翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题(2020-09-24)
发布时间：2020-09-24
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Now
which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity? First, those clever
beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the
cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of
animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about
widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many
old-fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most
pitiable of all caged animals.
Though pinioned
swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and tearing their
young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they
repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent
of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand
preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry
picture!
This,
however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an
originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in
confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self.
Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a
relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large
corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state
of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.
1. What
is an “outlet” in the context
of this passage?
A. An
opportunity for expression.
B. A
place to let.
C. A
chance of escape into a wood
D. An
exit for a marketer.
2. What
does “the uninitiated” mean?
A.
People who visit animals in urban zoos.
B.
People who do not like animals of the wild.
C.
People who know little about a certain topic.
D.
People who do not visit zoos every year.
3.
According to the author in Paragraph 1, what animals suffer most in captivity?
A.
Climbing animals.
B.
Hunting animals.
C.
Parroting animals.
D.
Singing animals.
4. What
do you think “hatching and rearing their young” means?
A.
Raising families.
B.
Getting on well with smaller birds.
C.
Behaving like young birds.
D.
Attacking smaller birds.
5. Which
is the “lee side” of the pond?
A. The
side the wind is blowing from.
B. The
side which is sheltered from a storm.
C. The
side the wind id blowing towards.
D. The
side where the water is the deepest.
6.
According to the author, swans in captivity are ______.
A. happy
unless their wings have been cut
B. happy
most of the time, but unhappy sometimes
C.
unhappy most of the time
D. only
happy when they are bringing up families
7. What
effect does confinement have on clever animals, according to the text?
A. They
never stop trying to escape.
B. They
lose all their muscles.
C. They
become unhygienic.
D.They
may go mad.
8. In
Paragraph 3, the expression “have no compunction about” most probably means” have no _____.
A
.reaction to
B.
understanding of
C.
second thoughts about
D.
enlightenment on
9. What
does the author say about sentimental old ladies?
A. They
do not care about animals.
B. They
hate making animals suffer.
C. They
enjoy making animals suffer.
D. They
do not realise the consequences.
10. What
do you think “large corvines” probably are?
A.
Another kind of bird.
B.
Another kind of parrot.
C.
Another kind of swans.
D. Other
birds that convince us.
Question
71—80 are based on the following passage.
The fact
that most Americans live in urban areas does not mean that they reside in the
center of large cities. In fact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large
metropolitan areas than in the cities themselves.
The
Bureau of the Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban
area, and does not consider boundaries of cities and suburbs.
According
to the Bureau, the political boundaries are less significant than the social
and economic relationships and the transportation and communication systems
that integrate a locale. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated
metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area. In
general, an MSA is any area that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs
and has a total population of 50,000 or more.
At the
present time, the Bureau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for
75 percent of the US population. In addition, the Bureau recognizes 18
megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas. One of the most
obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundreds of cities and suburbs across
10 states on the East Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia, including Boston,
New York, and Washington, D.C. In the Eastern Corridor, as it is called, a
population of 45 million inhabitants is concentrated. Another megapolis that is
growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco through Los Angeles
to San Diego.
11.
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.
Metropolitan Statistical Areas
B. Types
of Population Centers
C. The
Bureau of the Census
D.
Megapolises
12.
According to the passage, where do most Americans live?
A. In
the center of cities.
B. In
the suburbs surrounding large cities.
C. In
rural areas.
D. In
small towns.
13. The
underlined word “reside” in
Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. fill
B. decide
C.
occupy
D. live
14.
According to the Bureau of the Census, what is an urban area?
A. A
chain of adjacent cities.
B. An
area with at least 50,000 people.
C. The
18 largest cities.
D. An
area with 2,500 people or more.
15.
Which of the following are NOT considered important in defining an urban area?
A.
Political boundaries.
B.
Transportation networks.
C.
Social relationships.
D.
Economic systems.
16. The
underlined word “integrate” in
Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
A.
benefit
B.
define
C. unite
D.
restrict
17.
Which of the following is NOT true?
A. An
integrated metropolis is an MSA.
B. MSA
stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area.
C. A
metropolis includes at least a metropolitan.
D. An
MSA refers to city and its suburbs, with over 50,000 people.
18. The
underlined word “adjacent” in
the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A.
beside each other
B.
growing very fast
C. the
same size
D.
densely populated
19.
According to the passage, what is a megapolis?
A. One
of the 10 largest cities in the United States.
B. One
of the 18 largest cities in the United States.
C. One
of the 100 cities between Boston and Washington.
D. Any
number of continuous adjacent cities and suburbs.
20. Why
does the author mention the Eastern Corridor and the California coast in
Paragraph 4?
A. As
examples of megapolises.
B.
Because 75 percent of the population lives there.
C. To
conclude the passage.
D. The
Bureau of the Census is located there.
“what
does the middleman do but add to the price of goods in the shops?” Such remarks are aimed at the intermediate operations between
manufacturers and final customers. This practice usually attracts a lot of
attention from the public and the press and the operation most talked about is
what is often called wholesaling.
The
wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the manufacturers and sells them
in smaller parcels to retailers, and for this service his selling price to the
retailer is raised several percent higher. But his job is made more difficult
by retail demand not necessarily running level with manufacturers’ production. Because he adjusts or regulates the flow of goods by
holding stock until required, he frees the manufacturer, to some extent, from
the effect on production of changing demand and having to bear the whole risk.
The
manufacture can then keep up a steady production flow, and the retailer has no
need to hold heavy stocks, who can call on the wholesaler for supplies any
time. This wholesale function id like that of a valve in a water pipe. The
middleman also bears part of the risk that would otherwise fall on the
manufacturer and also the retailer.
The
wholesaler provides a purely commercial service, for which he is too well rewarded.
But the point that is missed by many people is that the wholesaler is not just
someone adding to the cost of goods. It is true one could eliminate the
wholesaler but one would still be left with his function: that of making sure
that goods find their way to the people who want them.
21. “Middleman” in the passage almost equals to
all the following in meaning EXCEPT _____.
A.
go-between
B.
intermediary
C.
manufacturer
D.
wholesaler
22. “This practice” in Paragraph 1 most probably
refers to the fact that the middleman _____.
A.
increases the prices in the shops
B. buys
from you and sells to me
C. aims
remarks at manufacturers
D.
interferes with end user customers
23. The
wholesaler obtains higher selling prices for _____.
A. small
parcels he sells
B. goods
he buys in bulk
C. the
service he provides
D. the
information he offers
24. A
middleman’s work may become difficult because _____.
A.
manufacturers run their production on a much higher level
B.market
demand may not be the same as industrial production
C.
retailers are not necessary in running their retailing business
D.
retailers demand lower levels than those demanded by manufacturers
25. The
wholesaler regulates the flow of goods by _____.
A.
running level with manufacturers’ production
B.
holding down stock of commodities
C.
keeping stock for stronger demand
D.
adjusting the prices of goods in time
26. The
middleman relieves the producer of _____.
A.
fluctuating market demand and staying at risk
B. the
production of commodities for the retail market
C. some
extent of production of changing demand
D.
storing goods in a warehouse until they are needed
27. What
function of the wholesaler is compared to a valve?
A.
Controlling the flow of goods.
B.
Pushing up demand from retailers.
C.
Bearing part of the risk for manufacturers.
D.
Selling goods to retailers.
28.
Which of the following statement is true?
A.
People cannot do without the wholesaler’s function.
B. The
function of the wholesaler does not add to the cost of goods.
C. The
wholesaler helps to reduce the price of goods in shops.
D. The
wholesaler is well paid for his commercial service.
29. The
author quite possibly believes that the function of the wholesaler is _____.
A. good
but too costly
B.
necessary but harmful
C.
removable but necessary
D.
acceptable but unnecessary
30.
Which of the following titles is most appropriate for this passage?
A. The
Greedy Wholesalers
B. The
Wholesalers in the Public Eye
C. A
Retail Market with Wholesalers
D. Can
We Do without the Wholesaler?
KEYS：
1. A 2.
C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10.
A 11. B
12. B 13. D 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A
21. C
22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. C 30.D
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他们立刻出动去追击敌人。
They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.
没有人可以否认，几百万的私人小企业大大地推动了国家的经济。
No one can deny that millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nation's economy.
Just a couple of days ago, climbers, backed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), returned from the Himalayas, where they gathered first-hand accounts from monks, local people and other travelers on the state of the environment of the world's most famous mountain range. They have recorded in words, in photographs, and on film, the dramatic impacts that global warming is having on glaciers, causing them to rapidly thaw, and build up melt waters in mountain lakes. As a result, these lakes could soon burst, sending millions of tons of water and rubble swirling down the valleys threatening life and limb. // The expedition has also looked at the impacts of tourism on the mountains, concluding that much of what is happening is environmentally damaging, and a burden on the people, wildlife and landscapes of these once pristine wilderness areas. //
Every year World Environment Day is an occasion to pause and reflect on the state of the environment. This year especially, faced with the findings of our climbers, in the International Year of the Mountains, I urge you to "Give Earth a Chance". I ask you to look at our daily impact on the planet and its peoples, and to take action to improve our environmental behavior. //
Although mountains have been revered since time began, such beliefs are no longer enough to preserve fragile mountain ecosystems, for the well-being of all. We face an immense challenge, the challenge of ensuring their stability and preservation for the generations to come. //
Mountains are our water-towers. Mountains are a major source of energy. Mountains feed those living on them. Mountain ecosystems are linked to life in the lowlands, to freshwater and to the seas. Mountains are islands of rich biological and cultural diversity, home to unique plants, animals, languages and traditions. //
Sustainable development is a must. We need to combine the environmental dimension with social activity and economic development. This must be our common target, especially in mountain regions. Without sustainable development we cannot solve the problems. It is not enough to simply say we have a conservation plan for nature, and natural resources. // We must give people a chance to live and survive in these regions, therefore we need jobs; we need a perspective for young people to remain there and not go to the big cities. Mountains are virtual treasure chests of untapped economic potential—vital to sustainable development. This was recognized by the Earth Summit in Rio. //
Mountains attract tourists, but tourism has to be well managed to minimize impact on sensitive mountain environments. Respect should be the byword of the tourists, and tour operators, that bring people into contact with local people and landscapes, //The respect includes paying local people a decent wage, sourcing local food and materials where possible, and observing local customs, beliefs and traditions. Tourists are guests in other peoples' ecosystems and should behave as such. Mountains as a resource HAVE to be valued, and some of that value has to benefit mountain dwellers. Earnings from tourism should be shared equitably between all stakeholders. //
Especially this year, the International Year of Ecotourism, every effort should be made to promote Ecotourism in mountains. For some communities and regions, sustainable tourism can be a first step towards sustainable development. Let us hope that all societies will come to revere mountains, and thus be motivated to invest in them, preserve this unique asset, and in turn reap benefit from it. //
On this World Environment Day let us all begin to act for the conservation not only of the mountains, but the sea, the land, water and the air too. Let us act to give the Earth a chance. An unpolluted pristine environment is vital to our survival, a precious resource, which will only endu
由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回，登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响：冰川迅速融化，化成的水流入山地湖泊中，导致湖水不久将涨满溢出，致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷，从而对人类生命构成威胁。//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响，认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性，同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担，而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。// 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来，对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此；面对我们登山队员的调查结果，在这个国际山岳年里，我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响，并采取行动，改进我们的环境行为。// 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感，但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。// 山是我们的水塔，也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关，同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化，是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。// 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来，特别是在山区，这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展，便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此，我们需要在当地创造就业机会，从而使年青一代有希望能留下来，而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库，储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力，但旅游业必须得到良好的管理，以最大限度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观，尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。//这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资，遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人，因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视，当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。// 今年是国际生态旅游年，大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和地区而言，发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望，所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重，进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产，并从中获益。// 值此世界环境日之际，让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来，给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要，因为只有给地球留有生机，才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。// (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯?特普费尔在2002年6月5日世界环境日上的讲话“给地球一线生机”)
Gypsies are often treated with disapproval, lack of trust, and lack of understanding because their way of life is so different from the way most other British people live.
吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同，所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然，很不信任，而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。
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