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名词解释题
环境污染environmental pollution
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According to the passage, the most ambitious effort to control pollution ______.［A］could help improve the local economy［B］will be financially supported by the truckers［C］may depend on independent contractors［D］will upgrade all the trucks to reduce pollution
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（）is the environmental process to collect, sort, transport and bury or incinerate waste goodsA、environmental logisticsB、waste material logisticsC、returned logistics D、recycle
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单选题What would happen to some countries if tourism stopped?A
Their economies would be ruined.B
It would keep their economies going.C
There would be no more environmental pollution there.D
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单选题If a vessel moored at a U-Sterminal does not comply with coast guard pollution prevention regulation, it may be detained by the （）A
Inspector generalB
Captain of the portC
local port authorityD
state pollution board
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单选题Which of the following is the best version of the underlined portions of sentences 10 and 11 (reproduced below)?For instance, one candidate might want to eliminate environmental regulations so his industrial supporters can get richer. But you have asthma that is affected by the pollution or you'd rather not swim in a lake that has become polluted because of it.A
(as it is now)B
for the financial benefit of his industrial supporters, but to the detriment of your asthma and your favorite swimming lake, which are harmed by pollution.C
for his industrial supporters' wealth, but you have asthma and your favorite swim- ming lake is getting worse because of pollution.D
for his industrial supporters' wealth, but not for your asthma and your favorite swimming lake is harmed by pollution.E
for the financial benefit of his industrial supporters, but to the detriment of your asthma and your favorite swimming lake are harmed by pollution.
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单选题The latest annex of MARPOL 73/78 is about（）A
the Prevention of Pollution by OilB
the Prevention of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in BulkC
Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from ShipsD
Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships
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单选题The Pollution Prevention Regulations require that all oil spills in United States water be reported immediately to the （）.A
local port authorityB
Corps of EngineersC
USCoast GuardD
state pollution board
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问答题Research published in May 1998 by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) showed that reducing coastal and river pollution and ensuring a reliable water supply were among the top environmental priorities for the public. All discharges to water in the UK require the consent of the appropriate regulatory authority. In England and Wales the Environment Agency’s principal method of controlling water pollution is through the regulation of all effluent discharges, including sewage, into groundwater, and inland and coastal waters. The Agency maintains public registers containing information about water quality, discharge consents, authorizations and monitoring. Applicants for consents to discharge have the right of appeal if they are dissatisfied with the Agency’s decision; most of these appeals are dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate, an executive agency of the DETR. In Scotland control is the responsibility of the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), and most appeals are dealt with by the Scottish Office. In Northern Ireland the Environment and Heritage Service is responsible for controlling water pollution. In 1997, there were 4,717 cases in England and Wales of discharges exceeding their consented limits, including a number of offences by water companies discharging insufficiently treated sewage. The majority of these breaches did not cause any significant environmental damage. However, the Environment Agency did bring 65 cases to court, of which 61 were successful, resulting in fines ranging from ￡ 440 to ￡ 12,000 and one prison sentence of two months. In Scotland, there were 2,734 pollution incidents in 1997; SEPA seeks prosecution in all significant cases. In 1997 and 1998, the Government introduced statutory Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for 33 substances in water. The new regulations give legal force for the first time to standards for some of the most dangerous pollutants found in the aquatic environment. In the UK, 96 percent of the population live in properties connected to a sewer, and sewage treatment works serve over 80 percent of the population. In England and Wales, the water industry is committed to an investment programme of some ￡ 11,000 million over ten years for improvements to water quality. Progressively higher treatment standards for industrial waste effluents and new measures to combat pollution from agriculture are expected to bring further improvements in water quality. In Scotland, responsibility for the provision of all water and sewerage services lies with three Water and Sewerage Authorities, covering the north, east and west of the country.
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单选题What is the passage mainly about?A
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How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C
How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D
How serious air pollution is in big cities.
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A safety and environmental protection policy;B
Instructions and procedures to ensure safety operation of ships and protection of the environment in compliance with relevant international and flag state legislationC
Provide a guarantee that there will never be another accident or technical defectD
Defined levels of authority and lines of communication between and amongst, shore and shipboard personnel
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问答题Practice 8 A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster. The report was published by the UK’s Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source—exhaust fumes (废气) . Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward (顶风的) side of the street where exposure to pollutants (污染物) can be 50 percent less than on the downwind (顺风的) side. Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10%, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker (双层电车) can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tend to be less toxic (有毒的) than that at street level, coz underground pollution is mostly make up of tiny iron particles (粒子) thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel (柴油机) and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants. when you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb (路缘) while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.
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