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共用题干
第一篇
A Society Without a Formal Authority
In the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.
第一篇
A Society Without a Formal Authority
In the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.
Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.
After reading the passage,you may conclude that________.
A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns
B:the Indians tended to follow orders
C:our system is much better than the Indians'
D:the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society
A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small towns
B:the Indians tended to follow orders
C:our system is much better than the Indians'
D:the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society
参考答案
参考解析
解析：本题问“下列哪项关于欧洲士兵的陈述是正确的？”文章第一段提到“欧洲士兵偶然遇见一群居住在西部大湖群的印第安人”。选项A、选项B、选项D在文中都未提到。因此选项C“他们偶然遇见一些印第安部落”符合题意。
本题问“通过何种方法部落成员使其他成员做事”。文章第二段末尾提到“部落成员通过榜样的力量唤起其他成员采取行动，而不是发出直接命令”。由此可知选项 B“通过榜样”符合题意。
本题是“根据作者的看法，一个社会没有······很难运转”。文章第三段中间提到："The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it.”因此选A。
本题是“读过文章，可得出结论······”。文章前两段谈到印第安部落的制度模式，第三段提到“It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society"，第四段解释我们的社会不能执行印第安人的制度的原因。综上所述，选项D“印第安制度很难在我们的社会中执行”符合题意。implement等于carry out（执行）。
本题是“从文章中可以看出，执行我们社会中的任务······”。文章最后一段说“The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time"。因此选项C“没有任何施延”符合提议。
本题问“通过何种方法部落成员使其他成员做事”。文章第二段末尾提到“部落成员通过榜样的力量唤起其他成员采取行动，而不是发出直接命令”。由此可知选项 B“通过榜样”符合题意。
本题是“根据作者的看法，一个社会没有······很难运转”。文章第三段中间提到："The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it.”因此选A。
本题是“读过文章，可得出结论······”。文章前两段谈到印第安部落的制度模式，第三段提到“It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society"，第四段解释我们的社会不能执行印第安人的制度的原因。综上所述，选项D“印第安制度很难在我们的社会中执行”符合题意。implement等于carry out（执行）。
本题是“从文章中可以看出，执行我们社会中的任务······”。文章最后一段说“The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time"。因此选项C“没有任何施延”符合提议。
更多 “共用题干 第一篇A Society Without a Formal AuthorityIn the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.After reading the passage,you may conclude that________.A:the Indian system is also suitable for some small townsB:the Indians tended to follow ordersC:our system is much better than the Indians'D:the Indian system would be very difficult to implement in our society” 相关考题
考题
The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later reference
考题
Passage FiveRoman soldiers in some places built long rows of signal towers. When they had a message to send, the soldiers shouted it from tower to tower. If there were enough towers and enough soldiers with loud voices, important news could be sent quickly over distance.In Africa, people learned to send messages by beating on a series of large drums (鼓). Each drum was kept within hearing distance of the next one. The drum beats were sent out in a special way that all the drummers understood. Though the messages were simple, they could be sent at great speed for hundreds of miles.In the eighteenth century, a French engineer found a new way to send short messages. In this way, a person held a flag in each hand and the arms were moved to various positions representing different letters of the alphabet (字母表). It was like spelling out words with flags and arms.Over a long period of time, people sent messages by all these different ways. However, not until the telephone was invented in America in the nineteenth century could people send speech sounds over a great distance in just a few seconds.51. According to this passage, the Roman way of communication depended very much on______.A. fine weatherB. high towerC. the spelling systemD. arm movements
考题
Leadership has become a formal study only at the turn of the __________ century.
A、18thB、19thC、20thD、21st
考题
Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ .
A.FranceB.DenmarkC.IrelandD.Germany
考题
The text suggests that early settlers in New EnglandA．were mostly engaged in political activities.B．were motivated by an illusory prospect.C．came from different intellectual backgrounds.D．left few formal records for later reference.
考题
Passage TwoThe earliest immigrants to North America found Indians already living there. The Indians numbered about 500,000 at that time. Their society was a primitive society, but they lived peacefully and welcomed the white strangers to the land. However, these early immigrants from Europe didn't want to share the land with the natives. They killed off many of the Indians, seized their land or pushed them off to lands farther away. Today the Indians, not more than halfa million, live in poverty and misery on the land on which they were once masters.The earliest immigrants were the Spanish, who settled in the southern part of what is now the US The next large group were the English, after the English came the French, Dutch, Irish, Germans, and other nationality groups, mostly European.Another early group to arrive were the Negroes. But they were brought in as slaves from Africa. They didn't win freedom till generations later.40. Who were the earliest people living in North America?A. The Spanish.B. The English.C. The Negroes.D. The Indians.
考题
共用题干
第一篇 Is the Tie a Necessity?Ties,or neckties,have been asymbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries.But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them.Reports suggest that even the civil servants maystop wearing ties.So,are the famously formalBritish really going to abandon the neckties?Maybe.Last week,the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era.He hinted that civi!servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.In fact,Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party.Many of them were celebrities（知名人士）without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.For some more conservative British,the tie is a must for proper appearance.Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen inpublic without a tie.For people like Callaghan,the tie was a sign of being complete,of showing respect.Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church,to work in the office,to a party-almost every social occasion.But today,people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.The origin of the tie is tricky.It started as something called simply a"band".The term could mean anything around a man's neck.It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear（颈饰） impressed Charles II , the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660,he brought this new fashion item along with him.It wasn't,however,until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful,flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie.Then,clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 1gth century.After that,the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now,even gentlemen are getting tired of ties.Anyway,the day feels a bit easierwhen you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood. Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie?A:Because he wants to make a show.B: Because he wants to attract attention.C: Because ties are costly.D:Because he wants to live in a casual way.
考题
共用题干
第一篇Is the Tie a Necessity?Ties,or neckties,have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries.But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them.Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties.So,are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?Maybe.Last week.the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era.He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.In fact,Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party.Many of them were celebrities（知名人士）without ties , which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.For some more conservative British,the tie is a must for proper appearance.Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie.For people like Callaghan,the tie was a sign of being complete,of showing respect.Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church,to work in the office,to a party一almost every social occasion.But today,people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.The origin of the tie is tricky.It started as something called simply a"band".The term could mean anything around a man's neck.It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear（颈饰） impressed Charles II,the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660,he brought this new fashion item along with him.It wasn't,however,until the late 1 8th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful,flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie.Then,clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century.After that,the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now,even gentlemen are getting tired of ties.Anyway,the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.Which of the following is NOT a social occasion?A:Going to church. B:Going to work in the office.C:Staying at home. D:Going to a party.
考题
共用题干
第一篇Is the Tie a Necessity?Ties,or neckties,have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries.But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them.Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties.So,are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?Maybe.Last week.the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era.He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.In fact,Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party.Many of them were celebrities（知名人士）without ties , which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.For some more conservative British,the tie is a must for proper appearance.Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie.For people like Callaghan,the tie was a sign of being complete,of showing respect.Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church,to work in the office,to a party一almost every social occasion.But today,people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.The origin of the tie is tricky.It started as something called simply a"band".The term could mean anything around a man's neck.It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear（颈饰） impressed Charles II,the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660,he brought this new fashion item along with him.It wasn't,however,until the late 1 8th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful,flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie.Then,clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century.After that,the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now,even gentlemen are getting tired of ties.Anyway,the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain?A:Tony Blair. B:Charles II.C:Jim Callaghan. D:Andrew Turnbull.
考题
共用题干
第一篇Is the Tie a Necessity?Ties,or neckties,have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries.But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them.Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties.So,are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?Maybe.Last week.the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era.He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.In fact,Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party.Many of them were celebrities（知名人士）without ties , which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.For some more conservative British,the tie is a must for proper appearance.Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie.For people like Callaghan,the tie was a sign of being complete,of showing respect.Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church,to work in the office,to a party一almost every social occasion.But today,people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.The origin of the tie is tricky.It started as something called simply a"band".The term could mean anything around a man's neck.It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear（颈饰） impressed Charles II,the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660,he brought this new fashion item along with him.It wasn't,however,until the late 1 8th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful,flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie.Then,clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century.After that,the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now,even gentlemen are getting tired of ties.Anyway,the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie?A:Because he wants to make a show.B:Because he wants to attract attention.C:Because ties are costly.D:Because he wants to live in a casual way.
考题
共用题干
第一篇Is the Tie a Necessity?Ties,or neckties,have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries.But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them.Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties.So,are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?Maybe.Last week.the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era.He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.In fact,Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party.Many of them were celebrities（知名人士）without ties , which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.For some more conservative British,the tie is a must for proper appearance.Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie.For people like Callaghan,the tie was a sign of being complete,of showing respect.Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church,to work in the office,to a party一almost every social occasion.But today,people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.The origin of the tie is tricky.It started as something called simply a"band".The term could mean anything around a man's neck.It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear（颈饰） impressed Charles II,the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660,he brought this new fashion item along with him.It wasn't,however,until the late 1 8th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful,flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie.Then,clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century.After that,the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now,even gentlemen are getting tired of ties.Anyway,the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly?A:After the late 19th century. B:In the 1630s.C:In 1660. D:In the late 18th century.
考题
The earliest immigrants to North America found Indians already living there．The Indians numbered about 500,000 at that time．Their society was a primitive society,but they lived peacefully and welcomed the white strangers to the land．However,these early immigrants from Europe didn't want to share the land with the natives．They killed off many of the Indians,seized their land or pushed them off to lands farther away．Today the Indians,not more than half a million,live in poverty and misery on the land on which they were once masters.
The earliest immigrants were the Spanish,who settled in the southern part of what is now the US．The next large group were the English,after the English came the French,Dutch,Irish,Germans,and other nationality groups,mostly European.
Another early group to arrive were the Negroes．But they were brought in as slaves from Africa．They didn't win freedom till generations later.
Which is the best title of this passage?A.The Earliest People in North Americ
B.The Earliest Immigrants to North Americ
C.The People of the United State
D.Europeans were the Earliest People Coming to the North Americ
考题
The earliest immigrants to North America found Indians already living there．The Indians numbered about 500,000 at that time．Their society was a primitive society,but they lived peacefully and welcomed the white strangers to the land．However,these early immigrants from Europe didn't want to share the land with the natives．They killed off many of the Indians,seized their land or pushed them off to lands farther away．Today the Indians,not more than half a million,live in poverty and misery on the land on which they were once masters.
The earliest immigrants were the Spanish,who settled in the southern part of what is now the US．The next large group were the English,after the English came the French,Dutch,Irish,Germans,and other nationality groups,mostly European.
Another early group to arrive were the Negroes．But they were brought in as slaves from Africa．They didn't win freedom till generations later.
Why didn't the immigrants share the lands with the natives?A.They thought the Indians were not friendly to the
B.They wanted to seize the lands as their ow
C.Because North America was first discovered by the
D.Because the Indian people liked making war to the
考题
The earliest immigrants to North America found Indians already living there．The Indians numbered about 500,000 at that time．Their society was a primitive society,but they lived peacefully and welcomed the white strangers to the land．However,these early immigrants from Europe didn't want to share the land with the natives．They killed off many of the Indians,seized their land or pushed them off to lands farther away．Today the Indians,not more than half a million,live in poverty and misery on the land on which they were once masters.
The earliest immigrants were the Spanish,who settled in the southern part of what is now the US．The next large group were the English,after the English came the French,Dutch,Irish,Germans,and other nationality groups,mostly European.
Another early group to arrive were the Negroes．But they were brought in as slaves from Africa．They didn't win freedom till generations later.
Who were the earliest people living in North America?A.The Spanis
B.The Englis
C.The Negroe
D.The Indian
考题
The earliest immigrants to North America found Indians already living there．The Indians numbered about 500,000 at that time．Their society was a primitive society,but they lived peacefully and welcomed the white strangers to the land．However,these early immigrants from Europe didn't want to share the land with the natives．They killed off many of the Indians,seized their land or pushed them off to lands farther away．Today the Indians,not more than half a million,live in poverty and misery on the land on which they were once masters.
The earliest immigrants were the Spanish,who settled in the southern part of what is now the US．The next large group were the English,after the English came the French,Dutch,Irish,Germans,and other nationality groups,mostly European.
Another early group to arrive were the Negroes．But they were brought in as slaves from Africa．They didn't win freedom till generations later.
According to this passage,which of the following is true?A.The Negroes came to North America in order to work for the earliest immigrant
B.The Negroes also belonged to the earliest immigrants to the North Americ
C.The Negroes were brought to America by chanc
D.The Negroes didn't win freedom until no
考题
共用题干
Ceasing to Wear Ties1 It's useless.It's dirty.It spreads disease.That's why the British Medical Association in the UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties.2 That leads to another question.Why does anyone wear a tie?Ties serve no purpose.They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm.They always seem to get covered in food stains.Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie.It lets everyone know what you just ate.3 Ties have an odd history.Soldiers from Croatia,in Eastern Europe,served as mercenaries（雇佣军）in various conflicts in the 17th century.They were identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck.Known as cravats（围巾）,these became a popular fashion item in France and eventually evolved into the tie.4 It's an interesting story,but it doesn't tell us why men want to put useless pieces of cloth or silk around their necks.The answer seems to be about identification（身份证明）.In the19th-century Britain,ties were used by universities,military regiments（团）,sports clubs, schools and gentleman's clubs.Each tie was in a particular set of colors which identified the wearer as a member of that organization.Wearing ties was also the mark of Britain's most powerful classes.That made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect.And that led it to be adopted by a much larger class一the business class.5 You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery.So wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used his brain to make a living,rather than his hands.It showed you were serious.It showed you were a professional.It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one.It was just impossible to take seriously a man who did not wear a piece of colored silk around his neck.This is how millions of people came to wear ties across the world.6 Is there a future for ties?The signs are not promising.Many political leaders,including British Prime Minister Tony Blair,now go without ties.People wore different ties in Britain in the 19th century to show that________.A:they were workmenB:they were members of different organizationsC:hospital doctors stop wearing tiesD:who does not always wear a tieE:who served as mercenaries in many conflicts in the 1 7th centuryF:who does not want to live like a king
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共用题干
第一篇A Society Without a Formal AuthorityIn the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.Members of the tribes got others to do things___________.A:with resolutionB:by examplesC:by forceD:with effort
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第一篇A Society Without a Formal AuthorityIn the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.According to the author,it is hard for a society to work without_______.A:a recognized authorityB:enough moneyC:examplesD:changes
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第一篇A Society Without a Formal AuthorityIn the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.It can be inferred from the passage that many tasks in our society have to be carried out_________.A:under severe weather conditionsB:without any effortC:without any delayD:with ease
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第一篇A Society Without a Formal AuthorityIn the seventeenth century,European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the westem Great Lakes found that several native tribes（部落）were living in the area without a formal leadership system.They appeared to be"quite friendly with each other without a formal authority"!Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority,but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions.All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by lifelong（一生的）familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians' rate of social change was slow. Thus,although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders,no real authority was required.Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough),members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.It would be difficult,if not impossible,to carry out such a system in our own society.Most oi us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents,our teachers,our bosses,our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell u, what to do.The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workabl( society without it.We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.Of course,the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large.The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often undertight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system,in modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.Which of the following statements about the European soldiers is correct?A:They had no leaders.B:They treated the Indian groups well.C:They came across some Indian groups.D:They found the Indian groups friendly to them.
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Ceasing to Wear Ties1 It's useless.It's dirty.It spreads disease.That's why the British Medical Association in the UK recently called for hospital doctors to stop wearing ties.2 That leads to another question.Why does anyone wear a tie?Ties serve no purpose.They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm.They always seem to get covered in food stains.Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie.It lets everyone know what you just ate.3 Ties have an odd history.Soldiers from Croatia,in Eastern Europe,served as mercenaries（雇佣军）in various conflicts in the 17th century.They were identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck.Known as cravats（围巾）,these became a popular fashion item in France and eventually evolved into the tie.4 It's an interesting story,but it doesn't tell us why men want to put useless pieces of cloth or silk around their necks.The answer seems to be about identification（身份证明）.In the19th-century Britain,ties were used by universities,military regiments（团）,sports clubs, schools and gentleman's clubs.Each tie was in a particular set of colors which identified the wearer as a member of that organization.Wearing ties was also the mark of Britain's most powerful classes.That made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect.And that led it to be adopted by a much larger class一the business class.5 You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery.So wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used his brain to make a living,rather than his hands.It showed you were serious.It showed you were a professional.It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one.It was just impossible to take seriously a man who did not wear a piece of colored silk around his neck.This is how millions of people came to wear ties across the world.6 Is there a future for ties?The signs are not promising.Many political leaders,including British Prime Minister Tony Blair,now go without ties.Ties were first worn by the Croatian soldiers________.A:they were workmenB:they were members of different organizationsC:hospital doctors stop wearing tiesD:who does not always wear a tieE:who served as mercenaries in many conflicts in the 1 7th centuryF:who does not want to live like a king
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第一篇The IcemanOn a September day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy.Highup on a mountain pass,they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet,or 3,200meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice hadmelted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head.There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.Who was this man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions.Some people thought that it was from this century,perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War Ⅰ ,since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father,whohad died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found.The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques,the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C.,he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe.At first scientists thought he was probablya hunter who had died in an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence,however,tells a different story.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound,and not from the wound on the back of his head.This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle.It might have been part of a larger war,or he might have been fighting bandits.He might even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools,scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in.We may never know the full story of how he died,but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because__________.A:he was lying on the iceB:he was just on a mountain passC:two Germans were climbing the mountainsD:the melted ice made him visible
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第一篇The IcemanOn a September day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy.Highup on a mountain pass,they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet,or 3,200meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice hadmelted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head.There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.Who was this man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions.Some people thought that it was from this century,perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War Ⅰ ,since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father,whohad died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found.The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques,the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C.,he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe.At first scientists thought he was probablya hunter who had died in an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence,however,tells a different story.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound,and not from the wound on the back of his head.This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle.It might have been part of a larger war,or he might have been fighting bandits.He might even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools,scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in.We may never know the full story of how he died,but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT________.A:he was a soldier in World War ⅠB:he was a Swiss woman's long-lost fatherC:he came from ItalyD:he was born about a thousand years ago
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第一篇The IcemanOn a September day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy.Highup on a mountain pass,they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet,or 3,200meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice hadmelted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head.There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.Who was this man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions.Some people thought that it was from this century,perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War Ⅰ ,since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father,whohad died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found.The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques,the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C.,he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe.At first scientists thought he was probablya hunter who had died in an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence,however,tells a different story.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound,and not from the wound on the back of his head.This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle.It might have been part of a larger war,or he might have been fighting bandits.He might even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools,scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in.We may never know the full story of how he died,but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.The word"bandits"in Paragraph 4 could be best replaced by__________.A:soldiers B:huntersC:robbersD:shooters
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第二篇The IcemanOn a September day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy.High up on a mountain pass,they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height(10,499 feet,or 3,200 meters),the ice is usually peiianerIt,but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition , except for a wound in the head.There was still skin on the hones and the remains of some clothes.The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.Who was this man?How ahd when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions.Some people thought that it was from this century,perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father,who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found.The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques,the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C.,he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe.At first scientists thought he was proba- bly a hunter who had died in an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence,however,tells a different story.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin,but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound,and not from the wound on the back of his head.This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle.It might have been part of a larger war,or he might have been fighting bandits.He might even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools,scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in.We may never know the full story of how he died,but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.The word"bandits"in Paragraph 4 could be best replaced by________.A:huntersB:shootersC:robbers D:soldiers
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Student participation（参与）in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses.Some professors base part of the final grade on the student′s oral participation.Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role（i.e.,listening and taking notes）,many courses are organized around classroom discussions,student questions,and informal lectures.In graduate discussions the professor has a"manager"role and the students make presentations and lead discussions.,The students do the actual teaching in these discussions.
A professor′s teaching method is another factor（因素）that determines the degree and type of student participation.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without controlling it.Many professors encourage students to question their ideas.Students who object to the professor′s point of view should be prepared to prove their positions.
In the teaching of science and mathematics,the controlling mode of instruction is generally traditional,with teachers presenting formal lectures and student staking notes.However,new educational trends have turned up in the humanities and social sciences in the past twenty years.Students in education,society,and history classes,for example,are often required to solve problems in groups,design projects,make presentations,and examine case studies.Since some college or university courses are"practical"rather than theoretical,they pay more attention to"doing"for themselves.
Which of the following sentences is true according to the passage?A.Student participation is not common in the classroom in many courses like society.
B.Some professors want to control the classroom discussion.
C.Some professors usually want the students to take part in the teaching of science and mathematics.
D.New educational trends have turned up in teaching of natural sciences such as chemistry.
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单选题Which of the following is the best way to revise sentences 13 and 14 (reproduced below) in the context of the passage?There are many recreations and nature attractions in this area, like golf courses, lakes, rivers, caverns, and mountains. People really don't know what the place has w offer.A
You might not realize that this area offer a range of natural attractions and recreations activities, including golf courses, lake, river, caverns, and mountains.B
People unfamiliar with Branson might not realize that this area offers a tango of natural attractions and recreational activities, including golf courses, lakes, rivers, caverns, and mountains.C
People might not realize that golf courses, lakes, river, caverns,, and mountains might all be found in Branson if they were to visitD
People unfamiliar with Brason do not that golf courses, lakes, river, caverns. mountains－can all be found in the Branson area if they were to visit.E
You might not realize, if unfamiliar with Branson, 'the range of natural and recreational resources available in the city, golf courses, lakes, rivers, caverns, and mountains being just a few.
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