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Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists
1 For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong,banal and corrupting while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.
2 Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.In other words,optimists live longer.
3 That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s.Of the 729 candidates,200 had died and according to scientists,there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.
4 Ten points more on the pessimism scale-that was the difference between"slightly pessimistic"and "averagely pessimistic”-were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent,according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.
5 The study does not say why pessimists die.But an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the ion- gevity equation.
6 The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Raif Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients.His conclusion:Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counter- parts,tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.
7 There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same.
8 Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either.They thus interpret it in a positive way."Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,"said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.
9 German science journal Buld der Wissenschaft，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue,commented on"the right attitude"to having a tumor.
10 It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.
1 1 Doctors like,however,to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong,who was seriously ill with cancer,but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.
1 2 The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Carnegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses.A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.
13 The results showed that in the case of people who had.satisfactory,long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold.Of people with three or fewer firm relation- ships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.
Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists
1 For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong,banal and corrupting while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.
2 Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.In other words,optimists live longer.
3 That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s.Of the 729 candidates,200 had died and according to scientists,there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.
4 Ten points more on the pessimism scale-that was the difference between"slightly pessimistic"and "averagely pessimistic”-were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent,according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.
5 The study does not say why pessimists die.But an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the ion- gevity equation.
6 The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Raif Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients.His conclusion:Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counter- parts,tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.
7 There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same.
8 Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either.They thus interpret it in a positive way."Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,"said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.
9 German science journal Buld der Wissenschaft，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue,commented on"the right attitude"to having a tumor.
10 It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.
1 1 Doctors like,however,to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong,who was seriously ill with cancer,but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.
1 2 The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Carnegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses.A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.
13 The results showed that in the case of people who had.satisfactory,long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold.Of people with three or fewer firm relation- ships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.
Some scholars did not believe______.
A:to avoid unpleasant things in life
B:in looking on the bright side of life
C:less likely to catch cold
D:how one looks on life
E:to be unhappy all the time
F:more likely to get cancer
A:to avoid unpleasant things in life
B:in looking on the bright side of life
C:less likely to catch cold
D:how one looks on life
E:to be unhappy all the time
F:more likely to get cancer
参考答案
参考解析
解析：第五段第二句点出了此段的主题：个人的世界观和人生态度是影响寿命的关键因素。
第六段第一句“…optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds…”点出有最新的证据支持乐观者病好得快这一理论，接着叙述了证据是如何得到的，以及学者得出的结论，所以A项“更快从病中康复”合适。故本题选A。
第七段说明了良好的健康状况与保持乐观的心态之间的关系：并非说乐观者就更健康，而是因为享受健康，他们才成为乐观者，所以C项“良好的健康与乐观心态之间的关系”合适。故本题选C。
第八段第一、二句中“optimists do not blind themselves to reality … interpret it in a positive way.”说明乐观者并不是无视现实，而是从积极的角度看待现实，所以D项“看待现实的积极方式”合适。故本题选D。
根据文章第一段“Arthur Schopenhauer…Sigmund Freud …”可知，叔本华认为乐观完全是错的，是平庸和堕落的表现，而弗洛伊德认为乐观简直就是神经质，即两人都不赞成乐观的心态。故本题选B。
全文都在说明乐观的人活得更久，第五段最后一句更是明确指出人生态度是影响寿命的关键因素，从标题“Optimists Really Do Live Longer , Say Scientists”也可得出答案。故本题选D。
根据文章第八段第一句“optimists do not blind themselves to reality … interpret it in a positive way.”可知，乐观并不等于无视现实，而是从积极的角度看待现实。故本题选A。
根据文章最后一段“The results showed that…less likely to trigger a cold…only 35 percent…"可知：实驳路果显示，那些与朋友、邻居和同事保持长期稳定且令人满意的关系的人，感染病毒后，更不容易感冒；实验对象中只与三个或更少的人维持稳固关系的人中有62%的人感冒，而那些与六个或更多的人有着紧密关系的人中只有35%的人感冒。故本题选C。
第六段第一句“…optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds…”点出有最新的证据支持乐观者病好得快这一理论，接着叙述了证据是如何得到的，以及学者得出的结论，所以A项“更快从病中康复”合适。故本题选A。
第七段说明了良好的健康状况与保持乐观的心态之间的关系：并非说乐观者就更健康，而是因为享受健康，他们才成为乐观者，所以C项“良好的健康与乐观心态之间的关系”合适。故本题选C。
第八段第一、二句中“optimists do not blind themselves to reality … interpret it in a positive way.”说明乐观者并不是无视现实，而是从积极的角度看待现实，所以D项“看待现实的积极方式”合适。故本题选D。
根据文章第一段“Arthur Schopenhauer…Sigmund Freud …”可知，叔本华认为乐观完全是错的，是平庸和堕落的表现，而弗洛伊德认为乐观简直就是神经质，即两人都不赞成乐观的心态。故本题选B。
全文都在说明乐观的人活得更久，第五段最后一句更是明确指出人生态度是影响寿命的关键因素，从标题“Optimists Really Do Live Longer , Say Scientists”也可得出答案。故本题选D。
根据文章第八段第一句“optimists do not blind themselves to reality … interpret it in a positive way.”可知，乐观并不等于无视现实，而是从积极的角度看待现实。故本题选A。
根据文章最后一段“The results showed that…less likely to trigger a cold…only 35 percent…"可知：实驳路果显示，那些与朋友、邻居和同事保持长期稳定且令人满意的关系的人，感染病毒后，更不容易感冒；实验对象中只与三个或更少的人维持稳固关系的人中有62%的人感冒，而那些与六个或更多的人有着紧密关系的人中只有35%的人感冒。故本题选C。
更多 “共用题干 Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists1 For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong,banal and corrupting while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.2 Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.In other words,optimists live longer.3 That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s.Of the 729 candidates,200 had died and according to scientists,there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.4 Ten points more on the pessimism scale-that was the difference between"slightly pessimistic"and "averagely pessimistic”-were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent,according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.5 The study does not say why pessimists die.But an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the ion- gevity equation.6 The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Raif Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients.His conclusion:Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counter- parts,tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.7 There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same.8 Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either.They thus interpret it in a positive way."Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,"said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.9 German science journal Buld der Wissenschaft，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue,commented on"the right attitude"to having a tumor.10 It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.1 1 Doctors like,however,to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong,who was seriously ill with cancer,but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.1 2 The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Carnegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses.A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.13 The results showed that in the case of people who had.satisfactory,long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold.Of people with three or fewer firm relation- ships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.Some scholars did not believe______.A:to avoid unpleasant things in lifeB:in looking on the bright side of lifeC:less likely to catch coldD:how one looks on lifeE:to be unhappy all the time F:more likely to get cancer” 相关考题
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共用题干
Step Back in TimeDo you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45.But now,she can live until at least 80.One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let's have a look at what life was 100 years agoFamilies had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn't live long.from lots of diseases , especially rickets (佝偻病）and scurvy（坏血病）,which are bot diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up,bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down.People didn't have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills（窗台板）,blocks of ice,or even burying it in the garden.Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their pai lived 100 years ago,you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）(a job done by many children）or working with your dad by now.People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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共用题干
Step Back in TimeDo you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45.But now,she can live until at least 80.One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let's have a look at what life was 100 years agoFamilies had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn't live long.from lots of diseases , especially rickets (佝偻病）and scurvy（坏血病）,which are bot diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up,bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down.People didn't have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills（窗台板）,blocks of ice,or even burying it in the garden.Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their pai lived 100 years ago,you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）(a job done by many children）or working with your dad by now.On average women lived longer than men 100 years ago.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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共用题干
Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists1 For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong,banal and corrupting while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.2 Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.In other words,optimists live longer.3 That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s.Of the 729 candidates,200 had died and according to scientists,there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.4 Ten points more on the pessimism scale一that was the difference between"slightly pessimistic"and "averagely pessimistic”一were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent,according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.5 The study does not say why pessimists die.But an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the ion- gevity equation.6 The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Raif Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients.His conclusion:Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counter- parts,tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.7 There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same.8 Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either. They thus interpret it in a positive way."Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,"said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.9 German science journal Buld der Wissensch叻，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue,commented on"the right attitude"to having a tumor.10 It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.1 1 Doctors like,however,to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong,who was seriously ill with cancer,but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.12 The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Caraegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses.A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.1 3 The results showed that in the case of people who had satisfactory,long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues,the virus was less likely to trigger a cold.Of people with three or fewer firm relation- ships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.Paragraph 5________A: Quicker Recovery From IllnessB:Personal Attitude CountsC:Relationship Between Good Health and Optimism D:A Positive Way of Understanding Reality E:Optimism and Pessimism F: Optimists With Illusions
考题
共用题干
Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists1 For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong,banal and corrupting while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.2 Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.In other words,optimists live longer.3 That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s.Of the 729 candidates,200 had died and according to scientists,there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.4 Ten points more on the pessimism scale一that was the difference between"slightly pessimistic"and "averagely pessimistic”一were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent,according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.5 The study does not say why pessimists die.But an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the ion- gevity equation.6 The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Raif Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients.His conclusion:Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counter- parts,tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.7 There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same.8 Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either. They thus interpret it in a positive way."Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,"said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.9 German science journal Buld der Wissensch叻，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue,commented on"the right attitude"to having a tumor.10 It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.1 1 Doctors like,however,to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong,who was seriously ill with cancer,but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.12 The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Caraegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses.A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.1 3 The results showed that in the case of people who had satisfactory,long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues,the virus was less likely to trigger a cold.Of people with three or fewer firm relation- ships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.How long one can live,partly depends on________.A:to avoid unpleasant things in lifeB:in looking on the bright side of lifeC:less likely to catch coldD:how one looks on lifeE:to be unhappy all the time F:more likely to g et cancer
考题
共用题干
Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists1 For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong,banal and corrupting while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.2 Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.In other words,optimists live longer.3 That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s.Of the 729 candidates,200 had died and according to scientists,there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.4 Ten points more on the pessimism scale-that was the difference between"slightly pessimistic"and "averagely pessimistic”-were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent,according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.5 The study does not say why pessimists die.But an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the ion- gevity equation.6 The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Raif Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients.His conclusion:Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counter- parts,tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.7 There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same.8 Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either.They thus interpret it in a positive way."Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,"said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.9 German science journal Buld der Wissenschaft，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue,commented on"the right attitude"to having a tumor.10 It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.1 1 Doctors like,however,to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong,who was seriously ill with cancer,but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.1 2 The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Carnegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses.A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.13 The results showed that in the case of people who had.satisfactory,long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold.Of people with three or fewer firm relation- ships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.Paragraph 8______A:Quicker Recovery From IllnessB:Personal Attitude CountsC:Relationship Between Good Health and OptimismD:A Positive Way of Understanding RealityE:Optimism and PessimismF: Onfimisfs With Illusions
考题
共用题干
Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists1 For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong,banal and corrupting while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.2 Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.In other words,optimists live longer.3 That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s.Of the 729 candidates,200 had died and according to scientists,there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.4 Ten points more on the pessimism scale-that was the difference between"slightly pessimistic"and "averagely pessimistic”-were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent,according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.5 The study does not say why pessimists die.But an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the ion- gevity equation.6 The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Raif Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients.His conclusion:Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counter- parts,tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.7 There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same.8 Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either.They thus interpret it in a positive way."Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,"said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.9 German science journal Buld der Wissenschaft，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue,commented on"the right attitude"to having a tumor.10 It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.1 1 Doctors like,however,to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong,who was seriously ill with cancer,but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.1 2 The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Carnegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses.A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.13 The results showed that in the case of people who had.satisfactory,long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold.Of people with three or fewer firm relation- ships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.An optimist does not necessarily try______.A:to avoid unpleasant things in lifeB:in looking on the bright side of lifeC:less likely to catch coldD:how one looks on lifeE:to be unhappy all the time F:more likely to get cancer
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Optimists Really Do Live Longer,Say Scientists1 For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong,banal and corrupting while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.2 Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health.In other words,optimists live longer.3 That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s.Of the 729 candidates,200 had died and according to scientists,there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.4 Ten points more on the pessimism scale一that was the difference between"slightly pessimistic"and "averagely pessimistic”一were enough to boost a person's chances of dying by 19 percent,according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.5 The study does not say why pessimists die.But an older survey taken among children in San Francisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the ion- gevity equation.6 The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Raif Schwarzer of Berlin's Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients.His conclusion:Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counter- parts,tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.7 There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health.Numerous surveys have taken into account a person's state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same.8 Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either. They thus interpret it in a positive way."Sublimating and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,"said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor.9 German science journal Buld der Wissensch叻，which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue,commented on"the right attitude"to having a tumor.10 It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.1 1 Doctors like,however,to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong,who was seriously ill with cancer,but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling's premier Tour de France.12 The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Caraegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses.A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.1 3 The results showed that in the case of people who had satisfactory,long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues,the virus was less likely to trigger a cold.Of people with three or fewer firm relation- ships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.An experiment showed that optimists were________.A:to avoid unpleasant things in lifeB:in looking on the bright side of lifeC:less likely to catch coldD:how one looks on lifeE:to be unhappy all the time F:more likely to g et cancer
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Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down --- say, after giving a bad lecture ——he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
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第三篇The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today?During the past 50 years,the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded:almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now,and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse.If this trend continues,it will lead to the breakup of the family,according to a spokesper- son for the National Family Association.Some futurists predict that in 100 years,the average American will marry at least four times ,and extramarital（婚外的）affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this ,and is the picture really so gloomy（阴暗的）?The answer to the first question is really quite simple:marriage is no longer the necessity it once was.The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need.Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands一as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home.But with the rising number of women in well- paying jobs,this is no longer the case,so they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question , the outlook may not be as pessimistic（悲观的）as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen;the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much,so marriage is stillquite popular. In addition to this,many couples now simply live together and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married,but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics.In fact, more than 50%of first marriages survive.So is marriage really an outdated institution?The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people:they suffer less from stress and its consequences,such as heart problems,and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?A:It is important to discover what makes a marriage successful.B:Marriage has long been partly an economic need.C:It is a fact that most people choose to get married.D:Many people went abroad after divorce.
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第三篇The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today?During the past 50 years,the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded:almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now,and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse.If this trend continues,it will lead to the breakup of the family,according to a spokesper- son for the National Family Association.Some futurists predict that in 100 years,the average American will marry at least four times ,and extramarital（婚外的）affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this ,and is the picture really so gloomy（阴暗的）?The answer to the first question is really quite simple:marriage is no longer the necessity it once was.The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need.Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands一as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home.But with the rising number of women in well- paying jobs,this is no longer the case,so they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question , the outlook may not be as pessimistic（悲观的）as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen;the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much,so marriage is stillquite popular. In addition to this,many couples now simply live together and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married,but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics.In fact, more than 50%of first marriages survive.So is marriage really an outdated institution?The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people:they suffer less from stress and its consequences,such as heart problems,and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships! What does"this is no longer the case"in Paragraph 2 mean?A:Women are not economically dependant any more.B:It is not necessary to get married any more.C:Women do not need a husband any longer.D:Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.
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第三篇The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today?During the past 50 years,the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded:almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now,and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse.If this trend continues,it will lead to the breakup of the family,according to a spokesper- son for the National Family Association.Some futurists predict that in 100 years,the average American will marry at least four times ,and extramarital（婚外的）affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this ,and is the picture really so gloomy（阴暗的）?The answer to the first question is really quite simple:marriage is no longer the necessity it once was.The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need.Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands一as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home.But with the rising number of women in well- paying jobs,this is no longer the case,so they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question , the outlook may not be as pessimistic（悲观的）as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen;the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much,so marriage is stillquite popular. In addition to this,many couples now simply live together and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married,but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics.In fact, more than 50%of first marriages survive.So is marriage really an outdated institution?The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people:they suffer less from stress and its consequences,such as heart problems,and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!How do most men feel in their marriage life? A:They feel much stronger than before.B:They don't feel as lonely as before.C:They suffer more than before.D:They feel more satisfied than being single.
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第三篇The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today?During the past 50 years,the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded:almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now,and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse.If this trend continues,it will lead to the breakup of the family,according to a spokesper- son for the National Family Association.Some futurists predict that in 100 years,the average American will marry at least four times ,and extramarital（婚外的）affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this ,and is the picture really so gloomy（阴暗的）?The answer to the first question is really quite simple:marriage is no longer the necessity it once was.The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need.Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands一as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home.But with the rising number of women in well- paying jobs,this is no longer the case,so they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question , the outlook may not be as pessimistic（悲观的）as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen;the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much,so marriage is stillquite popular. In addition to this,many couples now simply live together and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married,but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics.In fact, more than 50%of first marriages survive.So is marriage really an outdated institution?The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people:they suffer less from stress and its consequences,such as heart problems,and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!Why is the outlook of marriage not as hopeless as it appears?A:Many people still like to get married.B:The rate of divorce has actually decreased.C:Over 60%of the marriages continue to exist.D:The statistics of divorce is reliable.
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The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.A:really practical
B:simply useless
C:extremely useful
D:very little
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1.Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today?During the past 50 years,the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded:almost 50%of marriages end in divorce now,and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse.If this trend continues,it will lead to the breakup of the family,according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association.Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital（婚外的）affairs will be even more common than they are now.2.But what are the reasons for this,and is the picture really so gloomy?The answer to the first question is really quite simple:marriage is no longer the necessity it once was.The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need.Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands.But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs,this is no ionger the case.So they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.3.In answer to the second question,the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems.While the rate of divorce has risen,the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much,so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this,many couples now simply live together and don't bother to marry.These couples are effectively married,but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics.In fact,more than 50% of first marriages survive.4.So is marriage really an outdated institution?The fact that most people still get married mndicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences such as heart problems,and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts.Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!The divorce rate in the U.S.is going to be_________.A:women are not economically dependant any moreB:more than 50%C:more contentedD:finds out the key to a happy marriage and apply it to our relationshipE:almost 50%F: women no longer need a husband any longer
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Look on the Bright SideDo you ever wish you were more optimistic,someone who always________(51)to be successful? Having someone around__________(52)always fears the worst isn't really a lot of________(53).We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says,"It looks__________(54)rain."But if you catch yourself thinking such things,it's important to do something_________(55)it.You can change your_________(56)of life,according to psychologists.It only takes a little effort, and you'll find life more rewarding as a_________(57).Optimism,they say,is partly about self-respectand confidence but it's also a more positive way of ______(58)at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more__________(59)to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.Upbringing is obviously very important in________(60)your attitude to the world.Some people are brought up to_________(61)too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything _________(62)wrong. Most optimists,on the_______(63)hand,have been brought up not to _________ (64)failure as the end of the world一they just___________(65)on with their lives._________(61)A:insistB:buildC:dependD:base
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Life gets noisier every day and very few people can free from noise of some sort or another.It doesn′t matter where you live--in the middle of a modem city,or a faraway village--the chances that you will be disturbed by jet aero planes,transistor radios,oil powered engines,etc.,are almost everywhere.We seem to be getting used to noise,too.Some people feel quite lonely without background music while they are working.
Scientific tests have shown that total silence can be very frightening experience for human beings.However,some people enjoy listening to pop music which is very loud,and this can do harm to their eardrums（耳鼓）.The noise level in some disco is far above the usual safety level for heavy industrial areas.
One recent report about noise and concentration（专心）suggested that although a lot of people say that any noise disturbs their concentration,what really affects their ability to concentrate is a change in the level of noise.It goes on to say that a background noise,which doesn′t change too much（music,for example）may even help people to concentrate.
Some people may have their hearing hurtA.while they are in complete silence
B.while they are dancing violently
C.while they are listening to pop music
D.while they are listening to soft music
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Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say“night”as“light”.This shows:（）.AThey cannot pronounce/n/BInterlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueCThe teachers do not have a good teaching methodDThey do not like to pronounce nasal sounds
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“The house （） go to the daughter, not the son, according to the will of the father.” declared the judge.A、mayB、shouldC、mustD、shall
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单选题All people do several jobs at the same time simply because they want to challenge themselves.A
Right.B
Wrong.C
Doesn’t say.
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单选题Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A
Can Beer Help You Live Longer?B
Can Coffee Help You Live Longer?C
Can Wine Help You Live Longer?D
Can Tea Help You Live Longer?
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问答题◆Topic 10：Work to Live or Live to Work? Questions for reference: 1) Why do people live? 2) Are people really aware of the reasons why they work? 3) How do you balance work and life?
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