2021年 云南 职称英语(理工)如何报名

发布时间:2021-10-04


2021年 云南 职称英语(理工)如何报名

 


下面小编为大家准备了 职称英语(理工) 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。

TheU.S.faces severe economic problems.

A: slight
B: several
C: successive
D: serious
答案:D
解析:
句意:美国面临严峻的经济问题。serious意为“严重的”; slight意为“轻微的”;several意为“几个、数个”; successive意为“连续不断的”,只有serious意思上和severe最接近。

共用题干
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature,”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.

What is Belcher's team doing at present?
A: It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.
B: It is mass-producing micro-batteries.
C: It is making batteries with viruses.
D: It is analyzing virus genes.
答案:C
解析:
题干意为“根据第一段的内容来看,人们试图……”。利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语people , microorganisms , chicken pox , flu , various diseases , virus-related diseases , medicines作为定位线索,在第一段中找到相关句:What do chicken pox, the com-mon cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses(与vi-rus-related diseases呼应),tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.第一段第二句提到“这些都是由病毒引起的疾病”,这说明病毒会引起疾病。第三句提到“难怪大部分人一提到病毒,首先想到的是如何躲避病毒”,这说明因为病毒会引起疾病,所以人们都想尽力避开病毒,因此C项“因为病毒会造成各种疾病所以躲避病毒”是答案。虽然选项B也提到了躲避病毒,但是选项B后半句中提到的躲避的原因是因为病毒是看不见的,这在短文中没有提到,因此选项B属于“无中生有”的干扰项。提示:备选项中只要一部分信息在短文中没有被提及,该选项也属于“无中生有”的干扰项;备选项中只要有一部分信息与短文中的相关信息不一致,则该选项陈述的信息与短文信息不一致。
题干意为“Beicher所在的小组现在在做什么?”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's team , at present , ways , mass-producing micro-batteries , virus genes作为定位线索,在第二段和第三段中找到相关句:(第二段)Not everyone runs from the tiny dis-ease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachusetts,scientists have discovered that some vi-ruses can be helpful in an unusual way.They are putting viruses to work, teachiig them to build some if the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.(第三段)Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher,who first came up with the idea.At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in Cambridge, she and her collaborators(与Belcher's team呼应)bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know a-bout biology, technology and production techniques.定位线索词集中出现在第三段中,该段第一句提到“病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见,但这对于工程师Belcher来说却并不陌生。她最先产生了这一想法”。该句中提到的“这一想法”回指上文(第二段)中提到的putting viru-ses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries,即用病毒制造世界上最小的充电电池。由此可知C项“用病毒制造电池”是答案。
题干意为“下列哪个选项的词义与第五段中shrink的词义相反?”该题属于词汇题。首先找到shrink在短文中所在的语境,并依据该语境判断出shrink的词义是“收缩”,也就是“缩小”,因此它的反义词是expand“增大,扩张”。所以答案为D。
题干意为“第六段中关于Belcher所研制的电池的陈述哪个正确?”利用题干及选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's battery, metal, watch battery, microscope, metallic disk作为定位线索,在第六段中找到相关句:The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viru-ses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.定位线索词集中出现在第六段第二句中,该句意为“Belcher的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘,看起来就像普通的手表电池”。显然,B项“它是一种手表电池”与短文意思不一致:短文中出现的手表电池是用作比较,而不是说Belcher 的电池模型是手表电池。该句意思与D项“它是一种金属圆盘,里面有病毒”一致,因此D是答案。C项“它只能在显微镜下才能看见”,这与第六段最后一句意思不一致:第六段最后一句提到“电池里面的部件很小―小到用高倍显微镜才能看到”,这是在讲述电池部件的情况,并非说电池也需要用显微镜才能看见,因此选项D陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。

Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy.

A: way
B: factor
C: objective
D: source
答案:A
解析:
句意:对经济来说,铁路是最重要的运输方式。画线单词mode意为“方式,方法”。A项way意为“方法”,与画线单词意义相近;B项factor意为“因素”;C项objective意为“目标,任务,D项source意为“资源”。故本题选A。

共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形).“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行) through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.

The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome Medrobotics.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
答案:C
解析:
题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词,可在文中第二段找到相关叙述:”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”(当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后,在高中期间,他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。)由此可知,乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的,故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组,可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述:”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”(有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动,但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲,并且能越过不同类型的地形。)由此可知,蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动,故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词,可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述:“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”(在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后,乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。)故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词,可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述: ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”(乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作,比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作,比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行,在池塘里游泳,甚至还能爬旗杆。)由此可知,与那些可以朝很多方向运动,能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组,可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述:”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”(对于某些心脏手术,医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢?)这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂,且恢复起来会很痛苦,但是并没有提到时间的问题,故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后,赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述:”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”(赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人,然后又在猪身上测试机器人。)由此可知,赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人,但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到,故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词,可在文中第七段找到相关叙述:” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”(在波士顿,一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。)文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润,故此说法为“未提及”的。

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