同济大学历年考研复试分数线汇总

教师的素养

对“学而优则仕"，你如何评价？

“各种社会经济形态的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用什么劳动资料生产。劳动资料不仅是人类劳动力发展的测量器，而且是劳动借以进行的社会关系的指示器”，这句话表明

A.根据劳动资料可以判断相适应的社会生产关系
B.劳动资料是形成社会关系的重要物质力量
C.社会关系的更替必然表现在劳动资料的变化上
D.社会的优越性表现在劳动资料的进步上

Text 4 Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1968,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character.Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting socalled elite or blueribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid20th century.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968,the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v．Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level.The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
The practice of selecting socalled elite jurors prior to 1968 showed______

A.the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws
B.the prevalent discrimination against certain races
C.the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures
D.the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges