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共用题干
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.
The patient's life was expected to last several years longer by implanting the artificial heart.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
参考答案
参考解析
解析：由文章第二段第一句“Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday."，可知，被植入的人工 心脏是由钦和塑料合成的，故应选A。
由文章第三段第一句中“doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend theperson' s life by only a month”可知，医生只指望人工心脏能延长病人大约一个月的生命，而不 是几年，故应选B。
第一段、第四段和第八段对独立心脏和机械心脏的构造作了介绍，从中可以看到两者 所用的动力、是否要电线、软管与体外连接以及体积大小都不相同，故此题应选B。
在第五段， Faxon说“这可能是人工心脏发展中的一次重大飞跃”，还说“很显然，这只是 一个实验装置，其能否长期成功使用还有待证实”，并且在等待移植手术的4,200人中，仅有鱿 一半的人得到了移植。故应选B。
第五段中，Faxon认为“可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实”，它仍处于实验阶 段，故应选B。
第五段提到“去年等待别人捐献心脏的4,200个美国人中只有大约一半人接受到推 献”，也就是大约2,100人，故应选A。
第六段提到“有些医生说人工心脏不太可能代替捐献的心脏”，第七段提到“移植得好， 一个捐献的心脏可存活15～30年，而这一点机器是很难代替的”，可见他们对人工心脏是持怀 疑态度的，故应选A。
由文章第三段第一句中“doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend theperson' s life by only a month”可知，医生只指望人工心脏能延长病人大约一个月的生命，而不 是几年，故应选B。
第一段、第四段和第八段对独立心脏和机械心脏的构造作了介绍，从中可以看到两者 所用的动力、是否要电线、软管与体外连接以及体积大小都不相同，故此题应选B。
在第五段， Faxon说“这可能是人工心脏发展中的一次重大飞跃”，还说“很显然，这只是 一个实验装置，其能否长期成功使用还有待证实”，并且在等待移植手术的4,200人中，仅有鱿 一半的人得到了移植。故应选B。
第五段中，Faxon认为“可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实”，它仍处于实验阶 段，故应选B。
第五段提到“去年等待别人捐献心脏的4,200个美国人中只有大约一半人接受到推 献”，也就是大约2,100人，故应选A。
第六段提到“有些医生说人工心脏不太可能代替捐献的心脏”，第七段提到“移植得好， 一个捐献的心脏可存活15～30年，而这一点机器是很难代替的”，可见他们对人工心脏是持怀 疑态度的，故应选A。
更多 “共用题干 First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery- powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washingmachine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.The patient's life was expected to last several years longer by implanting the artificial heart.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned” 相关考题
考题
On a ship, the locker or space containing the self-contained breathing apparatus must _____.A.be located in close proximity to the main control stationB.be equipped with battery powered emergency lightingC.be marked SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUSD.All of the above
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共用题干
Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP_________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
考题
共用题干
Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
考题
共用题干
First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin. Approximately two thousand one hundred patients received heart implantation in America last year.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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共用题干
First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin. The American Heart Association recommended widely using the self-contained heart.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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共用题干
First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin. Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin. The pump of the first implanted self-contained heart was made of titanium and plastic.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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共用题干
First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin. The patient's life was expected to last several years longer by implanting the artificial heart.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump dur-ing a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is con-sidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an appara-tus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an im-plantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality,"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin. Dr. David Faxon believed that the implantable,permanent artificial heart will certainly be developed in the future.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
Surgery Involving the Heart1 The heart-lung machine(pump-oxygenator)is a valuable addition to the modern operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done.There are several types of machines in use,all of which serve as a temporary substitute for the patient's heart and lungs.2 The machine siphons off the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs.The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries.While passing through the machine,the blood is oxygenated by means of an oxygen inlet,and carbon dioxide is removed by various chemical means.These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue.While in the machine,the blood is also deformed to be sure that all air bubbles are removed,since such bubbles could be fatal to the patient byobstructing blood vessels.An electric motor in the machine serves as a pump during the surgical procedure to distribute the processed blood throughout the body by means of the artery mentioned above.3 Diseased valves may become deformed and scarred from endocarditis so that they are ineffective and often obstructive.In some cases a special small knife can be inserted into the heart chamber and the valve can be cut so that it no longer obstructs the blood flow. The valve may even become partially functional.In other cases there may be so much damage that replacement is the only resort. Substitute valves,made of plastic materials have proved to be a lifesaving measure for many patients.Very thin butterfly valves made of dacron（涤纶）or other synthetic material have also been successfully used.4 Artificial hearts or parts of hearts designed to assist the ventricles in their pumping function have not proved as successful as the artificial valves.However,research continues and it is quite possible that an effective device may soon be ready for use.More spectacular is the transplantation of a human heart from the body of a person who has recently died.Tissues of the donor and the recipient should be as closely matched as possible to avoid rejection by the recipient's antibody mechanism.This rejection syndrome is the most serious problem related to heart transplants.The heart-lung machine is an essential helper for surgeons________.A:and finally they fail to function properlyB:to perform many surgical operations on the chestC:when it passes through the heart-lung machineD:and they no longer obstruct the blood flowE:to match tissues of the donor and the recipientF: when the ineffective valves are replaced by artificial ones
考题
共用题干
第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."It can be inferred from the passage that donor hearts______.A:will be replaced by self-contained artificial hearts sooner or laterB:are more popular and cheaper than self-contained artificial heartsC:saved the lives of about 2,100 Americans the year before the reportD:can help patients survive less than 15 years if they are in good transplant
考题
共用题干World Heart Day
Sunday was World Heart Day.The World Heart Federation and its member groups in
more than one hundred countries organized the celebrations.The World Health
Organization and other United Nations agencies provided support for the__________(1).
World Heart Day was first observed six years________(2).Organizers proposed
the event as a way to help reduce the spread of heart disease.The World Heart Federation
says heart_________(3)kills seventeen million people each year.
The group urges people to be active and have a good,healthy diet.It also warns
_________(4)activities known to increase a persons risk of heart attack or stroke.
Some of the warnings are directed at children.The World Heart Federation says about
twenty-two million boys and girls under the age of five are obese-severely overweight.
Children are normally energetic and active.________(5),two thirds of all
children are not active enough.Such children greatly__________(6)their risk of
becoming obese.They also increase their_________(7)of developing heart disease or
other disorders.
One message of World Heart Day is to eat right.Children__________(8)eat a
healthy and balanced diet.Also,limit sugary drinks,sweets and eating between meals.
The World Heart Federation urges parents to keep their children__________(9).It
says physical exercise helps to decrease the risk of obesity and_______(10)a child
healthy.Obese children often become obese adults.________(11)you believe your
child is too heavy,talk with a health care provider.
The World Heart Federation is also concerned about the effects of tobacco on young
people.It says the younger someone begins to smoke,the_________(12)the chance
of a health problem tied to smoking.Half of the young people who continue to smoke are
________(13)to die later in life from a smoking-related disease.
The group says almost half of all children live with a smoker. It says children who live
with a_________(14)can breathe an amount of tobacco equal to more than two
thousand cigarettes.And that is by the time they are five years old.
The World Heart Federation also says parents should warn children not to be
______(15)by tobacco companies.And it says parents who smoke should try to stop._________(10) A:maintains B: protects C: keeps D:helps
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First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery- powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washingmachine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.There is no difference in structure between the self-contained heart and the mechanical heart.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."We can learn from Paragraph 4 that the Jarvic-7 is_____.A:the most expensive mechanical heartB:a mechanical heart used in the 1980sC:as advanced as AbioCorD:replacing AbioCor
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第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."According to the report,the patient who received the first self-contained heart______.A:was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operationB:could not afford a donor heartC:died two months after the heart implantationD:was reluctant to release his or her personal information
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First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery- powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washingmachine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else in the world.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."According to Dr.David Faxon,the self-contained heart is______.A:a milestone in the artificial heart developmentB:still in the experimental stageC:an implantable,permanent artificial heartD:unavailable to all those Americans waiting for donor hearts
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Surgery Involving the Heart1 The heart-lung machine(pump-oxygenator)is a valuable addition to the modern operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done.There are several types of machines in use,all of which serve as a temporary substitute for the patient's heart and lungs.2 The machine siphons off the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs.The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries.While passing through the machine,the blood is oxygenated by means of an oxygen inlet,and carbon dioxide is removed by various chemical means.These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue.While in the machine,the blood is also deformed to be sure that all air bubbles are removed,since such bubbles could be fatal to the patient byobstructing blood vessels.An electric motor in the machine serves as a pump during the surgical procedure to distribute the processed blood throughout the body by means of the artery mentioned above.3 Diseased valves may become deformed and scarred from endocarditis so that they are ineffective and often obstructive.In some cases a special small knife can be inserted into the heart chamber and the valve can be cut so that it no longer obstructs the blood flow. The valve may even become partially functional.In other cases there may be so much damage that replacement is the only resort. Substitute valves,made of plastic materials have proved to be a lifesaving measure for many patients.Very thin butterfly valves made of dacron（涤纶）or other synthetic material have also been successfully used.4 Artificial hearts or parts of hearts designed to assist the ventricles in their pumping function have not proved as successful as the artificial valves.However,research continues and it is quite possible that an effective device may soon be ready for use.More spectacular is the transplantation of a human heart from the body of a person who has recently died.Tissues of the donor and the recipient should be as closely matched as possible to avoid rejection by the recipient's antibody mechanism.This rejection syndrome is the most serious problem related to heart transplants.Paragraph 3________ A:The Heart TransplantationB:How the Heart-lung Machine WorksC:A Machine Making Many Kinds of Thoracic Operations PossibleD:A Temporary Substitute for the Diseased ValveE:Operations on Cardiac Valves and Substitutes for ValvesF: How Every Part of the Heart Performs Its Function
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Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery- powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washingmachine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.Dr. David Faxon believed that the implantable,permanent artificial heart will certainly be developed in the future.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery- powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washingmachine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.The pump of the first implanted self-contained heart was made of titanium and plastic.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The first two paragraphs tell that the self-contained artificial heart_____.A:had brought the patient to the brink of deathB:did not need to get power from outside the bodyC:was made of titanium and pumpD:was invented by two surgeons from the University of Louisville
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Surgery Involving the Heart1 The heart-lung machine(pump-oxygenator)is a valuable addition to the modern operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done.There are several types of machines in use,all of which serve as a temporary substitute for the patient's heart and lungs.2 The machine siphons off the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs.The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries.While passing through the machine,the blood is oxygenated by means of an oxygen inlet,and carbon dioxide is removed by various chemical means.These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue.While in the machine,the blood is also deformed to be sure that all air bubbles are removed,since such bubbles could be fatal to the patient byobstructing blood vessels.An electric motor in the machine serves as a pump during the surgical procedure to distribute the processed blood throughout the body by means of the artery mentioned above.3 Diseased valves may become deformed and scarred from endocarditis so that they are ineffective and often obstructive.In some cases a special small knife can be inserted into the heart chamber and the valve can be cut so that it no longer obstructs the blood flow. The valve may even become partially functional.In other cases there may be so much damage that replacement is the only resort. Substitute valves,made of plastic materials have proved to be a lifesaving measure for many patients.Very thin butterfly valves made of dacron（涤纶）or other synthetic material have also been successfully used.4 Artificial hearts or parts of hearts designed to assist the ventricles in their pumping function have not proved as successful as the artificial valves.However,research continues and it is quite possible that an effective device may soon be ready for use.More spectacular is the transplantation of a human heart from the body of a person who has recently died.Tissues of the donor and the recipient should be as closely matched as possible to avoid rejection by the recipient's antibody mechanism.This rejection syndrome is the most serious problem related to heart transplants.Endocarditis may cause valves to be damaged________.A:and finally they fail to function properlyB:to perform many surgical operations on the chestC:when it passes through the heart-lung machineD:and they no longer obstruct the blood flowE:to match tissues of the donor and the recipientF: when the ineffective valves are replaced by artificial ones
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Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.The study actually proved for the first time the benefit of stem cell therapy.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery- powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washingmachine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.Approximately two thousand one hundred patients received heart implantation in America last year.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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单选题A ship must have a self-contained breathing apparatus to be used as protection from gas leaking from a refrigeration unit. To meet this requirement，you may use（）.A
a gas mask certified by the Mine Safety and Health AdministrationB
the same self-contained breathing apparatus required with the fireman's outfitC
an oxygen breathing apparatus，provided that the device has been inspected within three yearsD
a portable ventilation system that will provide a complete change of air every three minutes
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