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Lynch CA.Metadata hearvesting and the open archives initiative.［2001-08-12］.http：//www.arl.org/newsltr/217/mhp.html.该文献类型为一般网上文章。
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更多 “Lynch CA.Metadata hearvesting and the open archives initiative.［2001-08-12］.http：//www.arl.org/newsltr/217/mhp.html.该文献类型为一般网上文章。” 相关考题
考题
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its "one-click"online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.
Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bil-ski, as the case is known, is "a very big deal," says Dennis D．Crouch of the University of Mis-souri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.
The Bilski ease involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its State Street Bank ruling.
The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court," says Harold C． Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.
The word "about-face" (Paragraph 3) most probably meansA.loss of good will
B.increase of hostility
C.change of attitude
D.enhancement of dignity
考题
Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for,click on and say online,companies can aim“behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission（FTC）proposed adding a"do not track"（DNT）option to internet browsers,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance（DAA）agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8,would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch,Microsoft's chief privacy officer,bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control."Could it really be that simple?27.“The industry”（Line 6,Para.3）refers to:A.online advertisers
B.e-commerce conductors
C.digital information analysis
D.internet browser developers
考题
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its "one-click"online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.
Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bil-ski, as the case is known, is "a very big deal," says Dennis D．Crouch of the University of Mis-souri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.
The Bilski ease involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its State Street Bank ruling.
The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court," says Harold C． Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.
Which of the following would be the subject of the text?A.A looming threat to business-method patents.
B.Protection for business-method patent holders.
C.A legal case regarding business-method patents.
D.A prevailing trend against business-method patents.
考题
Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for,click on and say online,companies can aim“behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission（FTC）proposed adding a"do not track"（DNT）option to internet browsers,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance（DAA）agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8,would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch,Microsoft's chief privacy officer,bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control."Could it really be that simple?30.The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:A.indulgence
B.understanding
C.appreciaction
D.skepticism
考题
《走向城市设计的宣言》(Towards an Urban Design Manifest)的作者是：( )A.刘易斯·凯博(Lewis Keeble)
B.布罗西与格里斯(J.Brothie、Walter L.Greese)
C.雅各布斯与阿普亚德(Alien Jacobs、Donald Appleyard)
D.吉伯特与林奇(F.Gibberd、Kevin Lynch)
考题
现代城市设计的明确定义是谁最早提出的？( )A.美国的凯文·林奇(Kevin Lynch)
B.芬兰的建筑师沙里宁(Eliel Saarinen)
C.英国的建筑师弗·吉伯德(F.Gibberd)
D.法国的建筑师刘易斯·凯博(Lewis KeeBle)
考题
患者女性，35岁，主因GP，孕39+6周，规律腹痛8小时入院。患者于6：00开始规律宫缩，于14：00入院，查体：宫高36cm，腹围101cm，LOA位，胎头入盆，宫缩30～40"/4～5’，强度（++）～（+++），胎心率140次/分，胎膜未破。骨盆外测量23cm-26cm-18cm-7.5cm；阴道检查：宫口开大5cm，先露S-1，宫颈前唇水肿，胎头水肿，颅骨重叠；双侧坐骨棘突，骶凹平坦，坐骨切迹2指。术中胎盘娩出后，子宫出血约1500ml，检查子宫软，胎盘胎膜完整，子宫切口面无大血管活动出血；患者Bp80/40mmHg，HR125bpm，此时可采取哪些措施（）A、输血、血浆、晶体液等、纠正酸中毒B、按摩子宫C、促子宫收缩药D、B-Lynch子宫缝合E、宫腔纱条填塞F、子宫动脉结扎
考题
关于Lynch综合征，叙述错误的是（）。A、是常染色体显性遗传性疾病B、分子遗传学基础是DNA错配修复基因突变或功能失活C、息肉数多少不等，多为绒毛状腺瘤D、肠癌多位于左半结肠，单发E、常为黏液腺癌或髓样癌
考题
29岁，经产妇，39周妊娠，G3P1A1L1，合并子痫前期，羊水过多。经阴胎盘娩出后，客观的估计阴道出血量约1000ml。如应用药物效果不显著，患者仍出血较多，下列哪些操作不可行（）A、宫腔填塞纱布条B、子宫动脉上行支结扎C、子宫动脉下行支结扎D、髂内动脉结扎E、腹主动脉结扎F、子宫切除G、B-lynch缝合术H、温盐水纱布按摩子宫
考题
多选题29岁，经产妇，39周妊娠，GPAL，合并子痫前期，羊水过多。经阴胎盘娩出后，客观的估计阴道出血量约1000ml。如应用药物效果不显著，患者仍出血较多，下列哪些操作不可行（）。A宫腔填塞纱布条B子宫动脉上行支结扎C子宫动脉下行支结扎D髂内动脉结扎E腹主动脉结扎F子宫切除GB-lynch缝合术H温盐水纱布按摩子宫
考题
单选题关于Lynch综合征，叙述错误的是（）A
是常染色体显性遗传性疾病B
分子遗传学基础是DNA错配修复基因突变或功能失活C
息肉数多少不等，多为绒毛状腺瘤D
肠癌多位于左半结肠，单发E
常为黏液腺癌或髓样癌
考题
问答题Passage 5 In the eyes of Edmund Daukoru, Nigeria’s oil minister and the current president of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the price of oil is “ very low “. Compared with July, when it peaked at $ 78.40 a barrel, he is right. Since then, it has fallen by almost a quarter. On September 25th, it briefly slipped below $ 60 a barrel, its lowest level in six months. The same analysts who just a few short months ago were wondering about the effect of expensive oil on the world economy are now pondering the consequences of a slump. That might prove premature. For one thing, Mr. Daukoru insists that OPEC will do something to stem the slide. At its last meeting, in mid-September, the group threatened to cut its output without notice if the price fell further. Saudi Arabia, for one, has been selling less oil of late. Ministers from different OPEC countries have been making different noises about whether a cut is desirable or likely, but all would be loath to see their revenues eroded by lower prices. The world is still consuming almost as much oil as it can pump, so any reduction in supply could send prices skywards again. Both the relative calm of this year’s hurricane season and the diminishing threat of an interruption to Iran’s oil exports seem to have contributed to the recent fall. But should clouds gather over the Atlantic, or tempers rise in the Middle East, the price could jump again. Moreover, the price of oil usually falls in the autumn, after the summer surge in petrol consumption has abated but before winter brings higher demand for heating oil. According to Sabine Schels, a commodity strategist at Merrill Lynch, seasonal swings in fuel prices are becoming more pronounced, thanks to a shortage of refining and storage capacity. At times of peak demand, she argues, the petrol price must rise high enough to prompt the reopening of old and inefficient refineries that would not normally be profitable. Those refineries, in turn, use up a lot more oil, pushing up its price too. Oil markets will not escape this cycle, Miss Schels believes, until more refineries and storage tanks are built, and more fields developed—a process that can take years. Traders in the futures market also seem to believe that the oil price will rise again. Oil for delivery- in December 2007, for example, cost $ 68 on September 27th. The price is more than $ 60 for all months until December 2011. Those bets could sour, however, if the American economy slows, as many suspect it is already doing. That would dent demand for oil, both from America itself and from countries that supply it with imports, such as China. Economists at HSBC, who expect a sharp American slowdown in 2007, now think Asian GDP growth will be 5.8% in 2007, against the consensus forecast of 6.3 %. On the other hand, cheaper oil might help to mitigate any slowdown, in several ways. It would boost firms hit by higher energy prices, such as the struggling manufacturers of gas-guzzling cars. And it will relieve the pressure on consumers, at a time when many are worried that a stalling housing market may weigh on their spending. Economists at Morgan Stanley estimate that the fall in petrol prices from over $ 3 to $ 2.50 a gallon (the average is now $ 2.42) will alone have added some $ 78 billion to American purchasing power. Consumer confidence numbers, released on September 26th, were unexpectedly strong. Above all, cheaper oil would ease concerns about inflation, and so reduce the need for central bankers to increase interest rates. American inflation slowed in August, thanks in part to smaller increases in the cost of energy and transport. That’s good news, except that it might simply prompt Americans to drive more. 1. What does the author mean by “that might prove premature”? (Para. 2) Why does he say so? 2. Paraphrase the sentence “those bets could sour, however, if the American economy slows” (Para. 6) 3. Why cheaper oil might help to “mitigate any slowdown”?
考题
多选题患者女性，35岁，主因G1P0，孕39+6周，规律腹痛8小时入院。患者于6：00开始规律宫缩，于14：00入院，查体：宫高36cm，腹围101cm，LOA位，胎头入盆，宫缩30～40"/4～5’，强度（++）～（+++），胎心率140次/分，胎膜未破。骨盆外测量23cm-26cm-18cm-7.5cm；阴道检查：宫口开大5cm，先露S，宫颈前唇水肿，胎头水肿，颅骨重叠；双侧坐骨棘突，骶凹平坦，坐骨切迹2指。术中胎盘娩出后，子宫出血约1500ml，检查子宫软，胎盘胎膜完整，子宫切口面无大血管活动出血；患者Bp80/40mmHg，HR125bpm，此时可采取哪些措施（）A输血、血浆、晶体液等、纠正酸中毒B按摩子宫C促子宫收缩药DB-Lynch子宫缝合E宫腔纱条填塞F子宫动脉结扎
考题
判断题Lynch CA.Metadata hearvesting and the open archives initiative.［2001-08-12］.http：//www.arl.org/newsltr/217/mhp.html.该文献类型为一般网上文章。A
对B
错
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