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共用题干
Clinical Trials

1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people
to use .Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard
treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects.
Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different group,
such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.
2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help,It
is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may
respond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they
have exhausted standard treatment options.Other people participate in trials because they
want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.
3 The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to
ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial.
Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be
unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies
involving new medical treatments.
4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They
should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the
health care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens
during the trial,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone
considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with
participating.

Paragraph 4__________
A: Why are clinical trials done?
B: Where are clinical trials conducted?
C: Who should consider clinical trials and why?
D: What should people know before participating in a clinical trial?
E: What are clinical trials?
F: Are clinical trials safe?

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更多 “共用题干 Clinical Trials1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use .Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects. Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different group, such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help,It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people mayrespond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.3 The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of thehealth care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Paragraph 4__________A: Why are clinical trials done?B: Where are clinical trials conducted?C: Who should consider clinical trials and why?D: What should people know before participating in a clinical trial?E: What are clinical trials?F: Are clinical trials safe?” 相关考题
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考题 共用题干 Clinical Trials1. Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use.Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects.Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population,such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2. It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help.It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options .Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the ad-vancement of medical knowledge.3. The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial.Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4. People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial ,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Paragraph 2______A: Are clinical trials safe?B: What are clinical trials?C: What should people know before participating in a clinical trial?D: Who should consider clinical trials and why?E: Where are clinical trials conducted?F: Why are clinical trials done?
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考题 共用题干 Clinical Trials1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use .Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects. Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different group, such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help,It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people mayrespond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.3 The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of thehealth care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Reliable information should be available to_________.A: for some patientsB: before participationC: in humansD:medical knowledgeE: during the trialF: candidates for clinical trials
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考题 共用题干 Clinical Trials1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use .Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects. Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different group, such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help,It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people mayrespond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.3 The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of thehealth care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Paragraph 1________A: Why are clinical trials done?B: Where are clinical trials conducted?C: Who should consider clinical trials and why?D: What should people know before participating in a clinical trial?E: What are clinical trials?F: Are clinical trials safe?
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考题 共用题干 Clinical Trials1. Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use.Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects.Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population,such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2. It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help.It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options .Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the ad-vancement of medical knowledge.3. The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial.Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4. People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial ,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. New drugs or devices must be tested before being used______.A: candidates for clinical trialsB: during the trialC: medical knowledgeD: in humansE: before participationF: for some patients
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考题 共用题干 Clinical Trials1. Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use.Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects.Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population,such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2. It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help.It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options .Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the ad-vancement of medical knowledge.3. The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial.Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4. People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial ,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Learn as much as you can about a clinical trial______.A: candidates for clinical trialsB: during the trialC: medical knowledgeD: in humansE: before participationF: for some patients
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考题 共用题干 Clinical Trials1. Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use.Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects.Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population,such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2. It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help.It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options .Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the ad-vancement of medical knowledge.3. The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial.Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4. People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial ,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Reliable information should be available to______.A: candidates for clinical trialsB: during the trialC: medical knowledgeD: in humansE: before participationF: for some patients
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考题 共用题干 Clinical Trials1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use .Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects. Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different group, such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help,It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people mayrespond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.3 The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of thehealth care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Learn as much as you can about a clinical trial_________.A: for some patientsB: before participationC: in humansD:medical knowledgeE: during the trialF: candidates for clinical trials
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考题 共用题干 Clinical Trials1. Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use.Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects.Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population,such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2. It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help.It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options .Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the ad-vancement of medical knowledge.3. The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial.Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4. People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial ,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Clinical trials provide the only hope______.A: candidates for clinical trialsB: during the trialC: medical knowledgeD: in humansE: before participationF: for some patients
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考题 共用题干 Clinical Trials1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use .Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective,easier to use,and/or decrease side effects. Sometimes,studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different group, such as children,in whom the treatment was not previously tested.2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help,It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people mayrespond differently to treatments.Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options.Other people participate in trials because they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.3 The FDA（食品及药物管理局）works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants,some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent（内在的）in medical research studies involving new medical treatments.4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them.They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of thehealth care team. Prospective（预期的）participants should understand what happens during the trial,the type of health care they will receive,and any costs to them.Anyone considering a clinical trial should also know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. Clinical trials provide the only hope_________.A: for some patientsB: before participationC: in humansD:medical knowledgeE: during the trialF: candidates for clinical trials
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考题 共用题干 Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted EarlyAn increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated,say Italian researchers,who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.The researchers looked at 25 randomized,controlled clinical trials that were stopped ear-ly because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.“When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007,we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials一more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years,”study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007,the researchers found that 11(79 percent)of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S.Food and Drug Administration.“This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely.In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies.On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an ‘immature’benefit/risk balance of new drugs,”Apolone said.He and his colleagues“are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing ben-efit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients.However,findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation.”It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treat-ment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration（持续时间）of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months,with a range from 12 to 64 months.They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped,they'd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.“Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there's proof beyond rea- sonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior.That would be an ethical obligation,” Stuart Pocock,a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropi-cal Medicine in the United Kingdom,said at the news conference.“However,too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy（功效）without strong evidence being available.”The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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考题 共用题干 Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted EarlyAn increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated,say Italian researchers,who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.The researchers looked at 25 randomized,controlled clinical trials that were stopped ear-ly because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.“When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007,we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials一more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years,”study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007,the researchers found that 11(79 percent)of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S.Food and Drug Administration.“This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely.In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies.On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an ‘immature’benefit/risk balance of new drugs,”Apolone said.He and his colleagues“are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing ben-efit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients.However,findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation.”It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treat-ment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration（持续时间）of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months,with a range from 12 to 64 months.They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped,they'd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.“Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there's proof beyond rea- sonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior.That would be an ethical obligation,” Stuart Pocock,a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropi-cal Medicine in the United Kingdom,said at the news conference.“However,too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy（功效）without strong evidence being available.”The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participants.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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考题 共用题干 Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted EarlyAn increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated,say Italian researchers,who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.The researchers looked at 25 randomized,controlled clinical trials that were stopped ear-ly because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.“When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007,we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials一more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years,”study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007,the researchers found that 11(79 percent)of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S.Food and Drug Administration.“This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely.In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies.On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an ‘immature’benefit/risk balance of new drugs,”Apolone said.He and his colleagues“are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing ben-efit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients.However,findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation.”It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treat-ment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration（持续时间）of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months,with a range from 12 to 64 months.They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped,they'd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.“Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there's proof beyond rea- sonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior.That would be an ethical obligation,” Stuart Pocock,a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropi-cal Medicine in the United Kingdom,said at the news conference.“However,too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy（功效）without strong evidence being available.”The trials were stopped early because the treatments proved to be of no value.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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考题 共用题干 Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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考题 In modern clinical practice, doctors personally assess patients in order to ______, treat, and prevent disease using clinical judgment.A.remedy B.diagnose C.infect D.judge
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考题 共用题干 第三篇Two People, Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation:Dad's driving,Mum's telling him where to go.He's sure that they need to turn left.But she says it's not for another two blocks.Who has the better sense of direction?Men or women.They both do,a new study says,but in different ways.Men and women,Canadian researchers have found,have different methods of finding their way.Men look quickly at landmarks（地标）and head off in what they think is the right direction.Women,however,try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head."Women tend to be more detailed,"said Edward Cornell,who led the study,"while men tend to be a little bit faster and...a little bit more intuitive（直觉感知的）."In fact,said Cornell,"sense of direction"isn't one skill but two.The first is the"survey method".This is when you see an area from above,such as a printed map.You can see,for example,where the hospital is,where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.The second skill is the"route method".This is when you use a series of directions.You start from the hospital,then turn left,turn right,go uphill一and then you see the supermarket.Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.Both work,and neither is better.Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history.They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.In ancient times,young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt.The trip took hours or day sand covered unfamiliar places.The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks一the mountains,the lakes and soon.The women,on the other hand,took young girls out to find fruits and plants.These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths.So,women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.Women developed a sense of space out of the needA:to go fishing.B:to go hunting.C:to learn well-used paths.D:to go swimming.
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考题 共用题干 第一篇Two People, Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation:Dad's driving,Mum's telling him where to go.He's sure that they need to turn left.But she says it's not for another two blocks.Who has the better sense of direction?Men or women.They both do,a new study says,but in different ways.Men and women,Canadian researchers have found,have different methods of finding their way.Men look quickly at landmarks（地标）and head off in what they think is the right direction.Women,however,try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head." Women tend to be more detailed,"said Edward Cornell,who led the study,"while men tend to be a little bit faster and...a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的）."In fact,said Cornell,"sense of direction"isn't one skill but two.The first is the"survey method".This is when you see an area from above,such as a printed map.You can see,for example,where the hospital is,where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.The second skill is the"route method".This is when you use a series of directions.You start from the hospital,then turn left,turn right,go uphill一and then you see the supermarket.Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.Both work,and neither is better.Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history.They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.In ancient times,young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt.The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places.The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks一the mountains,the lakes and so on.The women , on the other hand , took young girls out to find fruits and plants.These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths.So , women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.When finding his way , Dad tends to rely onA:his intuitive knowledge.B:his book knowledge.C:Mum's assistance.D:the police's assistance.
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考题 共用题干 第一篇Two People, Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation:Dad's driving,Mum's telling him where to go.He's sure that they need to turn left.But she says it's not for another two blocks.Who has the better sense of direction?Men or women.They both do,a new study says,but in different ways.Men and women,Canadian researchers have found,have different methods of finding their way.Men look quickly at landmarks（地标）and head off in what they think is the right direction.Women,however,try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head." Women tend to be more detailed,"said Edward Cornell,who led the study,"while men tend to be a little bit faster and...a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的）."In fact,said Cornell,"sense of direction"isn't one skill but two.The first is the"survey method".This is when you see an area from above,such as a printed map.You can see,for example,where the hospital is,where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.The second skill is the"route method".This is when you use a series of directions.You start from the hospital,then turn left,turn right,go uphill一and then you see the supermarket.Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.Both work,and neither is better.Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history.They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.In ancient times,young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt.The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places.The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks一the mountains,the lakes and so on.The women , on the other hand , took young girls out to find fruits and plants.These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths.So , women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.Women are more likely to useA:the survey method.B:the traditional method.C:the route method.D:the right method.
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考题 共用题干 第一篇Two People, Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation:Dad's driving,Mum's telling him where to go.He's sure that they need to turn left.But she says it's not for another two blocks.Who has the better sense of direction?Men or women.They both do,a new study says,but in different ways.Men and women,Canadian researchers have found,have different methods of finding their way.Men look quickly at landmarks（地标）and head off in what they think is the right direction.Women,however,try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head." Women tend to be more detailed,"said Edward Cornell,who led the study,"while men tend to be a little bit faster and...a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的）."In fact,said Cornell,"sense of direction"isn't one skill but two.The first is the"survey method".This is when you see an area from above,such as a printed map.You can see,for example,where the hospital is,where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.The second skill is the"route method".This is when you use a series of directions.You start from the hospital,then turn left,turn right,go uphill一and then you see the supermarket.Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.Both work,and neither is better.Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history.They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.In ancient times,young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt.The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places.The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks一the mountains,the lakes and so on.The women , on the other hand , took young girls out to find fruits and plants.These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths.So , women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.Women developed a sense of space out of the needA:Ato go fishing.B:to go hunting.C:to learn well-used paths.D:to go swimming.
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