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名词解释题
hormone (激素)
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考题
The hormone cortisol，which controls salt and water excretion，is made in the morning，______the body is.A. whereB. nowhereC. everywhereD. wherever
考题
机体的某些细胞能产生某些特异性的化学物质,如内分泌腺细胞所分泌的hormone,可以通过血液循环输送到全身各处,调节机体的新陈代谢、生长、发育、生殖等功能活动,这种调节称为:()
A、神经调节B、体液调节C、自身调节D、反馈调节
考题
Parathyroid hormone(PTH)是一种亲骨性内分泌激素,下列叙述错误的是
A、PTH由甲状腺C细胞分泌B、PTH的靶器官是骨和肾C、PTH有促进骨吸收和骨形成双重作用D、PTH的分泌主要受血钙浓度调节E、人的PTH基因定位于11号染色体短臂，与降钙素基因毗邻
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第二篇Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers,be careful.Having a quick "pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a stimulant（兴奋剂）,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin（褪黑激素）,thebrain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime.Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am , before falling again. " It 's the neurohormone（神经激素）that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,"says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halvesthe body'S levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers sleptless well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf（脱咖啡因咖啡）.On average,subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off,twice as long as usual.In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine（尿）sample.Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin.The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers.In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme（酶）that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body.Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch. The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate that_______.A:melatonin levels need to be raisedB:coffee is a stimulanC:neurohormone can wake us upD:caffeine can balance our brain hormone
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第一篇Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering began when the DNA molecule（分子）,the most basic unit of life , was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick.An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction.Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970.In one of the first experiments,patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme,but their bodies would not accept it.In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology.Another failure.Genetic engineering got a legal boost（激励）in 1980. The U. S. Supreme Court said that a patent couldbe granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium（细菌）.This bacterium would help clean up oil spills.The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms,and three important medical products were quickly developed.1.Human interferon（干扰素）—a possible solution to some cancers and viral diseases.A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.2. Human growth hormone（荷尔蒙）一for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone was previously produced from human cadavers,but by changing the genetic make- up of the single-cell bacterium E.coli,and affordable growth hormone could be produced.3. Human insulin（胰岛素）一for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or-pork-based product until 1982.Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.Advances in genetic engineering have continued,though they constantly must be weighed against the safety of procedures.There is clearly much more to discover.According to the passage, human interferon__________.A:is a hormone that causes diseaseB:could be used to treat cancerC:is a viral diseaseD:has been cured
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Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers,be careful. Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a stimulant（兴奋剂）,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin（褪黑激素）,the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again.“It's the neurohormone（神经激素）that con-trols our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,”says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf（脱咖啡因咖啡）.On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off,twice as long as usual.In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine（尿）sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a break-down product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medi-cine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme（酶）that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body. Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.The experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 finds that caffeine drinkers______. A: produce less melatoninB: sleep longer than decaf drinkersC: produce more urine at nightD: wake up every three hours
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第二篇Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers,be careful.Having a quick "pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a stimulant（兴奋剂）,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin（褪黑激素）,thebrain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime.Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am , before falling again. " It 's the neurohormone（神经激素）that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,"says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halvesthe body'S levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers sleptless well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf（脱咖啡因咖啡）.On average,subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off,twice as long as usual.In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine（尿）sample.Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin.The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers.In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme（酶）that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body.Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?A:It blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B:It interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C:It halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.D:It stays in the body for many hours.
考题
共用题干
Late-Night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware .Having a quick"pick-me-up"cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep.As well as being a stimulant,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin,the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime.Levels then peak be-tween 2 a.m.and 4 a. m.,before falling again."It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,"says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six vol- unteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of de-caf（脱因咖啡）.On average , subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated cof-fee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off-twice as long as usual-and jigged around in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample,Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin .The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers.In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body,Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch. Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?A: Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B: Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C: Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.D: Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.
考题
哪一激素是非低血糖的对抗激素（）A、生长激素（growth hormone）B、胰高糖素（glucagon）C、皮质醇（cortisol）D、肾上腺素（norepinephrine）E、生长抑素（somatostatin）
考题
单选题Which of the following is the CORRECT explanation of “enzyme” (Para. 6)?A
A kind of chemical hormone that is produced by human body.B
A kind of protein that act as catalyst in diagnosing lactose.C
A kind of fungus that can be used to decompose lactose.D
A kind of gene that is called lactase.
考题
单选题To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must _____.A
be part of the digestive processB
influence the operations of the nervous systemC
affect processes in a different part of the bodyD
regulate attitudes and behavior
考题
单选题卵巢性激素以胆固醇为原料的合成途径，正确的是（）。A
雄激素→雌激素→孕激素B
雌激素→孕激素→雄激素C
孕激素→雄激素→雌激素D
雌激素→雄激素→孕激素E
孕激素→雌激素→雄激素
考题
单选题哪一激素是非低血糖的对抗激素（）A
生长激素（growth hormone）B
胰高糖素（glucagon）C
皮质醇（cortisol）D
肾上腺素（norepinephrine）E
生长抑素（somatostatin）
考题
单选题The passage mainly discusses ______.A
how sex differences are demonstrated in social relationsB
how hormone determines sex differencesC
why there are differences between males and femalesD
why men and women have different social roles
考题
单选题Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy?A
The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.B
A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.C
HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.D
Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.
考题
名词解释题激素(hormone)
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