(d) Additionally Router purchased 60% of the ordinary shares of a radio station, Playtime, a public limited company,on 31 May 2007. The remaining 40% of the ordinary shares are owned by a competitor company who owns asubstantial number of warrants issued by Playtime which are currently exercisable. If these warrants areexercised, they will result in Router only owning 35% of the voting shares of Playtime. (4 marks)Required:Discuss how the above items should be dealt with in the group financial statements of Router for the year ended31 May 2007.

考题 10 Which of the following factors would cause a company’s gearing ratio to fall?1 A bonus issue of ordinary shares.2 A rights issue of ordinary shares.3 An issue of loan notes.4 An upward revaluation of non-current assets.A 1 and 3B 2 and 3C 1 and 4D 2 and 4

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考题 3 The managers of Daylon plc are reviewing the company’s investment portfolio. About 15% of the portfolio is represented by a holding of 5,550,000 ordinary shares of Mondglobe plc. The managers are concerned about the effect on portfolio value if the price of Mondglobe’s shares should fall, and are considering selling the shares. Daylon’s investment bank has suggested that the risk of Mondglobe’s shares falling by more than 5% from their current value could be protected against by buying an over the counter option. The investment bank is prepared to sell an appropriate six month option to Daylon for ￡250,000.Other information:(i) The current market price of Mondglobe’s ordinary shares is 360 pence.(ii) The annual volatility (variance) of Mondglobe’s shares for the last year was 169%.(iii) The risk free rate is 4% per year.(iv) No dividend is expected to be paid by Mondglobe during the next six months.Required:(a) Evaluate whether or not the price at which the investment bank is willing to sell the option is a fair price.(10 marks)

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考题 4 Ryder, a public limited company, is reviewing certain events which have occurred since its year end of 31 October2005. The financial statements were authorised on 12 December 2005. The following events are relevant to thefinancial statements for the year ended 31 October 2005:(i) Ryder has a good record of ordinary dividend payments and has adopted a recent strategy of increasing itsdividend per share annually. For the last three years the dividend per share has increased by 5% per annum.On 20 November 2005, the board of directors proposed a dividend of 10c per share for the year ended31 October 2005. The shareholders are expected to approve it at a meeting on 10 January 2006, and adividend amount of $20 million will be paid on 20 February 2006 having been provided for in the financialstatements at 31 October 2005. The directors feel that a provision should be made because a ‘valid expectation’has been created through the company’s dividend record. (3 marks)(ii) Ryder disposed of a wholly owned subsidiary, Krup, a public limited company, on 10 December 2005 and madea loss of $9 million on the transaction in the group financial statements. As at 31 October 2005, Ryder had nointention of selling the subsidiary which was material to the group. The directors of Ryder have stated that therewere no significant events which have occurred since 31 October 2005 which could have resulted in a reductionin the value of Krup. The carrying value of the net assets and purchased goodwill of Krup at 31 October 2005were $20 million and $12 million respectively. Krup had made a loss of $2 million in the period 1 November2005 to 10 December 2005. (5 marks)(iii) Ryder acquired a wholly owned subsidiary, Metalic, a public limited company, on 21 January 2004. Theconsideration payable in respect of the acquisition of Metalic was 2 million ordinary shares of $1 of Ryder plusa further 300,000 ordinary shares if the profit of Metalic exceeded $6 million for the year ended 31 October2005. The profit for the year of Metalic was $7 million and the ordinary shares were issued on 12 November2005. The annual profits of Metalic had averaged $7 million over the last few years and, therefore, Ryder hadincluded an estimate of the contingent consideration in the cost of the acquisition at 21 January 2004. The fairvalue used for the ordinary shares of Ryder at this date including the contingent consideration was $10 per share.The fair value of the ordinary shares on 12 November 2005 was $11 per share. Ryder also made a one for fourbonus issue on 13 November 2005 which was applicable to the contingent shares issued. The directors areunsure of the impact of the above on earnings per share and the accounting for the acquisition. (7 marks)(iv) The company acquired a property on 1 November 2004 which it intended to sell. The property was obtainedas a result of a default on a loan agreement by a third party and was valued at $20 million on that date foraccounting purposes which exactly offset the defaulted loan. The property is in a state of disrepair and Ryderintends to complete the repairs before it sells the property. The repairs were completed on 30 November 2005.The property was sold after costs for $27 million on 9 December 2005. The property was classified as ‘held forsale’ at the year end under IFRS5 ‘Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations’ but shown atthe net sale proceeds of $27 million. Property is depreciated at 5% per annum on the straight-line basis and nodepreciation has been charged in the year. (5 marks)(v) The company granted share appreciation rights (SARs) to its employees on 1 November 2003 based on tenmillion shares. The SARs provide employees at the date the rights are exercised with the right to receive cashequal to the appreciation in the company’s share price since the grant date. The rights vested on 31 October2005 and payment was made on schedule on 1 December 2005. The fair value of the SARs per share at31 October 2004 was $6, at 31 October 2005 was $8 and at 1 December 2005 was $9. The company hasrecognised a liability for the SARs as at 31 October 2004 based upon IFRS2 ‘Share-based Payment’ but theliability was stated at the same amount at 31 October 2005. (5 marks)Required:Discuss the accounting treatment of the above events in the financial statements of the Ryder Group for the yearended 31 October 2005, taking into account the implications of events occurring after the balance sheet date.(The mark allocations are set out after each paragraph above.)(25 marks)

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考题 3 (a) Leigh, a public limited company, purchased the whole of the share capital of Hash, a limited company, on 1 June2006. The whole of the share capital of Hash was formerly owned by the five directors of Hash and under theterms of the purchase agreement, the five directors were to receive a total of three million ordinary shares of $1of Leigh on 1 June 2006 (market value $6 million) and a further 5,000 shares per director on 31 May 2007,if they were still employed by Leigh on that date. All of the directors were still employed by Leigh at 31 May2007.Leigh granted and issued fully paid shares to its own employees on 31 May 2007. Normally share options issuedto employees would vest over a three year period, but these shares were given as a bonus because of thecompany’s exceptional performance over the period. The shares in Leigh had a market value of $3 million(one million ordinary shares of $1 at $3 per share) on 31 May 2007 and an average fair value of$2·5 million (one million ordinary shares of $1 at $2·50 per share) for the year ended 31 May 2007. It isexpected that Leigh’s share price will rise to $6 per share over the next three years. (10 marks)Required:Discuss with suitable computations how the above share based transactions should be accounted for in thefinancial statements of Leigh for the year ended 31 May 2007.

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考题 (b) On 31 May 2007, Leigh purchased property, plant and equipment for $4 million. The supplier has agreed toaccept payment for the property, plant and equipment either in cash or in shares. The supplier can either choose1·5 million shares of the company to be issued in six months time or to receive a cash payment in three monthstime equivalent to the market value of 1·3 million shares. It is estimated that the share price will be $3·50 inthree months time and $4 in six months time.Additionally, at 31 May 2007, one of the directors recently appointed to the board has been granted the right tochoose either 50,000 shares of Leigh or receive a cash payment equal to the current value of 40,000 shares atthe settlement date. This right has been granted because of the performance of the director during the year andis unconditional at 31 May 2007. The settlement date is 1 July 2008 and the company estimates the fair valueof the share alternative is $2·50 per share at 31 May 2007. The share price of Leigh at 31 May 2007 is $3 pershare, and if the director chooses the share alternative, they must be kept for a period of four years. (9 marks)Required:Discuss with suitable computations how the above share based transactions should be accounted for in thefinancial statements of Leigh for the year ended 31 May 2007.

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考题 4 (a) Router, a public limited company operates in the entertainment industry. It recently agreed with a televisioncompany to make a film which will be broadcast on the television company’s network. The fee agreed for thefilm was $5 million with a further $100,000 to be paid every time the film is shown on the television company’schannels. It is hoped that it will be shown on four occasions. The film was completed at a cost of $4 million anddelivered to the television company on 1 April 2007. The television company paid the fee of $5 million on30 April 2007 but indicated that the film needed substantial editing before they were prepared to broadcast it,the costs of which would be deducted from any future payments to Router. The directors of Router wish torecognise the anticipated future income of $400,000 in the financial statements for the year ended 31 May2007. (5 marks)Required:Discuss how the above items should be dealt with in the group financial statements of Router for the year ended31 May 2007.

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考题 (c) At 1 June 2006, Router held a 25% shareholding in a film distribution company, Wireless, a public limitedcompany. On 1 January 2007, Router sold a 15% holding in Wireless thus reducing its investment to a 10%holding. Router no longer exercises significant influence over Wireless. Before the sale of the shares the net assetvalue of Wireless on 1 January 2007 was $200 million and goodwill relating to the acquisition of Wireless was$5 million. Router received $40 million for its sale of the 15% holding in Wireless. At 1 January 2007, the fairvalue of the remaining investment in Wireless was $23 million and at 31 May 2007 the fair value was$26 million. (6 marks)Required:Discuss how the above items should be dealt with in the group financial statements of Router for the year ended31 May 2007.Required:Discuss how the above items should be dealt with in the group financial statements of Router for the year ended31 May 2007.

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考题 2 Graeme, aged 57, is married to Catherine, aged 58. They work as medical consultants, and both are higher ratetaxpayers. Barry, their son, is aged 32. Graeme, Catherine and Barry are all UK resident, ordinarily resident anddomiciled. Graeme has come to you for some tax advice.Graeme has invested in shares for some time, in particular shares in Thistle Dubh Limited. He informs you of thefollowing transactions in Thistle Dubh Limited shares:(i) In December 1986, on the death of his grandmother, he inherited 10,000 ￡1 ordinary shares in Thistle DubhLimited, an unquoted UK trading company providing food supplies for sporting events. The probate value of theshares was 360p per share.(ii) In March 1992, he took up a rights issue, buying one share for every two held. The price paid for the rightsshares was ￡10 per share.(iii) In October 1999, the company underwent a reorganisation, and the ordinary shares were split into two newclasses of ordinary share – ‘T’ shares and ‘D’ shares, each with differing rights. Graeme received two ‘T’ and three‘D’ shares for each original Thistle Dubh Limited share held. The market values for the ‘T’ shares and the ‘D’shares on the date of reorganisation were 135p and 405p per share respectively.(iv) On 1 May 2005, Graeme sold 12,000 ‘T’ shares. The market values for the ‘T’ shares and the ‘D’ shares on thatday were 300p and 600p per share respectively.(v) In October 2005, Graeme sold all of his ‘D’ shares for ￡85,000.(vi) The current market value of ‘T’ shares is 384p per share. The shares remain unquoted.Graeme and Catherine have owned a holiday cottage in a remote part of the UK for many years. In recent years, theyhave used the property infrequently, as they have taken their holidays abroad and the cottage has been let out asfurnished holiday accommodation.Graeme and Catherine are now considering selling the UK country cottage and purchasing a holiday villa abroad.Initially they plan to let this villa out on a furnished basis, but following their anticipated retirement, would expect tooccupy the property for a significant part of the year themselves, possibly moving to live in the villa permanently.Required:(a) Calculate the total chargeable gains arising on Graeme’s disposals of ‘T’ and ‘D’ ordinary shares in May andOctober 2005 respectively. (7 marks)

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考题 6 Alasdair, aged 42, is single. He is considering investing in property, as he has heard that this represents a goodinvestment. In order to raise the funds to buy the property, he wants to extract cash from his personal company, BeezerLimited, whose year end is 31 December.Beezer Limited was formed on 1 May 1998 with ￡1,000 of capital issued as 1,000 ￡1 ordinary shares, and tradeduntil 1 January 2005 when Alasdair sold the trade and related assets. The company’s only asset is cash of￡120,000. Alasdair wants to extract this cash from the company with the minimum amount of tax payable. He isconsidering either, paying himself a dividend of ￡120,000, on 31 March 2006, after which the company would haveno assets and be wound up or, leaving the cash in the company and then liquidating the company. Costs of liquidationof ￡5,000 would then be incurred.Since Beezer Limited ceased trading, Alasdair has been taken on as a partner at a marketing firm, Gallus Co. Heestimates his profit share for the year of assessment 2005/06 will be ￡30,000. He has not made any capital disposalsin the current tax year.Alasdair wishes to reinvest the cash extracted from Beezer Limited in property but is not sure whether he should investdirectly in residential or commercial property, or do so via some form. of collective investment. He is aware that Gallus Co are looking to rent a new warehouse which could be bought for ￡200,000. Alasdair thinks that he may be ableto buy the warehouse himself and lease it to his firm, but only if he can borrow the additional money to buy theproperty.Alasdair has a 25% shareholding in another company, Glaikit Limited, whose year end is 31 March. The remainingshares in this company are held by his friend, Gill. Alasdair is considering borrowing ￡15,000 from Glaikit Limitedon 1 January 2006. He does not intend to pay any interest on the loan, which is likely to be written off some timein 2007. Alasdair does not have any connection with Glaikit Limited other than his shareholding.Required:(a) Advise Alasdair whether or not a dividend payment will result in a higher after-tax cash sum than theliquidation of Beezer Limited. Assume that either the dividend would be paid on 31 March 2006 or theliquidation would take place on 31 March 2006. (9 marks)Assume that Beezer Limited has always paid corporation tax at or above the small companies rate of 19%and that the tax rates and allowances for 2004/05 apply throughout this part.

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考题 6 Assume today’s date is 16 April 2005.Henry, aged 48, is the managing director of Happy Home Ltd, an unquoted UK company specialising in interiordesign. He is wealthy in his own right and is married to Helen, who is 45 years old. They have two children – Stephen,who is 19, and Sally who is 17.As part of his salary, Henry was given 3,000 shares in Happy Home Ltd with an option to acquire a further 10,000shares. The options were granted on 15 July 2003, shortly after the company started trading, and were not part ofan approved share option scheme. The free shares were given to Henry on the same day.The exercise price of the share options was set at the then market value of ￡1·00 per share. The options are notcapable of being exercised after 10 years from the date of grant. The company has been successful, and the currentvalue of the shares is now ￡14·00 per share. Another shareholder has offered to buy the shares at their market value,so Henry exercised his share options on 14 April 2005 and will sell the shares next week, on 20 April 2005.With the company growing in size, Henry wishes to recruit high quality staff, but the company lacks the funds to paythem in cash. Henry believes that giving new employees the chance to buy shares in the company would help recruitstaff, as they could share in the growth in value of Happy Home Ltd. Henry has heard that there is a particular sharescheme that is suitable for small, fast growing companies. He would like to obtain further information on how sucha scheme would work.Henry has accumulated substantial assets over the years. The family house is owned jointly with Helen, and is worth￡650,000. Henry has a ￡250,000 mortgage on the house. In addition, Henry has liquid assets worth ￡340,000and Helen has shares in quoted companies currently worth ￡125,000. Henry has no forms of insurance, and believeshe should make sure that his wealth and family are protected. He is keen to find out what options he should beconsidering.Required:(a) (i) State how the gift of the 3,000 shares in Happy Home Ltd was taxed. (1 mark)

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考题 2 Benny Korere has been employed as the sales director of Golden Tan plc since 1994. He earns an annual salary of￡32,000 and is provided with a petrol-driven company car which has a CO2 emission rate of 187g/km and had alist price when new of ￡22,360. In August 2003, when he was first provided with the car, Benny paid the company￡6,100 towards the capital cost of the car. Golden Tan plc does not pay for any of Benny’s private petrol and he isalso required to pay his employer ￡18 per month as a condition of being able to use the car for private purposes.On 1 December 2006 Golden Tan plc notified Benny that he would be made redundant on 28 February 2007. Onthat day the company will pay him his final month’s salary together with a payment of ￡8,000 in lieu of the threeremaining months of his six-month notice period in accordance with his employment contract. In addition thecompany will pay him ￡17,500 in return for agreeing not to work for any of its competitors for the six-month periodending 31 August 2007.On receiving notification of his redundancy, Benny immediately contacted Joe Egmont, the managing director ofSummer Glow plc, who offered him a senior management position leading the company’s expansion into EasternEurope. Summer Glow plc is one of Golden Tan plc’s competitors and one of the most innovative companies in theindustry, although not all of its strategies have been successful.Benny has agreed to join Summer Glow plc on 1 September 2007 for an annual salary of ￡39,000. On the day hejoins the company, Summer Glow plc will grant him an option to purchase 10,000 ordinary shares in the companyfor ￡2·20 per share under an unapproved share option scheme. Benny can exercise the option once he has beenemployed for six months but must hold the shares for at least a year before he sells them.The new job will require Benny to spend a considerable amount of time in London. Summer Glow plc has offeredBenny the exclusive use of a flat that the company purchased on 1 June 2003 for ￡165,000; the flat is currentlyrented out. The flat will be made available from 1 September 2007. The company will pay all of the utility billsrelating to the flat as well as furnishing and maintaining it. Summer Glow plc has also suggested that if Benny wouldrather live in a more central part of the city, the company could sell the existing flat and buy a more centrally locatedone, of the same value, with the proceeds.On 15 March 2007 Benny intends to sell 5,800 shares in Mahana plc, a quoted company, for ￡24,608. Histransactions in the company’s shares have been as follows:￡June 1988 Purchased 8,400 shares 6,744February 1996 Sale of rights nil paid 610January 2005 Purchased 1,300 shares 2,281The sale of rights, nil paid, was not treated as a part disposal of Benny’s holding in Mahana plc.Benny’s shareholding in Mahana plc represents less than 1% of the company’s issued ordinary share capital. He willnot make any other capital disposals in 2006/07.In addition to his employment income, Benny receives rental income of ￡4,000 (net of deductible expenses) eachyear. He normally submits his tax return in August but he has not yet prepared his return for 2005/06. He expectsto be very busy in December and January and is planning to prepare his tax return in late February 2007.Required:(a) Calculate Benny’s employment income for 2006/07. (4 marks)

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考题 3 Damian is the finance director of Linden Limited, a medium sized, unquoted, UK trading company, with a 31 Julyyear end. Damian personally owns 10% of the ordinary issued share capital of Linden Limited, for which he paid￡10,000 in June 1998. He estimates that the current market value of Linden Limited is ￡9 million and that thecompany will make taxable profits of ￡1·4 million in the forthcoming year to 31 July 2007.(a) Damian believes that Linden Limited should conduct its activities in a socially responsible manner and to thisend has proposed that in future all cars purchased by the company should be low emission vehicles. The salesdirector has stated that several of his staff, who are the main recipients of company cars, other than the directors,are extremely unhappy with this proposal, perceiving it as downgrading their value and status.The cars currently provided to the sales staff have a list price of ￡19,600, on which Linden Limited receives abulk purchase discount of 6% from the dealer, and a CO2 emission rate of 168 grams/kilometre. The companypays for up to ￡400 of accessories, of the salesmen’s own choice to be fitted to the cars and all of the runningcosts, including private petrol. The cars are replaced every three years and the ‘old’ cars are sold at auction,because they are high mileage vehicles.The low emission cars it is proposed to purchase will have the same list price as the current cars, but the dealeris only prepared to offer a bulk discount of 5% on these vehicles. Damian does not propose to make any otherchanges to Linden Limited’s company car policy or practice.Required:(i) Explain the tax consequences of the proposed move to low emission vehicles for both the individualsalesmen and Linden Limited, illustrating your answer by means of relevant calculations of the tax andnational insurance (NIC) savings arising. (9 marks)

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考题 (c) For commercial reasons, Damian believes that it would be sensible to place a new holding company, Bold plc,over the existing company, Linden Limited. Bold plc would also be unquoted and would acquire the existingLinden Limited shares in exchange for the issue of its own shares.If the new structure is implemented, Bold plc will provide management services to Linden Limited, but theamount that will be charged for these services is yet to be determined.Required:(i) State the capital gains tax (CGT) issues that Damian should be aware of before disposing of his sharesin Linden Limited to Bold plc. Your answer should include details of any conditions that will need to besatisfied if an immediate charge to tax is to be avoided. (4 marks)

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考题 4 (a) For this part, assume today’s date is 1 March 2006.Bill and Ben each own 50% of the ordinary share capital in Flower Limited, an unquoted UK trading companythat makes electronic toys. Flower Limited was incorporated on 1 August 2005 with 1,000 ￡1 ordinary shares,and commenced trading on the same day. The business has been successful, and the company has accumulateda large cash balance of ￡180,000, which is to be used to purchase a new factory. However, Bill and Ben havereceived an offer from a rival company, which they are considering. The offer provides Bill and Ben with twoalternative methods of payment for the purchase of their shares:(i) ￡480,000 for the company, inclusive of the ￡180,000 cash balance.(ii) ￡300,000 for the company assuming the cash available for the factory purchase is extracted prior to sale.Bill and Ben each currently receive a gross salary of ￡3,750 per month from Flower Limited. Part of the offerterms is that Bill and Ben would be retained as employees of the company on the same salary.Neither Bill nor Ben has used any of their capital gains tax annual exemption for the tax year 2005/06.Required:(i) Calculate which of the following means of extracting the ￡180,000 from Flower Limited on 31 March2006 will result in the highest after tax cash amount for Bill and Ben:(1) payment of a dividend, or(2) payment of a salary bonus.You are not required to consider the corporation tax (CT) implications for Flower Limited in youranswer. (5 marks)

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考题 (b) For this part, assume today’s date is 1 May 2010.Bill and Ben decided not to sell their company, and instead expanded the business themselves. Ben, however,is now pursuing other interests, and is no longer involved with the day to day activities of Flower Limited. Billbelieves that the company would be better off without Ben as a voting shareholder, and wishes to buy Ben’sshares. However, Bill does not have sufficient funds to buy the shares himself, and so is wondering if thecompany could acquire the shares instead.The proposed price for Ben’s shares would be ￡500,000. Both Bill and Ben pay income tax at the higher rate.Required:Write a letter to Ben:(1) stating the income tax (IT) and/or capital gains tax (CGT) implications for Ben if Flower Limited were torepurchase his 50% holding of ordinary shares, immediately in May 2010; and(2) advising him of any available planning options that might improve this tax position. Clearly explain anyconditions which must be satisfied and quantify the tax savings which may result.(13 marks)Assume that the corporation tax rates for the financial year 2005 and the income tax rates and allowancesfor the tax year 2005/06 apply throughout this question.

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考题 (b) The directors of Carver Ltd are aware that some of the company’s shareholders want to realise the value in theirshares immediately. Accordingly, instead of investing in the office building or the share portfolio they areconsidering two alternative strategies whereby, following the sale of the company’s business, a payment will bemade to the company’s shareholders.(i) Liquidate the company. The payment by the liquidator would be ￡126 per share.(ii) The payment of a dividend of ￡125 per share following which a liquidator will be appointed. The paymentby the liquidator to the shareholders would then be ￡1 per share.The company originally issued 20,000 ￡1 ordinary shares at par value to 19 members of the Cutler family.Following a number of gifts and inheritances there are now 41 shareholders, all of whom are family members.The directors have asked you to attend a meeting to set out the tax implications of these two alternative strategiesfor each of the two main groups of shareholders: adults with shareholdings of more than 500 shares and childrenwith shareholdings of 200 shares or less.Required:Prepare notes explaining:– the amount chargeable to tax; and– the rates of tax that will applyin respect of each of the two strategies for each of the two groups of shareholders ready for your meetingwith the directors of Carver Ltd. You should assume that none of the shareholders will have any capitallosses either in the tax year 2007/08 or brought forward as at 5 April 2007. (10 marks)Note:You should assume that the rates and allowances for the tax year 2006/07 will continue to apply for theforeseeable future.

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考题 3 Palm plc recently acquired 100% of the ordinary share capital of Nikau Ltd from Facet Ltd. Palm plc intends to useNikau Ltd to develop a new product range, under the name ‘Project Sabal’. Nikau Ltd owns shares in a non-UKresident company, Date Inc.The following information has been extracted from client files and from a meeting with the Finance Director of Palmplc.Palm plc:– Has more than 40 wholly owned subsidiaries such that all group companies pay corporation tax at 30%.– All group companies prepare accounts to 31 March.– Acquired Nikau Ltd on 1 November 2007 from Facet Ltd, an unrelated company.Nikau Ltd:– UK resident company that manufactures domestic electronic appliances for sale in the European Union (EU).– Large enterprise for the purposes of the enhanced relief available for research and development expenditure.– Trading losses brought forward as at 1 April 2007 of ￡195,700.– Budgeted taxable trading profit of ￡360,000 for the year ending 31 March 2008 before taking account of ‘ProjectSabal’.– Dividend income of ￡38,200 will be received in the year ending 31 March 2008 in respect of the shares in DateInc.‘Project Sabal’:– Development of a range of electronic appliances, for sale in North America.– Project Sabal will represent a significant advance in the technology of domestic appliances.– Nikau Ltd will spend ￡70,000 on staffing costs and consumables researching and developing the necessarytechnology between now and 31 March 2008. Further costs will be incurred in the following year.– Sales to North America will commence in 2009 and are expected to generate significant profits from that year.Shares in Date Inc:– Nikau Ltd owns 35% of the ordinary share capital of Date Inc.– The shares were purchased from Facet Ltd on 1 June 2003 for their market value of ￡338,000.– The sale was a no gain, no loss transfer for the purposes of corporation tax.– Facet Ltd purchased the shares in Date Inc on 1 March 1994 for ￡137,000.Date Inc:– A controlled foreign company resident in the country of Palladia.– Annual chargeable profits arising out of property investment activities are approximately ￡120,000, of whichapproximately ￡115,000 is distributed to its shareholders each year.The tax system in Palladia:– No taxes on income or capital profits.– 4% withholding tax on dividends paid to shareholders resident outside Palladia.Required:(a) Prepare detailed explanatory notes, including relevant supporting calculations, on the effect of the followingissues on the amount of corporation tax payable by Nikau Ltd for the year ending 31 March 2008.(i) The costs of developing ‘Project Sabal’ and the significant commercial changes to the company’sactivities arising out of its implementation. (8 marks)

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考题 (ii) The shares held in Date Inc and the dividend income received from that company. (7 marks)

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考题 3 Spica, one of the director shareholders of Acrux Ltd, has been in dispute with the other shareholders over plans toexpand the company’s activities overseas. In order to resolve the position it has been agreed that Spica will sell hershares back to the company. Once the purchase of her shares has taken place, the company intends to establish anumber of branches overseas and acquire a shareholding in a number of companies that are resident and trade inoverseas countries.The following information has been obtained from client files and meetings with the parties involved.Acrux Ltd:– An unquoted UK resident company.– Share capital consists of 50,000 ordinary shares issued at ￡1·90 per share in July 2000.– None of the other shareholders has any connection with Spica.The purchase of own shares:– The company will purchase all of Spica’s shares for ￡8 per share.– The transaction will take place by the end of 2008.Spica:– Purchased 8,000 shares in Acrux Ltd for ￡2 per share on 30 September 2003.– Has no income in the tax year 2008/09.– Has chargeable capital gains in the tax year 2008/09 of ￡3,800.– Has houses in the UK and the country of Solaris and divides her time between them.Investment in non-UK resident companies:– Acrux Ltd will acquire between 15% and 20% of each of the non-UK resident companies.– The companies will not be controlled foreign companies as the rates of tax in the overseas countries will bebetween 23% and 42%.– There may or may not be a double tax treaty between the UK and the overseas countries in which the companiesare resident. Where there is a treaty, it will be based on the OECD model treaty.– None of the countries concerned levy withholding tax on dividends paid to UK companies.– The directors of Acrux Ltd are concerned that the rate of tax suffered on the profits of the overseas companieswill be very high as they will be taxed in both the overseas country and in the UK.Required:(a) (i) Prepare detailed calculations to determine the most beneficial tax treatment of the payment Spica willreceive for her shares; (7 marks)

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考题 5 Gagarin wishes to persuade a number of wealthy individuals who are business contacts to invest in his company,Vostok Ltd. He also requires advice on the recoverability of input tax relating to the purchase of new premises.The following information has been obtained from a meeting with Gagarin.Vostok Ltd:– An unquoted UK resident company.– Gagarin owns 100% of the company’s ordinary share capital.– Has 18 employees.– Provides computer based services to commercial companies.– Requires additional funds to finance its expansion.Funds required by Vostok Ltd:– Vostok Ltd needs to raise ￡420,000.– Vostok Ltd will issue 20,000 shares at ￡21 per share on 31 August 2008.– The new shareholder(s) will own 40% of the company.– Part of the money raised will contribute towards the purchase of new premises for use by Vostok Ltd.Gagarin’s initial thoughts:– The minimum investment will be 5,000 shares and payment will be made in full on subscription.– Gagarin has a number of wealthy business contacts who may be interested in investing.– Gagarin has heard that it may be possible to obtain tax relief for up to 60% of the investment via the enterpriseinvestment scheme.Wealthy business contacts:– Are all UK resident higher rate taxpayers.– May wish to borrow the funds to invest in Vostok Ltd if there is a tax incentive to do so.New premises:– Will cost ￡446,500 including value added tax (VAT).– Will be used in connection with all aspects of Vostok Ltd’s business.– Will be sold for ￡600,000 plus VAT in six years time.– Vostok Ltd will waive the VAT exemption on the sale of the building.The VAT position of Vostok Ltd:– In the year ending 31 March 2009, 28% of Vostok Ltd’s supplies will be exempt for the purposes of VAT.– This percentage is expected to reduce over the next few years.– Irrecoverable input tax due to the company’s partially exempt status exceeds the de minimis limits.Required:(a) Prepare notes for Gagarin to use when speaking to potential investors. The notes should include:(i) The tax incentives immediately available in respect of the amount invested in shares issued inaccordance with the enterprise investment scheme; (5 marks)

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考题 For a limited company, this will include the money ______ issuing shares, and is known as the share capital. A raise for ;B raised by ;C raising at

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考题 ORGANIZING A BUSINESS IN DIFFERENT WAYS Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs. The simplest form. of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything. Another kind of business is a partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls. One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibility for the business. Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form. partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form. a business partnership together. Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships. But corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization. Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business. A corporation is recognized as an entity-its own legal being, separate from its owners. A board of directors controls corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation. Corporations can have a few major shareholders, or ownership can be spread among the general public. But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some non-profit groups are also organized as corporations.1. This passage is mainly about ().A. why different forms of business runB. when different forms of business raise moneyC. how different forms of business are organized2. What is usually needed to decide the portion of the partnership each person controls?()A. A rule.B. An agreement.C. A regulation.3. Who are not included in limited liability partnerships?()A. Full partners.B. Limited partners.C. Unlimited partners.4. How can corporations raise money?()A. By selling stock.B. By buying stock.C. By holding corporation shares.5. Who controls corporate policies in a corporation?()A. Chairman of the board.B. A board of directors.C. The owner of the corporation.

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考题 Finally, they return the()to the people who bought shares in the company.A、 costB、 priceC、 profits

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考题听力原文：The owners of limited companies are people who have bought shares in the company.(6)A．The shareholders are the owners of limited companies.B．Shareholders deposit their money in the limited companies.C．The shareholders can sell shares of limited companies to the public.D．Shareholders of limited companies are able to make profits continuously.

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考题听力原文：M: Professor Wang, could you tell me the advantage of the preferred shares?W: Preferred shares have certain rights, such as the preferred right to receive dividends before any ordinary dividends maybe declared.Q: When do preferred shareholders have right to receive dividends?(17)A．Before any ordinary dividends are declared.B．After any ordinary dividends are declared.C．Before any ordinary dividends are paid.D．After any ordinary dividends are paid.

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考题问答题Practice 3　　Equity securities are known as shares (or stock) in a corporation. Stockholders are considered owners of the corporation. The Articles of Incorporation must state the number of shares and the characteristics of the stock. To issue stock is actually to offer shares of stock for sale. The corporation’s Board of Directors controls when and to whom the corporation’s shares are offered and sold.　　Outstanding shares—Outstanding shares are shares already issued and purchased by the shareholder or stockholder.　　Par value—Par value is an arbitrary value assigned to each share in the Articles of Incorporation but does not necessarily reflect the true market value of the stock. Shares may not be issued and sold by the corporation for less than their par value therefore it is sometimes advisable not to state any par value at all or state a par value lower than the estimated market price. No par value allows the Board of Directors to decide each time shares are issued what the price per share will be. In a very large corporation where the stock is publicly traded at a public exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, the public demand for the stock of the corporation rather than the Board of Directors determines the selling price of the stock.　　Capital account—The capital account of a corporation is an entry in the books of the corporation and is determined by multiplying the par or stated value of the corporation’s stock by the number of shares outstanding. For example, if the corporation had sold 1,000 shares of stock which had $10 par value, the capital account would be $10,000.

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考题单选题Finally， they return the to the people who bought shares in the company.（）A costB priceC profits

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