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单选题
George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they ______.
A
manage their patients incompetently
B
give patients more medicine than needed
C
reduce drug dosages for their patients
D
prolong the needless suffering of the patients
参考答案
参考解析
解析：
细节题。George Annas在最后一段第二句提到：“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent that it constitutes ‘systematic patient abuse’”，很多医生似乎对可以预见到的、病人不必遭受的痛苦漠不关心，以至于构成“蓄意虐待病人”。最后一句还提到，行医执照的颁发机构必须明确一点，让病人痛苦地死去可能是失职行为导致的，应当吊销其行医执照。由此可见，延长病人不必要的痛苦，医生会受到惩罚。
细节题。George Annas在最后一段第二句提到：“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent that it constitutes ‘systematic patient abuse’”，很多医生似乎对可以预见到的、病人不必遭受的痛苦漠不关心，以至于构成“蓄意虐待病人”。最后一句还提到，行医执照的颁发机构必须明确一点，让病人痛苦地死去可能是失职行为导致的，应当吊销其行医执照。由此可见，延长病人不必要的痛苦，医生会受到惩罚。
更多 “单选题George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they ______.A manage their patients incompetentlyB give patients more medicine than neededC reduce drug dosages for their patientsD prolong the needless suffering of the patients” 相关考题
考题
A report published today by British doctors showed some worrying trends, but also some positive signs that in the long- term the country’s health might improve. The report was based on two years of interviews with family doctors about their patients.The doctors expressed concern that patients were eating too much and were generally overweight. The doctors said this was particularly worrying as they were seeing more and more young people with weight problems. But it was not just their patients eating too much concerned doctors, but the quality of the food as well.The doctors said that many of their patients led busy lives and did not have time to cook traditional meals. Because of this many of them were turning to unhealthy fast foods. Salesof this type of food have been increasing steadily over the last decade, although there were signs that the rate of growth is declining. The doctors felt that there was a clear link between over- consuming of fast food and health problems among their patients.But the report was not all bad news. The doctors interviewed also reported an increased awareness of the importance of healthy eating among their patients. Many reported an increasein the number of patients they see who had switched to a healthy organic diet.41.The report was_____________________.A). mainly bad news B). all bad news C). all good news D). mainly good news 42. The doctors expressed concern about the problem of ___________________. A). patient’s eating too much B). patient’s quality of the foodC). both the patient’s eating too much and low quality of the food. D). old patients’ overweight43.The doctors said that many of their patients didn’t cook traditional meals because__________________.A). patients led busy lives and they have no time to cook the traditional meals. B). patients liked to have some fast food.C). patients believed that traditional cook were not delicious D). patients often went out for dinner44. At the moment sales of fast food______________. A). are growing rapidly B). are growing slowing C). are decliningD). are at the same speed as before45. Doctors report that more of their patients _________________. A). are aware of the importance of healthy eating B). don’t care about healthy eatingC). are stopping eating fast foods D). turn to fast food more often
考题
George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they ______.A) manage their patients incompetentlyB) give patients more medicine than neededC ) reduce drug dosages for their patientsD) prolong the needless suffering of the patients
考题
George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if theyA manage their patients incompetently.B give patients more medicine than needed.C reduce dmg dosages for their patients.D prolong the needless suffering of the patients.
考题
The word “euthanasia” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.[A] doctors’ sympathy to dying patients[B] doctors’ aggressive medical measures to dying patients[C] doctors’ mercy killing to reduce sufferings of dying patients[D] doctors’ well-meaning treatment to save dying patients
考题
共用题干
第二篇Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi- cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con- trol their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa- tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be- cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.Itidentifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li- censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man- aged and should result in license suspension."According to the NAS's report,one of the problems in end-of-life care is________.A:prolonged medical proceduresB:inadequate treatment of painC:systematic drug abuseD:insufficient hospital care
考题
共用题干
第二篇Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi- cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con- trol their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa- tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be- cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.Itidentifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li- censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man- aged and should result in license suspension."Which of the following best defines the word"aggressive"(line 3,paragraph 7)?A:Bold.B:Harmful.C:Careless.D:Desperate.
考题
共用题干
Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."According to the NAS's report,one of the problems in end-of-life care is______.A:prolonged medical procedures B:inadequate treatment of painC:systematic drug abuse D:insufficient hospital care
考题
共用题干
Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."Which of the following best defines the word"aggressive"(Line 3,Para.7)?A:Bold. B:Harmful.C:Careless. D:Desperate.
考题
共用题干
Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."From the first three paragraphs,we learn that______.A:doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients'painB:it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their livesC:the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicideD:patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
考题
共用题干
Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they______.A:manage their patients incompetently B:give patients more medicine than neededC:reduce drug dosages for their patients D:prolong the needless suffering of the patients
考题
共用题干
第二篇Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi- cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con- trol their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa- tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be- cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.Itidentifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li- censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man- aged and should result in license suspension."George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they________.A:manage their patients incompetentlyB:give patients more medicine than neededC:reduce drug dosages for their patients D:prolong the needless suffering of the patients
考题
共用题干
Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A:Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients'death.B:Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.C:The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication should be prescribed.D:A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.
考题
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第二篇Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi- cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con- trol their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa- tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be- cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.Itidentifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li- censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man- aged and should result in license suspension."Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A:Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.B:Modem medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.C:The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication should be prescribed.D:A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.
考题
共用题干
第一篇Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much?Earlier this year,the American College of Surgeons,the national scientific and educational organizationof surgeons,conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to re- searching his or her surgery or surgeon.While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation,they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.In fact,more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the cre- dentials of the surgeon who operated.Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change(on average,about 10 hours)or a new car(8 hours)than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields（支配）the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their sur -geons or primary care doctors,whoever those individuals happen to be.I felt curious about the survey,so I called Dr. Thomas Russell,executive director of the American College of Surgeons."There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel com-pelled to look into their surgery or surgeons,"he told me.There are consequences to that kind of blind trust."Today,medicine and surgery are really team sports,"Dr. Russell continued,"and the patient,as the ultimate decision-maker,is the most important mem- ber of the team.Mistakes can happen,and patients have to be educated and must understand what isgoing on."In other words,a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and re-sponsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationshipeducated about their doctors,their illnesses and their treatment."If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the U.S.,"Dr. Russell said,"everybody hasto participate actively and must educate themselves.That means doctors,nurses,other health careprofessionals , lawyers , pharmaceutical（制药的）companies , and insurance companies. But most of all , it means the patient."Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon,who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science,once observed,knowledge is power.Nowadays patients seem to have__________.A:too much trust in their doctorsB:too much information about their doctorsC:too little faith in their doctorsD:a healthy relationship with their doctors
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第一篇Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much?Earlier this year,the American College of Surgeons,the national scientific and educational organizationof surgeons,conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to re- searching his or her surgery or surgeon.While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation,they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.In fact,more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the cre- dentials of the surgeon who operated.Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change(on average,about 10 hours)or a new car(8 hours)than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields（支配）the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their sur -geons or primary care doctors,whoever those individuals happen to be.I felt curious about the survey,so I called Dr. Thomas Russell,executive director of the American College of Surgeons."There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel com-pelled to look into their surgery or surgeons,"he told me.There are consequences to that kind of blind trust."Today,medicine and surgery are really team sports,"Dr. Russell continued,"and the patient,as the ultimate decision-maker,is the most important mem- ber of the team.Mistakes can happen,and patients have to be educated and must understand what isgoing on."In other words,a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and re-sponsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationshipeducated about their doctors,their illnesses and their treatment."If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the U.S.,"Dr. Russell said,"everybody hasto participate actively and must educate themselves.That means doctors,nurses,other health careprofessionals , lawyers , pharmaceutical（制药的）companies , and insurance companies. But most of all , it means the patient."Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon,who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science,once observed,knowledge is power.According to the author,patients should spend more time__________.A:researching the American College of SurgeonsB:researching their surgery or surgeonsC:researching new carsD:researching job changes
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第二篇Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi- cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con- trol their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa- tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be- cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.Itidentifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li- censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man- aged and should result in license suspension."From the first three paragraphs,we learn that________.A:doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' painB:it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their livesC:the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicideD:patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
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Text l How,when and where death happens has changed over the past century.As late as 1990 half of deaths worldwide were caused by chronic diseases;in 2015 the share was two-thirds.Most deaths in rich countries follow years of uneven deterioration.Roughly two-thirds happen in a hospital or nursing home.They often come after a ctimax of desperate treatment.Such passionate intervention can be agonising for all concerned.These medicalised deaths do not seem to be what people want.Polls find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes,they will die at home.They want to die free from pain,at peace,and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.But some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death's imminence with champagne,as Anton Chekhov did.What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears.Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital.A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death.Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes~by default,when doctors do"everything possible",as they have been trained to,without talking through people's preferences or ensuring that the prediction is clearly understood.The legalisation of doctor-assisted dying has been called for,so that mentally fit,terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish.But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life.The evidence suggests that most people want this option,but that few would,in the end,choose to exercise it.To give people the death they say they want,medicine should take some simple steps.More palliative care is needed.Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering,but to prolong life,too.Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death,not to talk about its inevitability.But talk they must.Medicare,America's public health scheme for the over-65s,has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients;other national health-care systems,and insurers,should follow.Cost is not an obstacle,since informed,engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures.Fewer doctors may be sued,as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.
As people face dying,medicalised deaths would_____.A.arouse more of their curiosity
B.incur more of their criticism
C.raise more of their suspicion
D.receive more of their support
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Physician-assisted Suicide1.The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications forhow medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.2.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect,"a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.3.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high dose of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.4.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.5.George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothingillegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't callthose deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend theirsuicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.6.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care atthe End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.7. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices（临终关怀医院）, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives trans-late into better care.According to the NAS,one of the problems in end-of-life care is________.A:help the dying end their livesB:can be prescribedC:the needless suffering of the patientsD:the helplessness of the patientsE:inadequate treatment of pain F: prescribe a drug
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Physician-assisted Suicide1.The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications forhow medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.2.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect,"a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.3.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high dose of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.4.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.5.George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothingillegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't callthose deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend theirsuicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.6.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care atthe End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.7. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices（临终关怀医院）, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives trans-late into better care.Paragraph 2________A:Doctors' Practice of the PrincipleB:The Effects of Modern Medicine to Their IllnessC:The Decision of Physician-assisted SuicideD:Protection of the DoctorsE:Constitutional Support for Physician-assisted SuicideF:The Double-effect Principle
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Physician-assisted Suicide1.The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications forhow medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.2.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect,"a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.3.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high dose of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.4.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.5.George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothingillegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't callthose deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend theirsuicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.6.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care atthe End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.7. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices（临终关怀医院）, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives trans-late into better care.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they prolong________.A:help the dying end their livesB:can be prescribedC:the needless suffering of the patientsD:the helplessness of the patientsE:inadequate treatment of pain F: prescribe a drug
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单选题From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ______.A
doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ painB
it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their livesC
the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicideD
patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
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单选题Dr. Bruce Charlton would probably prefer to see a more formal relationship______.A
among doctors.B
among managers.C
between doctors and managers.D
between doctors and patients.
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单选题What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospital patients recover more quickly?A
Nature.B
Better treatment.C
Experienced doctors.D
Good medicine.
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单选题Doctors are often caught in a _____ because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not.A
puzzleB
perplexityC
dilemmaD
bewilderment
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单选题Doctors give less importance to the communication between patients and doctors mainly because ______.A
modem medical instruments are usedB
they can cure more diseases and save more livesC
they have much more medical experience than beforeD
they are too busy to have time to talk with patients
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单选题Dr. Bruce Charlton would probably prefer to see a more formal relationship _____.A
among doctorsB
among managersC
between doctors and managersD
between doctors and patients
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