2019年专升本考试科目备考攻略

Public goods are those commodities from whose enjoyment nobody can be effectively excluded.Everybody is free to enjoy the benefits of these commodities,and one person′s utilization does not?reduce the possibilities of anybody else′s enjoying the same good.
Examples of public goods are not as rare as one might expect.A flood control dam is a public?goods.Once the dam is built,all persons living in the area will benefit--irrespective of their own?contribution to the construction cost of the dam.The same holds tree for highway signs or aids to navigation.Once a lighthouse is built,no ship of any nationality can be effectively excluded from the utilization?of the lighthouse for navigational purposes.National defense is another example.Even a person who voted?against military expenditures or did not pay any taxes will benefit from the protection afforded.
It is no easy task to determine the social costs and social benefits associated with public goods.There is no practicable way of charging drivers for looking at highway signs,sailors for watching a?lighthouse,and citizens for the security provided to them through national defense.Because the market does not provide the necessary signals,economic analysis has to be substituted for the impersonal?judgement of the marketplace.

According to the passage,finding out the social costs of a public good is a__________.

A.difficult procedure
B.daily administrative duty
C.matter of personal judgement
D.citizen's responsibility

《张中丞传后叙》写张巡“就戮”时，“颜色不乱，阳阳如平常”，这种人物描写方法是（ ）

A.肖像描写
B.行为描写
C.言语描写
D.心理描写

教师借助由字母、单词、数字等组成的“纲要信号”图表帮助学生理解教材，把握知识的整体及其内在联系的教学法是（ ）。

A.导学式教学法
B.“掌握学习”教学法
C.情境教学法
D.沙塔洛夫教学法

教学工作的中心环节是（ ）

A.备课
B.上课
C.考试
D.作业