共用题干第二篇Love or Hate?We have saved as a final set of emotions to two most important emotions connected with other people:love and its opposite,hate.Love can be seen everywhere.Yet surprisingly,love has been the subject of less scientific research than other emotions,such as anger and fear. The reason for this may be two fold.Firstly,love is a very complex emotion,difficult to describe and measure. Secondly,unlike many radical emotions,radical love is generally not a problem. Thus less medical attention has been paid to it.What is love?This is a complex question and requires a complex answer. Love is a strong,positive attraction and feeling for another person or thing. But it is more than this.It also involves feeling of caring,protection,excitement,and tenderness.When two people are in love,they feel drawn to one another;they greatly enjoy each other's company;and they may be sexually attracted to one another.Sometimes it is easier to think in terms of different kinds of love:romantic love,brotherly love, and so forth.Though they are different in some respects,they share one important characteristic: a strong positive feeling toward another.Our feelings toward other people are often complex.We may love someone and,at the same time,be angry with him.Or we may love someone,even though we are jealous of him.We mighi even love someone and,at the same time,hate for some precise reason.Hate is a strong negative emotion toward someone,and is due to anger,jealousy,or some other factor. Like love,hate can be a very strong emotion.It can also be very dangerous.The question is often asked,"Is it bad to hate?"The best answer is probably" sometimes yes and sometimes no." Usually hate does not help us.It makes us feel unhappy and makes us do things that may hurt others.However,sometimes it may be necessary to hate and hurt someone in order to protect loved ones.According to the passage,hate is caused by___________.A:anger,jealousy or some other factorsB:anger,danger and hurtC:caring,protection,excitement and tendernessD:complex,strong positive emotion

考题 We __ each other for almost three years. A. was in love forB. have been in love withC. fell in love with

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考题共用题干 In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry?We don't know the reason,but we can see the emotion in his face.What- ever culture you come from,you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.Forty years ago,psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California,San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings.He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions.Then he showed them to the Fore people,who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces,but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger,happiness,sad- ness,disgust,fear,and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse.He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere.He did more research in Japan,Brazil,and Argentina,and got the same results.According to Ekman,these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.Theydeveloped to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us.Some emotional triggers are universal as well.When something suddenly comes into sight,people feel fear,because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example,two people might smell newly cut grass.One person spent won- derful summers in the country as a child,so the smell makes him happy.The other person remembers work- ing very hard on a farm and being hungry,so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional association in our brain,it is difficult,and sometimes impossible,to change it."Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain,"says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance,we can be more aware of things that make us angry,and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures,in their languages and customs.But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.Two people might feel different emotions about the same thing.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干第二篇Love or Hate?We have saved as a final set of emotions to two most important emotions connected with other people:love and its opposite,hate.Love can be seen everywhere.Yet surprisingly,love has been the subject of less scientific research than other emotions,such as anger and fear. The reason for this may be two fold.Firstly,love is a very complex emotion,difficult to describe and measure. Secondly,unlike many radical emotions,radical love is generally not a problem. Thus less medical attention has been paid to it.What is love?This is a complex question and requires a complex answer. Love is a strong,positive attraction and feeling for another person or thing. But it is more than this.It also involves feeling of caring,protection,excitement,and tenderness.When two people are in love,they feel drawn to one another;they greatly enjoy each other's company;and they may be sexually attracted to one another.Sometimes it is easier to think in terms of different kinds of love:romantic love,brotherly love, and so forth.Though they are different in some respects,they share one important characteristic: a strong positive feeling toward another.Our feelings toward other people are often complex.We may love someone and,at the same time,be angry with him.Or we may love someone,even though we are jealous of him.We mighi even love someone and,at the same time,hate for some precise reason.Hate is a strong negative emotion toward someone,and is due to anger,jealousy,or some other factor. Like love,hate can be a very strong emotion.It can also be very dangerous.The question is often asked,"Is it bad to hate?"The best answer is probably" sometimes yes and sometimes no." Usually hate does not help us.It makes us feel unhappy and makes us do things that may hurt others.However,sometimes it may be necessary to hate and hurt someone in order to protect loved ones.Love is a lasting,strong,positive attraction and feeling for another person or thing,the very opposite emotion of which is__________.A:anger B:fearC:jealousy D:hate

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考题共用题干第二篇The Privileged ChildrenLife really should be one long journey of joy for children who are born with a world of wealth at their tiny feet.But experts on psychological research now believe that silver spoons can leave a bitter taste.If suicide statistics are a sign of happiness,then the rich are a miserable lot. Figures show that it is the rich who most often do away with themselves.Dr. Robert Coles,an internationally famous doctor,is the world's top expert on the influence of money on children.He has written a well-received book on the subject,The Privileged Ones,and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little."Ohviously there are certain advantages to being rich,"says the 53-year-old doctor,"such as better health,education and future work expectations.But most important is the quality of family life. Money can't buy love."It can buy a lot of other things,though,and that's where the trouble starts.Rich kjds have so much to choose from that they often become confused.Their parents' over favoring can make them spoiled.They tend to travel more than other children,from home to home and country to country, which often makes them feel restless."But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world,"adds Mr Coles, "and they are more self-assured."Today's rich parents perhaps have realized that their riches can be more of a burden than a favor to their children.So their priority is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.According to the passage,children of rich families_______.A:enjoy traveling B:can buy loveC:usually commit suicide D:are not always happy

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考题共用题干第二篇The Privileged ChildrenLife really should be one long journey of joy for children who are born with a world of wealth at their tiny feet.But experts on psychological research now believe that silver spoons can leave a bitter taste.If suicide statistics are a sign of happiness,then the rich are a miserable lot. Figures show that it is the rich who most often do away with themselves.Dr. Robert Coles,an internationally famous doctor,is the world's top expert on the influence of money on children.He has written a well-received book on the subject,The Privileged Ones,and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little."Ohviously there are certain advantages to being rich,"says the 53-year-old doctor,"such as better health,education and future work expectations.But most important is the quality of family life. Money can't buy love."It can buy a lot of other things,though,and that's where the trouble starts.Rich kjds have so much to choose from that they often become confused.Their parents' over favoring can make them spoiled.They tend to travel more than other children,from home to home and country to country, which often makes them feel restless."But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world,"adds Mr Coles, "and they are more self-assured."Today's rich parents perhaps have realized that their riches can be more of a burden than a favor to their children.So their priority is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.This article is written mainly to tell readers that_________.A:the rich are more likely to do away with themselvesB:money can bring a lot of things,including loveC:life is always happy for children of rich parentsD:rich parents should realize what important in the family is love rather than money

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考题共用题干第二篇The Privileged ChildrenLife really should be one long journey of joy for children who are born with a world of wealth at their tiny feet.But experts on psychological research now believe that silver spoons can leave a bitter taste.If suicide statistics are a sign of happiness,then the rich are a miserable lot. Figures show that it is the rich who most often do away with themselves.Dr. Robert Coles,an internationally famous doctor,is the world's top expert on the influence of money on children.He has written a well-received book on the subject,The Privileged Ones,and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little."Ohviously there are certain advantages to being rich,"says the 53-year-old doctor,"such as better health,education and future work expectations.But most important is the quality of family life. Money can't buy love."It can buy a lot of other things,though,and that's where the trouble starts.Rich kjds have so much to choose from that they often become confused.Their parents' over favoring can make them spoiled.They tend to travel more than other children,from home to home and country to country, which often makes them feel restless."But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world,"adds Mr Coles, "and they are more self-assured."Today's rich parents perhaps have realized that their riches can be more of a burden than a favor to their children.So their priority is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?A:It is love that is always lacking in rich and poor families alike.B:Silver spoons can sometimes leave a bitter taste.C:Money can't buy everything.D:Rich children are often confused because they have so much to choose from.

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考题共用题干 In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry?We don't know the reason,but we can see the emotion in his face.What- ever culture you come from,you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.Forty years ago,psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California,San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings.He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions.Then he showed them to the Fore people,who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces,but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger,happiness,sad- ness,disgust,fear,and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse.He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere.He did more research in Japan,Brazil,and Argentina,and got the same results.According to Ekman,these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.Theydeveloped to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us.Some emotional triggers are universal as well.When something suddenly comes into sight,people feel fear,because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example,two people might smell newly cut grass.One person spent won- derful summers in the country as a child,so the smell makes him happy.The other person remembers work- ing very hard on a farm and being hungry,so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional association in our brain,it is difficult,and sometimes impossible,to change it."Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain,"says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance,we can be more aware of things that make us angry,and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures,in their languages and customs.But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.Americans get angry more often than the Fore people from New Guinea.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干第二篇Love or Hate?We have saved as a final set of emotions to two most important emotions connected with other people:love and its opposite,hate.Love can be seen everywhere.Yet surprisingly,love has been the subject of less scientific research than other emotions,such as anger and fear. The reason for this may be two fold.Firstly,love is a very complex emotion,difficult to describe and measure. Secondly,unlike many radical emotions,radical love is generally not a problem. Thus less medical attention has been paid to it.What is love?This is a complex question and requires a complex answer. Love is a strong,positive attraction and feeling for another person or thing. But it is more than this.It also involves feeling of caring,protection,excitement,and tenderness.When two people are in love,they feel drawn to one another;they greatly enjoy each other's company;and they may be sexually attracted to one another.Sometimes it is easier to think in terms of different kinds of love:romantic love,brotherly love, and so forth.Though they are different in some respects,they share one important characteristic: a strong positive feeling toward another.Our feelings toward other people are often complex.We may love someone and,at the same time,be angry with him.Or we may love someone,even though we are jealous of him.We mighi even love someone and,at the same time,hate for some precise reason.Hate is a strong negative emotion toward someone,and is due to anger,jealousy,or some other factor. Like love,hate can be a very strong emotion.It can also be very dangerous.The question is often asked,"Is it bad to hate?"The best answer is probably" sometimes yes and sometimes no." Usually hate does not help us.It makes us feel unhappy and makes us do things that may hurt others.However,sometimes it may be necessary to hate and hurt someone in order to protect loved ones.The word"saved"in the first sentence of this passage means___________.A:left B:relaxedC:set free D:kept up

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考题共用题干 In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry?We don't know the reason,but we can see the emotion in his face.What- ever culture you come from,you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.Forty years ago,psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California,San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings.He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions.Then he showed them to the Fore people,who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces,but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger,happiness,sad- ness,disgust,fear,and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse.He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere.He did more research in Japan,Brazil,and Argentina,and got the same results.According to Ekman,these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.Theydeveloped to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us.Some emotional triggers are universal as well.When something suddenly comes into sight,people feel fear,because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example,two people might smell newly cut grass.One person spent won- derful summers in the country as a child,so the smell makes him happy.The other person remembers work- ing very hard on a farm and being hungry,so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional association in our brain,it is difficult,and sometimes impossible,to change it."Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain,"says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance,we can be more aware of things that make us angry,and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures,in their languages and customs.But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.People of different cultures smile when they understand each other.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干第二篇Love or Hate?We have saved as a final set of emotions to two most important emotions connected with other people:love and its opposite,hate.Love can be seen everywhere.Yet surprisingly,love has been the subject of less scientific research than other emotions,such as anger and fear. The reason for this may be two fold.Firstly,love is a very complex emotion,difficult to describe and measure. Secondly,unlike many radical emotions,radical love is generally not a problem. Thus less medical attention has been paid to it.What is love?This is a complex question and requires a complex answer. Love is a strong,positive attraction and feeling for another person or thing. But it is more than this.It also involves feeling of caring,protection,excitement,and tenderness.When two people are in love,they feel drawn to one another;they greatly enjoy each other's company;and they may be sexually attracted to one another.Sometimes it is easier to think in terms of different kinds of love:romantic love,brotherly love, and so forth.Though they are different in some respects,they share one important characteristic: a strong positive feeling toward another.Our feelings toward other people are often complex.We may love someone and,at the same time,be angry with him.Or we may love someone,even though we are jealous of him.We mighi even love someone and,at the same time,hate for some precise reason.Hate is a strong negative emotion toward someone,and is due to anger,jealousy,or some other factor. Like love,hate can be a very strong emotion.It can also be very dangerous.The question is often asked,"Is it bad to hate?"The best answer is probably" sometimes yes and sometimes no." Usually hate does not help us.It makes us feel unhappy and makes us do things that may hurt others.However,sometimes it may be necessary to hate and hurt someone in order to protect loved ones.Which of the following is true?A:Love has been the subject of less scientific research because it is too simple an emotion.B:Radical love is so difficult to describe and measure that less medical attention has been paid to it.C:To hate is always too bad.D:We can have at the same time two opposite feelings for another.

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考题共用题干第二篇The Privileged ChildrenLife really should be one long journey of joy for children who are born with a world of wealth at their tiny feet.But experts on psychological research now believe that silver spoons can leave a bitter taste.If suicide statistics are a sign of happiness,then the rich are a miserable lot. Figures show that it is the rich who most often do away with themselves.Dr. Robert Coles,an internationally famous doctor,is the world's top expert on the influence of money on children.He has written a well-received book on the subject,The Privileged Ones,and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little."Ohviously there are certain advantages to being rich,"says the 53-year-old doctor,"such as better health,education and future work expectations.But most important is the quality of family life. Money can't buy love."It can buy a lot of other things,though,and that's where the trouble starts.Rich kjds have so much to choose from that they often become confused.Their parents' over favoring can make them spoiled.They tend to travel more than other children,from home to home and country to country, which often makes them feel restless."But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world,"adds Mr Coles, "and they are more self-assured."Today's rich parents perhaps have realized that their riches can be more of a burden than a favor to their children.So their priority is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.The expression"silver spoons"in Paragraph 1 means_________.A:very expensive spoons B:rich peopleC:wealth D:spoons made of silver

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考题共用题干第二篇Love or Hate?We have saved as a final set of emotions to two most important emotions connected with other people:love and its opposite,hate.Love can be seen everywhere.Yet surprisingly,love has been the subject of less scientific research than other emotions,such as anger and fear. The reason for this may be two fold.Firstly,love is a very complex emotion,difficult to describe and measure. Secondly,unlike many radical emotions,radical love is generally not a problem. Thus less medical attention has been paid to it.What is love?This is a complex question and requires a complex answer. Love is a strong,positive attraction and feeling for another person or thing. But it is more than this.It also involves feeling of caring,protection,excitement,and tenderness.When two people are in love,they feel drawn to one another;they greatly enjoy each other's company;and they may be sexually attracted to one another.Sometimes it is easier to think in terms of different kinds of love:romantic love,brotherly love, and so forth.Though they are different in some respects,they share one important characteristic: a strong positive feeling toward another.Our feelings toward other people are often complex.We may love someone and,at the same time,be angry with him.Or we may love someone,even though we are jealous of him.We mighi even love someone and,at the same time,hate for some precise reason.Hate is a strong negative emotion toward someone,and is due to anger,jealousy,or some other factor. Like love,hate can be a very strong emotion.It can also be very dangerous.The question is often asked,"Is it bad to hate?"The best answer is probably" sometimes yes and sometimes no." Usually hate does not help us.It makes us feel unhappy and makes us do things that may hurt others.However,sometimes it may be necessary to hate and hurt someone in order to protect loved ones.Which characteristic is shared by different kinds of love? A: A strong negative emotion toward someone.B:A strong positive feeling toward another.C:Unhappy feeling toward another.D:Jealous feeling toward someone.

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考题共用题干第二篇The Privileged ChildrenLife really should be one long journey of joy for children who are born with a world of wealth at their tiny feet.But experts on psychological research now believe that silver spoons can leave a bitter taste.If suicide statistics are a sign of happiness,then the rich are a miserable lot. Figures show that it is the rich who most often do away with themselves.Dr. Robert Coles,an internationally famous doctor,is the world's top expert on the influence of money on children.He has written a well-received book on the subject,The Privileged Ones,and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little."Ohviously there are certain advantages to being rich,"says the 53-year-old doctor,"such as better health,education and future work expectations.But most important is the quality of family life. Money can't buy love."It can buy a lot of other things,though,and that's where the trouble starts.Rich kjds have so much to choose from that they often become confused.Their parents' over favoring can make them spoiled.They tend to travel more than other children,from home to home and country to country, which often makes them feel restless."But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world,"adds Mr Coles, "and they are more self-assured."Today's rich parents perhaps have realized that their riches can be more of a burden than a favor to their children.So their priority is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.Dr. Robert Coles believes that________.A:being rich has as many advantages as being poorB:rich children often get too little entertainmentC:rich children sometimes can't enjoy the thing they are most in need ofD:rich children aren't given enough things

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考题共用题干 The Biology of MusicHumans use music as a powerful way to communicate.It may also play an important role in love.But what is music,and how does it work its magic?Science does not yet have all the answers.What are two things that make humans different from animals?One is language,and the other is music.It is true that some animals can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).However,the songs of animals,such as birds and whales,are very limited.It is also true that humans,not animals,have developed musical instruments.Music is strange stuff.It is clearly different from language.However,people can use music to communicate things-especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song,it is a very powerful form of communication.But,biologically speaking,what is music?If music is truly different from speech,then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.Sometimes people who , suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language.However,they don't automatically（自动地）lose their musical abilities.For example , Vissarion Shebalin , a Russian composer , had a stroke（中风）in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could,however,still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand,sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability,but they can still speak and understand speech.This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.By studying the physical effects of music on the body,scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions.But why does music have such a strong effect on us?That is a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller,a researcher at University College,London,thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires special talent,practice,and physical ability.That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's mate.For example,singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remember the notes（音符）.And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally,when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa),it may be a way of showing off.However,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists,this is clearly an area that needs further research.Music can NOT be used______.A:as an efficient way to communicateB:as an effective tool to perform magic tricksC:to successfully seek after a loverD:to influence the emotions of humans

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考题共用题干 The Biology of MusicHumans use music as a powerful way to communicate.It may also play an important role in love.But what is music,and how does it work its magic?Science does not yet have all the answers.What are two things that make humans different from animals?One is language,and the other is music.It is true that some animals can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).However,the songs of animals,such as birds and whales,are very limited.It is also true that humans,not animals,have developed musical instruments.Music is strange stuff.It is clearly different from language.However,people can use music to communicate things-especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song,it is a very powerful form of communication.But,biologically speaking,what is music?If music is truly different from speech,then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.Sometimes people who , suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language.However,they don't automatically（自动地）lose their musical abilities.For example , Vissarion Shebalin , a Russian composer , had a stroke（中风）in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could,however,still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand,sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability,but they can still speak and understand speech.This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.By studying the physical effects of music on the body,scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions.But why does music have such a strong effect on us?That is a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller,a researcher at University College,London,thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires special talent,practice,and physical ability.That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's mate.For example,singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remember the notes（音符）.And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally,when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa),it may be a way of showing off.However,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists,this is clearly an area that needs further research.Humans are different from animals because______.A:they have different languages and musicB:they have different languages and communicationsC:they have different songs and languagesD:they have different music and songs

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考题资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1) 　　Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2) 　　Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3) 　　Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4) 　　To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5) 　　Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6) 　　Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7) 　　 Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8) 　　Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9) 　　 Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10) 　　“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abouA.Neutral B.Positive C.Negative D.Critical

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考题资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1) 　　Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2) 　　Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3) 　　Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4) 　　To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5) 　　Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6) 　　Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7) 　　 Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8) 　　Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9) 　　 Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10) 　　“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abouA.It is important for robots to learn about the context so as to understand human emotions. B.Whether humanoids will have human emotions themselves still remains unclear. C.It is a stigma for robots to have different layers of human emotions. D.The nature of human emotions will hinder the development of humanoids.

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考题资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1) 　　Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2) 　　Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3) 　　Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4) 　　To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5) 　　Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6) 　　Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7) 　　 Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8) 　　Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9) 　　 Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10) 　　“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abouA.it is not meaningful for robots to have the appearance of human B.people who make the appearance of robots very human-like should be blamed C.people need to pay more attention to the development of robots’functions D.the appearance of robots has become more and more emotional

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考题 There have been many（）in their marriage but they still love each other.Aright and wrongBback and forthCups and downsDright and left

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考题 I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.From the passage we know that （）.A、the author complains about her parents" being too understandingB、the author has been studying marriages for more than 20 yearsC、people divorced mainly because they didn"t love each otherD、some people divorced because they couldn"t understand each other

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考题 I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.If we are to understand our partners, we should firstly （）.A、have willingness to do soB、have love for themC、get into connection with themD、care about them

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考题单选题I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.Why are we unable to understand the others sometimesA Because we are caring the others too much.B Because it is quite difficult to understand the others.C Because we believe we are always right.D Because the others have done something wrong.

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考题单选题What is the main idea of this passage?A How regret is understood by a typical American.B Common regret is more important than love and hate.C Why regret is more important than love and hate.D How regret has shaped Americans.

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考题单选题I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.In this passage, the expression "walk in the shoes of" is similar in meaning to （）.A befriendB understandC loveD care about

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考题单选题I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.Which of the following statements is true according to the passageA Understanding is more important to parenting relationship than to other intimate relationships.B Understanding is less important than love as far as marriage is concerned.C Understanding is more important than love to some degree.D Understanding is more often neglected in parenting relationship.

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考题单选题I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.If we are to understand our partners, we should firstly （）.A have willingness to do soB have love for themC get into connection with themD care about them

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考题单选题I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships. As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding. And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other. The painful reality is that love is just not enough. I"ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand. I hope I"ll continue my work to understand them. The willingness to understand is very important. It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand. Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water. Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about. Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us. I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships. As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together. Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love. The deeper our empathy, the deeper—and healthier—our love. Not all relationships are meant to be. Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.From the passage we know that （）.A the author complains about her parents" being too understandingB the author has been studying marriages for more than 20 yearsC people divorced mainly because they didn"t love each otherD some people divorced because they couldn"t understand each other

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