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Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to
A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics
B.discuss influentials'function in spreading ideas
C.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics
D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
B.discuss influentials'function in spreading ideas
C.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics
D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
参考答案
参考解析
解析：文章提到Tipping Point这本书描述社会流行风潮是由一小部分名人引起的，然而，笔锋一转在首段末又说“it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.”进而引出作者对名人传播想法功能的讨论。由此B选项正确。而A项错在consequences，文中并没有讨论社会潮流的后果问题，而是谈到社会潮流的原因（driven）。C项利用第一段最后一句中的intuitively设置的干扰，但文中并没有提到人类对社会流行的直觉反应；潮人的特征属于书中的具体内容，属于就事论事，排除D项。【补充】报刊杂志文章的首段通常引人入胜，目的是引出本文主题。
更多 “Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends toA.analyze the consequences of social epidemics B.discuss influentials'function in spreading ideas C.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.” 相关考题
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考题
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考题
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考题
Passage 1
In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．
In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．
The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．
What the researchers have observed recently shows that__________．查看材料A.the power of influence goes with social interactions
B.interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media
C.influentials have more channels to reach the public
D.most celebrities enjoy wide media attention
考题
Which of the following activities is often used to develop students′ speaking accuracy
A.Identifying and correcting oral mistakes．
B.Acting out the dialogue in the text．
C.Having discussions in groups．
D.Describing people in pair．
考题
Passage 1
In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．
In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．
The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．
The underlined phrase"these people"in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones who__________．查看材料A.stay outside the network of social influence
B.have little contact with the source of influence
C.are influenced and then influence others
D.are influenced by the initial influential
考题
Passage 1
In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．
In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．
The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．
The author suggests that the"two-step flow theory"__________．查看材料A.serves as a solution to marketing problems
B.has helped explain certain prevalent trends
C.has won support from influentials
D.requires solid evidence for its validity
考题
Passage 1
In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．
In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．
The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．
By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to__________．查看材料A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics
B.discuss influentials'function in spreading ideas
C.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics
D.describe the essential characteristics ofinfluentials
考题
Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?A.The eagerness to be accepted
B.The impulse to influence others
C.The readiness to be influenced
D.The inclination to rely on others
考题
Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.32.The author suggests that the"two-step-flow theory"A.serves as a solution to marketing problems
B.has helped explain certain prevalent trends
C.has won support from influentials
D.requires solid evidence for its validity
考题
These attempts are usually resisted by powerful people who（ ）from the status quo（社会现状）,and it is often difficult for social movement participants to use the accepted and legal means of producing social change（such as the courts and political institutions）.A.acquire
B.profit
C.prohibit
D.succeed
考题
Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.33.What the researchers have observed recently shows thatA.the power of influence goes with social interactions
B.interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media
C.influentials have more channels to reach the public
D.most celebrities enjoy wide media attention
考题
A writer who wants to convince his readers of a point of view must marshall his arguments assert the virtues of his opinions，and( )the possible protests of the opposition. A.diminish
B.demonstrate
C.declare
D.demolish
考题
单选题请阅读 Passage l,完成第 21~25小题。 Passage1 In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in largepart by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often calledinfluentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. Theidea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actuallyspread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-soundingbut largely untested theory called the two-step flow ofcommunication: Information flows from the media to the influential andfrom them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow becauseit suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selectedpeople will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain thesudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. Inmany such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group ofpeople was wearing promoting, or developingwhatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of thiskind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drivetrends. In their recent work，however，some researchers have come up with the finding that influential havefar less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, theydon 't seem to be required of all.The researchers ' argument stems from a simple observation aboutsocial influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like OprahWinfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, notinterpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a populationsimply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrityinfluentials who，according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive socialepidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, eachperson so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances，who must intum influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to eachof these people has little to do with the initialinfluential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initialinfluential prove resistant. for example, the cascade of change won ' tpropagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth aboutinterpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influenceby conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a numberof variables relating to people's ability to influence others and theirtendency to be influenced. They foundthat the principal requirement for what is called global cascades---the widespreadpropagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but ,rather, of a critical mass of easilyinfluenced people.What the researchers have observed recently shows that_____A
the power of influence goes with social interactionsB
interpersonal links can be enhanced through the mediaC
influentials have more channels to reach the publicD
most celebrities enjoy wide media attention
考题
单选题请阅读 Passage l,完成第 21~25小题。 Passage1 In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics" are driven in largepart by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often calledinfluentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. Theidea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actuallyspread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-soundingbut largely untested theory called the "two-step flow ofcommunication": Information flows from the media to the influential andfrom them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow becauseit suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selectedpeople will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain thesudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. Inmany such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group ofpeople was wearing promoting, or developingwhatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of thiskind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drivetrends. In their recent work，however，some researchers have come up with the finding that influential havefar less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, theydon 't seem to be required of all.The researchers ' argument stems from a simple observation aboutsocial influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like OprahWinfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, notinterpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a populationsimply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrityinfluentials who，according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive socialepidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, eachperson so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances，who must intum influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to eachof these people has little to do with the initialinfluential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initialinfluential prove resistant. for example, the cascade of change won ' tpropagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth aboutinterpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influenceby conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a numberof variables relating to people's ability to influence others and theirtendency to be influenced. They foundthat the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades"---the widespreadpropagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but ,rather, of a critical mass of easilyinfluenced people.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to_____A
analyze the consequences of social epidemicsB
discuss influentials ' function in spreading ideasC
exemplify people ' s intuitive response to social epidemicsD
describe the essential characteristics of influential
考题
单选题（） shall be provided to every oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage and above to record relevant machinery space and cargo/ballast operations.A
Oil Record Book Part ⅠB
Oil Record Book Part ⅡC
Oil Record Book Part Ⅰ or Part ⅡD
Oil Record Book Part Ⅰ and Part Ⅱ
考题
单选题请阅读 Passage l,完成第 21~25小题。 Passage1 In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics" are driven in largepart by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often calledinfluentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. Theidea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actuallyspread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-soundingbut largely untested theory called the "two-step flow ofcommunication": Information flows from the media to the influential andfrom them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow becauseit suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selectedpeople will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain thesudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. Inmany such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group ofpeople was wearing promoting, or developingwhatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of thiskind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drivetrends. In their recent work，however，some researchers have come up with the finding that influential havefar less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, theydon 't seem to be required of all.The researchers ' argument stems from a simple observation aboutsocial influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like OprahWinfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, notinterpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a populationsimply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrityinfluentials who，according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive socialepidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, eachperson so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances，who must intum influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to eachof these people has little to do with the initialinfluential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initialinfluential prove resistant. for example, the cascade of change won ' tpropagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth aboutinterpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influenceby conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a numberof variables relating to people's ability to influence others and theirtendency to be influenced. They foundthat the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades"---the widespreadpropagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but ,rather, of a critical mass of easilyinfluenced people.The author suggests that the "two-step flow theory"____A
serves as a solution to marketing problemsB .has helped explain certain prevalent trendsB
has won support from influentialsC
requires solid evidence for its validity
考题
单选题The lecturer wandered from his text to _____ on a point that had obviously caught his audience's interest.A
elaborateB
interruptC
explainD
stress
考题
单选题请阅读 Passage l,完成第 21~25小题。 Passage1 In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics" are driven in largepart by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often calledinfluentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. Theidea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actuallyspread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-soundingbut largely untested theory called the "two-step flow ofcommunication": Information flows from the media to the influential andfrom them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow becauseit suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selectedpeople will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain thesudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. Inmany such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group ofpeople was wearing promoting, or developingwhatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of thiskind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drivetrends. In their recent work，however，some researchers have come up with the finding that influential havefar less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, theydon 't seem to be required of all.The researchers ' argument stems from a simple observation aboutsocial influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like OprahWinfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, notinterpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a populationsimply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrityinfluentials who，according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive socialepidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, eachperson so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances，who must intum influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to eachof these people has little to do with the initialinfluential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initialinfluential prove resistant. for example, the cascade of change won ' tpropagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth aboutinterpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influenceby conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a numberof variables relating to people's ability to influence others and theirtendency to be influenced. They foundthat the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades"---the widespreadpropagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but ,rather, of a critical mass of easilyinfluenced people.The underlined phrase "these people" in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones who____A
stay outside the network of social influenceB
have little contact with the source of influenceC
are influenced and then influence othersD
are influenced by the initial influential
考题
单选题Now about half of the women who work in social welfare are part-time, as compared to 38% in the private sector.A
guaranteeB
farewellC
well-offD
well-being
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