单选题A Helping some of the world’s poorest.B Reducing the debt burden of Africa.C Giving more aid to Africa.D Building democracies and fighting corruption.

考题 Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.One of the most exciting races ever run is now in progress between doctors fighting malaria(疟疾)and mosquitoes. According to the most recent counts 225 million people a year suffer attacks of malaria and more than two million die. Public health workers around the world are doing all t11ev can to destroy malaria before the mosquitoes that pass on the disease become resistant to the poisons now used against them. It's a race against time and against difficulties，with millions of lives in danger and the chances of winning not in man's favour.Malaria，it is true，has been practically wiped out in thirteen countries. including the United States，and is under attack in many others. But it is equally true that in some parts of the world certain types of malaria-carrying mosquitoes have already learned to resist some of the sprays that formerly killed them. Other types of mosquitoes are not killed as quickly by present sprays as they once were.The World Health Organization is helping national governments to get rid of malaria before resistance among the mosquito population becomes so great that new poisons will have to be found to replace those in use at present. Most of the countries in the world have started，or are planning，campaigns against mosquitoes. If the race against resistance is won by man，it is possible that ten years from now dais old evil will have disappeared completely from the America，perhaps from the world.Malaria has been successfully got. rid of in______.A. all countriesB. some countriesC. no countriesD. most countries

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考题 TV’s Influence On Our Daily Life1)TV not only presents us a wonderful world, but also brings some changes to our daily life.2)It is true that TV has the value of giving complete relaxation3)Now we can see that TV has caused enormous problems along with its benefits.

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考题 What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago's Lake Shore Drive?A．They ignored details and proportions.B．They were built with materials popular at that time.C．They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.D．They shared some characteristics of abstract art.

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考题 I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt ________ me.[A] to[B] for[C] of[D] with

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考题 The best title for the text is _______.（）[A] The Problem of World Poverty[B] Mr. Sumner's Research of Poverty[C] The Poverty of Middle,income Countries[D] The Financial Aid of the World Poverty

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考题 Financial aid administrators believe that__________．A.more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses B.the government will receive more letters of complaint C.college tuition fees will double soon D.America’s unemployment will fall

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考题共用题干 On May 1,2006,New York's Empire State Building celebrated its 75th birthday.When it was built in 1931 it was over 61 m taller than its nearest rival,the Chrysler Building,and at 381m remained the tallest in the world for 41 years,until the World Trade Center was completed in 1972- 1973.The story of the Empire State Building begins with two men's race to build the highest man-made structure in the world.In 1889 the central feature of the World's Fair in Pairs was Gustav Eiffel's massive tower,constructed with wrought iron,and standing 300m high.Architects in the United States viewed this as something of a challenge,and by the early 20th century the race was on to erect taller buildings than ever before.Soon skyscrapers were springing up along the New York sky-line.In 1928 the founder of the Chrysler Corporation,Walter Chrysler,announced the building of a huge new skyscraper,taller than anything so far constructed in New York.It soon became clear that the new building was part of Chrysler's aim to challenge the motoring giant General Motors.So John Jakob Raskob,of General Motors,decided to race Chrysler to the top.The final height of Chrysler's building was kept secret until it was completed,so Raskob instructed his architects to construct the highest tower they could.Their architectural plans had to be modified as the Chrysler Building grew ever higher,but when it topped 77 stories the Empire State Building team knew that they could beat it.No building project has yet exceeded the Empire State Building's record for speed of construclion.From the beginning of construction in March 1930 it took 410 days and approximately 7 million man-hours to build.It rose at an astonishing speed of 4.5 stories per week,thanks to careful planning and quality of work.The building was officially opened on May 1,1931,by President Hoover. Even the World Trade Center can not compete with the New York's Empire State Building with its height.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

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考题资料：Large industrialized are now in a recession. What are the prospects for economic recovery? The three most important industrial economies in the world are, at the moment, facing enormous problems. Germany is struggling with the cost of reunification and is in recession. Japan is also experiencing recession and the United States has a large budget deficit. Forecasters and analysts face questions about the prospects of an economic recovery. Here are some of their findings: The election of a new president of the United States gave hope to the rest of the world. If the US recovered, the rest of the world would face a more promising future. However, analysts now accept that the US will only recover very slowly. Consumer and investor confidence is still lacking. Large deficits and declining short-term interest rates mean there is little scope for economic stimulus. The Japanese economy, after years of trade and budget surpluses, is in deep recession and the growth rate has slowed down considerably. German economists have lowered their forecasts for economic growth this year. The lowering of German interest rates may bring some relief to other members of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism （ERM）. However, Germany's importance as Europe's largest export market may decline. However, in some parts of the world, there are more positive signs, particularly in some Latin American countries in South-East Asia. Analysts says that, as long as the rate of interest stays above the rate of growth at national income, then the ratio of debt to income will get worse. Falling interest rates help towards overcoming this problem. They believe it may take several years before there is real recovery. However, advances in technology are offering hope for the world economy. The tone of the passage suggest that the author is ______about the world economy.A.doubtful B.indifferent C.positive D.pessimistic

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考题资料：Large industrialized are now in a recession. What are the prospects for economic recovery? The three most important industrial economies in the world are, at the moment, facing enormous problems. Germany is struggling with the cost of reunification and is in recession. Japan is also experiencing recession and the United States has a large budget deficit. Forecasters and analysts face questions about the prospects of an economic recovery. Here are some of their findings: The election of a new president of the United States gave hope to the rest of the world. If the US recovered, the rest of the world would face a more promising future. However, analysts now accept that the US will only recover very slowly. Consumer and investor confidence is still lacking. Large deficits and declining short-term interest rates mean there is little scope for economic stimulus. The Japanese economy, after years of trade and budget surpluses, is in deep recession and the growth rate has slowed down considerably. German economists have lowered their forecasts for economic growth this year. The lowering of German interest rates may bring some relief to other members of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism （ERM）. However, Germany's importance as Europe's largest export market may decline. However, in some parts of the world, there are more positive signs, particularly in some Latin American countries in South-East Asia. Analysts says that, as long as the rate of interest stays above the rate of growth at national income, then the ratio of debt to income will get worse. Falling interest rates help towards overcoming this problem. They believe it may take several years before there is real recovery. However, advances in technology are offering hope for the world economy. According to the passage, which one is NOT true? A.Consumer and investor still hold confidence in the US economy. B.There is little scope for provoking the economy. C.US is predicted to be recovering very slowly. D.The US recovery would give the rest of the world a more promising future.

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考题资料：Large industrialized are now in a recession. What are the prospects for economic recovery? The three most important industrial economies in the world are, at the moment, facing enormous problems. Germany is struggling with the cost of reunification and is in recession. Japan is also experiencing recession and the United States has a large budget deficit. Forecasters and analysts face questions about the prospects of an economic recovery. Here are some of their findings: The election of a new president of the United States gave hope to the rest of the world. If the US recovered, the rest of the world would face a more promising future. However, analysts now accept that the US will only recover very slowly. Consumer and investor confidence is still lacking. Large deficits and declining short-term interest rates mean there is little scope for economic stimulus. The Japanese economy, after years of trade and budget surpluses, is in deep recession and the growth rate has slowed down considerably. German economists have lowered their forecasts for economic growth this year. The lowering of German interest rates may bring some relief to other members of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism （ERM）. However, Germany's importance as Europe's largest export market may decline. However, in some parts of the world, there are more positive signs, particularly in some Latin American countries in South-East Asia. Analysts says that, as long as the rate of interest stays above the rate of growth at national income, then the ratio of debt to income will get worse. Falling interest rates help towards overcoming this problem. They believe it may take several years before there is real recovery. However, advances in technology are offering hope for the world economy. It could be implied that rising of the interest rate ______.A.can help towards overcoming this problem about the ratio of debt to income B.may lead Germany's importance as Europe’s largest export market to decline C.may bring some relief to other members of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism D.None of above

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考题资料：Large industrialized are now in a recession. What are the prospects for economic recovery? The three most important industrial economies in the world are, at the moment, facing enormous problems. Germany is struggling with the cost of reunification and is in recession. Japan is also experiencing recession and the United States has a large budget deficit. Forecasters and analysts face questions about the prospects of an economic recovery. Here are some of their findings: The election of a new president of the United States gave hope to the rest of the world. If the US recovered, the rest of the world would face a more promising future. However, analysts now accept that the US will only recover very slowly. Consumer and investor confidence is still lacking. Large deficits and declining short-term interest rates mean there is little scope for economic stimulus. The Japanese economy, after years of trade and budget surpluses, is in deep recession and the growth rate has slowed down considerably. German economists have lowered their forecasts for economic growth this year. The lowering of German interest rates may bring some relief to other members of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism （ERM）. However, Germany's importance as Europe's largest export market may decline. However, in some parts of the world, there are more positive signs, particularly in some Latin American countries in South-East Asia. Analysts says that, as long as the rate of interest stays above the rate of growth at national income, then the ratio of debt to income will get worse. Falling interest rates help towards overcoming this problem. They believe it may take several years before there is real recovery. However, advances in technology are offering hope for the world economy. Find words or expressions in the above article which have the meaning of “The amount by which something is less than what is needed”? A.deficit B.surpluses C.decline D.recession

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考题共用题干 G8 SummitLeaders of the Group of Eight Major Industrialized Nations(G8)will meet in Scotland in July this year. Representatives from China,India,Mexico,South Africa and Brazil have also been invited.Here's what the G8 leaders want from the meeting.British Prime Minister Tony Blair wants the G8 to cancel debt to the world's poorest countries.He wants them to double aid to Africa to 50 billion pounds by 2010.He has also proposed reducing subsidies to Western farmers and removing restrictions on African exports. This has not got the approval of all members because it will hurt their agricultural interests.On climate change , Blair wants concerted（共同的）action by reducing carbon emissions（排放）.US President George W.Bush agrees to give help to Africa.But he says he doesn't like the idea of increasing aid to countries as it will increase corruption.Bush said he would not sign an agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions at the summit,according to media. The US is the only G8 member not to have signed the Kyoto Protocol（京都议定书）. Although the US is the world's biggest polluter,Bush so far refuses to believe there is sufficient scientific data to establish beyond a doubt that there is a problem.French President Jacques Chirac supports Blair on Africa and climate change.He is determined to get the US to sign the climate change deal.German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder remains doubtful of Blair's Africa proposals. Schroder's officials have dismissed the notion that money will solve Africa's problems as"old thinking."Berlin says that African states should only receive extra money if they can provethey've solved the corruption problem.Russian President Vladimir Putin was doubtful about the value of more aid to Africa. But he has seen a way to make this work to his advantage.Putin intends to use the aid to Africa as a springboard（跳板）next year to propose aid to the former Soviet republics of Georgia,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan and Moldova.Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's priorities are a seat on the UN Security Council,for which he will be lobbying（游说）at the summit. And he's concerned about the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's nuclear weapons programme. Japan will reject Blair's proposal to increase aid to Africa.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干 G8 SummitLeaders of the Group of Eight Major Industrialized Nations(G8)will meet in Scotland in July this year. Representatives from China,India,Mexico,South Africa and Brazil have also been invited.Here's what the G8 leaders want from the meeting.British Prime Minister Tony Blair wants the G8 to cancel debt to the world's poorest countries.He wants them to double aid to Africa to 50 billion pounds by 2010.He has also proposed reducing subsidies to Western farmers and removing restrictions on African exports. This has not got the approval of all members because it will hurt their agricultural interests.On climate change , Blair wants concerted（共同的）action by reducing carbon emissions（排放）.US President George W.Bush agrees to give help to Africa.But he says he doesn't like the idea of increasing aid to countries as it will increase corruption.Bush said he would not sign an agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions at the summit,according to media. The US is the only G8 member not to have signed the Kyoto Protocol（京都议定书）. Although the US is the world's biggest polluter,Bush so far refuses to believe there is sufficient scientific data to establish beyond a doubt that there is a problem.French President Jacques Chirac supports Blair on Africa and climate change.He is determined to get the US to sign the climate change deal.German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder remains doubtful of Blair's Africa proposals. Schroder's officials have dismissed the notion that money will solve Africa's problems as"old thinking."Berlin says that African states should only receive extra money if they can provethey've solved the corruption problem.Russian President Vladimir Putin was doubtful about the value of more aid to Africa. But he has seen a way to make this work to his advantage.Putin intends to use the aid to Africa as a springboard（跳板）next year to propose aid to the former Soviet republics of Georgia,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan and Moldova.Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's priorities are a seat on the UN Security Council,for which he will be lobbying（游说）at the summit. And he's concerned about the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's nuclear weapons programme. The G8 countries include China,India,Mexico,South Africa and Brazil.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干 G8 SummitLeaders of the Group of Eight Major Industrialized Nations(G8)will meet in Scotland in July this year. Representatives from China,India,Mexico,South Africa and Brazil have also been invited.Here's what the G8 leaders want from the meeting.British Prime Minister Tony Blair wants the G8 to cancel debt to the world's poorest countries.He wants them to double aid to Africa to 50 billion pounds by 2010.He has also proposed reducing subsidies to Western farmers and removing restrictions on African exports. This has not got the approval of all members because it will hurt their agricultural interests.On climate change , Blair wants concerted（共同的）action by reducing carbon emissions（排放）.US President George W.Bush agrees to give help to Africa.But he says he doesn't like the idea of increasing aid to countries as it will increase corruption.Bush said he would not sign an agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions at the summit,according to media. The US is the only G8 member not to have signed the Kyoto Protocol（京都议定书）. Although the US is the world's biggest polluter,Bush so far refuses to believe there is sufficient scientific data to establish beyond a doubt that there is a problem.French President Jacques Chirac supports Blair on Africa and climate change.He is determined to get the US to sign the climate change deal.German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder remains doubtful of Blair's Africa proposals. Schroder's officials have dismissed the notion that money will solve Africa's problems as"old thinking."Berlin says that African states should only receive extra money if they can provethey've solved the corruption problem.Russian President Vladimir Putin was doubtful about the value of more aid to Africa. But he has seen a way to make this work to his advantage.Putin intends to use the aid to Africa as a springboard（跳板）next year to propose aid to the former Soviet republics of Georgia,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan and Moldova.Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's priorities are a seat on the UN Security Council,for which he will be lobbying（游说）at the summit. And he's concerned about the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's nuclear weapons programme. Chirac takes a stand similar to Blair's on Africa and climate change.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干 G8 SummitLeaders of the Group of Eight Major Industrialized Nations(G8)will meet in Scotland in July this year. Representatives from China,India,Mexico,South Africa and Brazil have also been invited.Here's what the G8 leaders want from the meeting.British Prime Minister Tony Blair wants the G8 to cancel debt to the world's poorest countries.He wants them to double aid to Africa to 50 billion pounds by 2010.He has also proposed reducing subsidies to Western farmers and removing restrictions on African exports. This has not got the approval of all members because it will hurt their agricultural interests.On climate change , Blair wants concerted（共同的）action by reducing carbon emissions（排放）.US President George W.Bush agrees to give help to Africa.But he says he doesn't like the idea of increasing aid to countries as it will increase corruption.Bush said he would not sign an agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions at the summit,according to media. The US is the only G8 member not to have signed the Kyoto Protocol（京都议定书）. Although the US is the world's biggest polluter,Bush so far refuses to believe there is sufficient scientific data to establish beyond a doubt that there is a problem.French President Jacques Chirac supports Blair on Africa and climate change.He is determined to get the US to sign the climate change deal.German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder remains doubtful of Blair's Africa proposals. Schroder's officials have dismissed the notion that money will solve Africa's problems as"old thinking."Berlin says that African states should only receive extra money if they can provethey've solved the corruption problem.Russian President Vladimir Putin was doubtful about the value of more aid to Africa. But he has seen a way to make this work to his advantage.Putin intends to use the aid to Africa as a springboard（跳板）next year to propose aid to the former Soviet republics of Georgia,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan and Moldova.Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's priorities are a seat on the UN Security Council,for which he will be lobbying（游说）at the summit. And he's concerned about the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's nuclear weapons programme. Bush agrees to increase aid to Africa.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干 Traffic Jams一No End in Sight1 Traffic congestion（拥堵）affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S.,commuters（通勤人员）spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams,according to the Texas Transportation Institu-te.While alternative ways of getting around are available,most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience,comfort and privacy.2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing,whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day.In theory,if the toll is high enough,some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train.And in practice it seems to work:Singapore,London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.3 Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime,which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars.Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute(work from home)so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets.But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road;they only accommodate more of them.5 Other,more forward-thinking,planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day,and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment.For this reason,the American government has decided to spend some$7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies.But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.If charged high enough,some drivers may_________to enter certain parts of town.A:go by busB:encourage more private carsC:drive aroundD:spend more moneyE:reduce traffic jamsF:travel regularly

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考题共用题干 Traffic Jams一No End in Sight1 Traffic congestion（拥堵）affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S.,commuters（通勤人员）spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams,according to the Texas Transportation Institu-te.While alternative ways of getting around are available,most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience,comfort and privacy.2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing,whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day.In theory,if the toll is high enough,some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train.And in practice it seems to work:Singapore,London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.3 Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime,which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars.Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute(work from home)so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets.But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road;they only accommodate more of them.5 Other,more forward-thinking,planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day,and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment.For this reason,the American government has decided to spend some$7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies.But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.The U.S.government has planned to_________updating public-transport systems.A:go by busB:encourage more private carsC:drive aroundD:spend more moneyE:reduce traffic jamsF:travel regularly

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考题共用题干 Traffic Jams一No End in Sight1 Traffic congestion（拥堵）affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S.,commuters（通勤人员）spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams,according to the Texas Transportation Institu-te.While alternative ways of getting around are available,most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience,comfort and privacy.2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing,whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day.In theory,if the toll is high enough,some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train.And in practice it seems to work:Singapore,London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.3 Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime,which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars.Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute(work from home)so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets.But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road;they only accommodate more of them.5 Other,more forward-thinking,planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day,and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment.For this reason,the American government has decided to spend some$7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies.But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.Building more roads is not an effective way to_________.A:go by busB:encourage more private carsC:drive aroundD:spend more moneyE:reduce traffic jamsF:travel regularly

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考题单选题Was there an unanimous opinion on the U.S. aid?A Yes. Hard-liners made a turn in their hostile attitude toward the U.S.B No. Public opinion remained divided over the issue.C No. The reformists are more worried this time around.D Yes. It is widely held that the aid offers a chance for ending Iran’s international isolation.

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考题单选题Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A Both Compton’s and World Book are encyclopedias.B Encarta Encyclopedia is giving way to Encyclopedia Britannica.C The sales of Encyclopedia Britannica have been going down dramatically over the past Decade.D Encyclopedia Britannica opens its Web site to attract more readers.

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考题单选题As indicated in the passage, the water problem _____.A has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldB is underestimated by government organizations at different levelsC poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD is already serious in certain parts of the world

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考题单选题Although worried about the dangers on going into debt, Helena’s concern was more about the possibility of losing her business.A Helena’s concern was more about the possibility of losing her businessB it was the possibility of losing her business that gave Helena more concernC Helena was more concerned towards her business and the possibility of losing itD the possibility of losing her business gave Helena more concernE Helena was more concerned about the possibility of losing her business

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考题问答题Practice 10　　The momentum is building ahead of next month’s G8 summit in Scotland where the leaders of the world’s richest nations will debate what they can do to help some of the world’s poorest. Africa is the priority and the politicians will discuss reducing the debt burden, ending trade regulations which put the continent’s economy at a disadvantage, and giving more aid. Mark Doyle, who’s reported from Africa for many years, looks at why aid is necessary, and why much of what’s been donated in the past has not worked.　　All around the edge of Africa-along the coastline, near the continents’ ports—are monuments to exploitation. On the island of Goree, for example, just off the coast of Senegal, there’s: the Slave House. This was the last place many Africans saw before being shipped off to a lifetime of slavery in American or, just as often, to death on the high seas.　　There are many more places like this dating from the three hundred and fifty years or so of the African slave trade. When people wonder why Africa is so poor, they need look no further for the start of an explanation.

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考题问答题Aid for Africa　　The momentum is building ahead of next month’s G8 summit in Scotland where the leaders of the world’s richest nations will debate what they can do to help some of the world’s poorest. Africa is the priority and the politicians will discuss reducing the debt burden, ending trade regulations which put the continent’s economy at a disadvantage, and giving more aid. Mark Doyle, who’s reported from Africa for many years, looks at why aid is necessary, and why much of what’s been donated in the past has not worked.　　All around the edge of Africa-along the coastline, near the continents’ ports—are monuments to exploitation. On the island of Goree, for example, just off the coast of Senegal, there’s :the Slave House. This was the last place many Africans saw before being shipped off to a lifetime of slavery in American or, just as often, to death on the high seas.　　There are many more places like this dating from the three hundreds and fifty years or so of the African slave trade. When people wonder why Africa is so poor, they need look no further for the start of an explanation.　　The end of the slavery was followed by a century of colonialism. Some people argue that colonialism brought limited development—railways and schools and so on—the system was principally designed to turn Africa into a vast plantation and mining site for the profit of outsiders. Of course, some Africans gained from this period. Chiefs who sold their enemies to the European or Arab slavers, for example, and coastal people who creams a little off the colonial trade which flowed through their land.　　But on the whole, for almost half a millennium, the general rule was systematic exploitation.　　This must, surely, be the basic reason why Africa is poor. You could add that the climate .is punishing, that tropical diseases are fife, and that today’s independent African rulers are far from perfect, all true. But these factors, powerful in recent decades, seem marginal when set against to the pattern that was set for centuries.　　The solution, or at least, the project SOLD as the solution to, has been aid. Emergency aid, development aid, agricultural aid, economic advice. Billions of dollars worth of it. The problem with this solution is that, patently, is hasn’t worked.　　On the whole, Africa has got poorer.　　The failure hasn’t really been the idea of real aid but the misuse of that term. Clearly, if, in the famous phrases, you teach a man to fish you’re probably helping him.　　But most aid hasn’t been like that. Most of it has been top-down aid, money that’s given to African governments do the political bidding of the aid givers. A good proportion of it has been creamed off by the recipient government’s officials and another large chunk of it paid back to the so-called donors in consultancy fees, salaries, cars, houses and servants for aid officials, debt repayments and the purchasing of arms.　　And yet, to say aid hasn’t worked IN THE PAST is not the same thing as saying aid CAN’T work.

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考题问答题Practice 3　　In-state tuition. For decades, it was the one advantage big state schools had that even the Ivy League couldn’t match, in terms of recruiting the best and the brightest to their campuses. But these days, that’s no longer necessarily the case. Starting this September, some students will find a Harvard degree cheaper than one from many public universities. Harvard officials sent shock waves through academia last December by detailing a new financial-aid policy that will charge families making up to $180,000 just 10 % of their household income per year, substantially subsidizing the annual cost of more than $ 45,600 for all but its wealthiest students. The move was just the latest in what has amounted to a financial-aid bidding war in recent years among the U. S.’s élite universities.　　Though Harvard’s is the most generous to date, Princeton, Yale and Stanford have all launched similar plans to cap tuition contributions for students from low-and middle-income families. Indeed, students on financial aid at nearly every Ivy stand a good chance of graduating debt-free, thanks to loan-elimination programs introduced over the past five years. And other exclusive schools have followed their lead by replacing loans with grants and work-study aid. And several more schools are joining the no-loan club this fall. Even more schools have taken steps to reduce debt among their neediest students.

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考题单选题Teachers of elementary schools are giving more weight to nurturing a student’s talent in China.A exaggeratingB confiningC probingD developing

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考题单选题How did Iran respond to the proposed U.S. aid?A It was accepted with doubts.B It arose mixed feelings in some.C It triggered off more debate inside the country.D It fell on deaf ears.

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