act 2006. (2 marks)
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4 (a) ISA 701 Modifications to The Independent Auditor’s Report includes ‘suggested wording of modifying phrasesfor use when issuing modified reports’.Required:Explain and distinguish between each of the following terms:(i) ‘qualified opinion’;(ii) ‘disclaimer of opinion’;(iii) ‘emphasis of matter paragraph’. (6 marks)
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(ii) Identify and explain the principal audit procedures to be performed on the valuation of the investmentproperties. (6 marks)
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(ii) From the information provided above, recommend the matters which should be included as ‘findingsfrom the audit’ in your report to those charged with governance, and explain the reason for theirinclusion. (7 marks)
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(a) List and explain FOUR methods of selecting a sample of items to test from a population in accordance with ISA 530 (Redrafted) Audit Sampling and Other Means of Testing. (4 marks)(b) List and explain FOUR assertions from ISA 500 Audit Evidence that relate to the recording of classes oftransactions. (4 marks)(c) In terms of audit reports, explain the term ‘modified’. (2 marks)
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JJG Co is planning to raise $15 million of new finance for a major expansion of existing business and is considering a rights issue, a placing or an issue of bonds. The corporate objectives of JJG Co, as stated in its Annual Report, are to maximise the wealth of its shareholders and to achieve continuous growth in earnings per share. Recent financial information on JJG Co is as follows:Required:(a) Evaluate the financial performance of JJG Co, and analyse and discuss the extent to which the company has achieved its stated corporate objectives of:(i) maximising the wealth of its shareholders;(ii) achieving continuous growth in earnings per share.Note: up to 7 marks are available for financial analysis.(12 marks)(b) If the new finance is raised via a rights issue at $7·50 per share and the major expansion of business hasnot yet begun, calculate and comment on the effect of the rights issue on:(i) the share price of JJG Co;(ii) the earnings per share of the company; and(iii) the debt/equity ratio. (6 marks)(c) Analyse and discuss the relative merits of a rights issue, a placing and an issue of bonds as ways of raising the finance for the expansion. (7 marks)
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