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The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.
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更多 “ The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages. ” 相关考题
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●Prior to the UML，there was no clearleading (66) language.Users had to choose from among many similar modeling languages with minor differences in overall (67) power.Most of the modeling languages shared a set of commonly accepted concepts that are expressed slightly differently in various languages.This lack of (68) discouraged new users from entering the OO market and from doing OO modeling，without greatly expanding the power of modeling.Users longed for the industry to adopt one，or a very few，broadly supported modelinglanguages suitable for (69) usage.Some Vendors were discouraged from entering the OO modeling area because of the need to support many similar，but slightly different，modeling languages.In particular，the supply of add-ontools has been depressed because small vendors cannot afford to support many different formatsfrom many different (70) modeling tools.It is important to the entire OOindustry to encourage broadly based tools and vendors，as well as niche products that cater to the needs of specialized groups.(66) A．programmingB．modelingC．formalD．intelligent(67) A．controlB．expressiveC．conductiveD．interactive(68) A．agreementB．understandingC．characteristicD．diversitv(69) A．distincitiveB．special-purposeC．separateD．general-purpose(70) A．internalB．externalC．front-endD．back-end
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Curiosity is not only a possible motivation, it is also a great help in your learning languages. Remember that a language is not 11 a grammatical system. It is the 12 of a certain culture of different cultures. It is no good 13 strings of words and lists of grammatical rules 14 you know as much as possible about the background of the language, so that you can understand the ideas conveyed and the references made, as well as the inferences which can 15 the information clearly given. So learn as much as you can about the different cultures which 16 English-watch television programs, listen to the radio, try to obtain 17 and magazines written by native speakers, look at advertisements, and, above all, read-not textbooks, 18 novels, poems and plays. They will show you how a language is 19 used. The English language is a living form. of expression which derives much of its 20 from the context, and much of its effect from a whole network of extra-linguistic knowledge.11．A. just B. even C. so D. that
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We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
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From the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years,______.A. those colleges and universities were the sameB. people, young or old, might study in the collegesC. students studied only some languages and scienceD. when the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachers
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Prior to the UML, there was no clearleading(66)Ianguage. Users had to choose from among many similar modeling languages with minor differences in overall(67)power. Most of the modeling languages shared a set of commonly accepted concepts that are expressed slightly differently in various languages. This lack of(68)discouraged new users from entering the OO market and from doing OO modeling, without greatly expanding the power of modeling. Users longed for the industry to adopt one, or a very few, broadly supported modeling languages suitable for(69)usage.Some Vendors were discouraged from entering the OO modeling area because of the need to support many similar, but slightly different, modeling languages. In particular, the supply of add-on tools has been depressed because small vendors cannot afford to support many different formats from many differem(70)modeling tools. It is important to the entire OO industry to encourage broadly based tools and vendors, as well as niche products that cater to the needs of specialized groups.A．programmingB．modelingC．formalD．intelligent
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Prior to the UML, there was no clear leading(111)language. Users had to choose from among many similar modeling languages with minor differences in overall(112)power. Most of the modeling languages shared a set of commonly accepted concepts that are expressed slightly differently in various languages. This lack of(113)discouraged new users from entering the OO market and from doing OO modeling, without greatly expanding the power of modeling. Users longed for the industry to adopt one, or a very few, broadly supported modeling languages suitable for(114)usage.Some vendors were discouraged from entering the OO modeling area because of the need to support many similar, but slightly different, modeling languages. In particular, the supply of add-on tools has been depressed because small vendors cannot afford to support many different formats from many different(115) modeling tools. It is important to the entire O0 industry to encourage broadly based tools and vendors, as well as niche products that cater to the needs of specialized groups.A．programmingB．modelingC．formalD．intelligent
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Prior to the UML, there was no clear leading(66)language. Users had to choose from among many similar modeling languages with minor differences in overall(67)power. Most of the modeling languages shared a set of commonly accepted concepts that are expressed slightly differently in various languages. This lack of(68)discouraged new users from entering the OO market and from doing OO modeling, without greatly expanding the power of modeling. Users longed for the industry to adopt one, or a very few, broadly supported modeling languages suitable for(69)usage.Some Vendors were discouraged from entering the OO modeling area because of the need to support many similar, but slightly different, modeling languages. In particular, the supply of add on tools has been depressed because small vendors cannot afford to support many different formats from many different(70)modeling tools. It is important to the entire OO industry to encourage broadly based tools and vendors, as well as niche products that cater to the needs of specialized groups.A．programmingB．modelingC．formalD．intelligent
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Curiosity is not only a possible motivation，it is also a great help in your learning languages. Remember that a language is not (11)______ a grammatical system. It is the (12)______ of a certain culture of different cultures. It is no good (13)______ strings of words and lists of grammatical rules (14)______ you know as much as possible about the background of the language，so that you can understand the ideas conveyed and the references made，as well as the inferences which can (15)______ the information clearly given. so learn as much as you can about the different cultures which (16)______ English-watch television programs，listen to the radio，try to obtain (17)______ and magazines written by native speakers，look at advertisements，and，above all，read-not textbooks， (18)______ novels，poems and plays. They will show you how a language is (19)______ used. The English language is a living form. of expression which derives much of its (20)______ from the context. and much of its effect from a whole network of extra-linguistic knowledge.(11)A．justB．evenC．soD．that
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A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ______.?A.dialect
B.idiolect
C.pidgin
D.register
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.According to the third paragraph,the author thinks that______.A:there exist some primitive languages in the worldB:there are many people who don't have a languageC:no languages in the world haven't been well developedD:there are some languages we know having little complexities
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.The author argues that we do know some things about language in______aspects.A:three B:fourC:five D:six
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.According to the author,language changes are most likely to occur in______.A:grammar B:pronunciationC:vocabulary D:intonation
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.The author has used American Indian language to illustrate______.A:it hasn't been well understood that there is no primitive languageB:the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noisesC:English and Greek are less primitive than American Indian languagesD:hundreds of American Indian languages are easy and young
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A:A language is a means of expressing a particular culture.B:All languages can well express their respective cultures.C:American Indian languages are as complex as English.D:Some languages are better than others.
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The Day a Language DiedWhen Carlos Westez died at the age of 76,a language died,too.Westez,more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud , was the last speaker of the Native American language , Catawba.Anyone who wants to hear various songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington,D.C.,where ,back in the 1940s,Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations._______ (46)They are all that is left of the Catawba language.The language that people used to speak is gone forever.We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world's ecology(生态).However,few people are aware of the impact that widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life.English has spread all over the world.Chinese,Spanish,Russian,and Hindi have become powerful languages,as well.______(47) When this happens,hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few people die out.Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world,but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years.There are many examples.Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu ,located in the Pacific Ocean.It is spoken by only a few older adults , so like Catawba , Araki will soon disappear.Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.________ (48) In the Americas,100 languages,each of which has fewer than 300 speakers,also are dying out.Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it.He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe , and the language was not his mother tongue._______(49) The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular.Now he is gone and the language is dead.What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plant or insect or animal species dies , it is easy to understand what we ' ve lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural world.However , language is only a product of the mind.To be the last remaining speaker of a language , like Red Thunder Cloud , must be a lonely destiny , almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species._________(50)________(49)A:Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.B:Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages , but more than 100 of them are in,danger of extinction(灭绝).C:However , he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina , where he learned the language.D:These languages don ' t have many native speakers.E:For the rest of us,when a language dies , we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.F:As these languages become more powerful , their use as tools of business and culture increases.
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. According to the author,language changes are most likely to occur in______.A: grammarB: pronunciationC: vocabularyD: intonation
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are______.A: just as old as some well-known languagesB: just as sophisticated as some well-known languagesC: more developed than some well-known languagesD: more complex than some well-known languages
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. In the second paragraph the passage tells us that______.A: some backward race doesn't have a language of its ownB: some race in history didn't possess a language of its ownC: any human race,whether backward or not,has a languageD: some races on earth can communicate without language
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. According to the author,people of undeveloped cultures can have______languages.A: complicatedB: uncivilizedC: primitiveD: well-known
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Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A: A language can express many cultures.B: All languages can well express their respective cultures.C: American Indian languages are not as sophisticated as English.D: Some languages are better than other languages.
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The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is （）.AarbitraryBnon-arbitraryClogicalDnon-productive
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In many societies of the world， we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies， b（） inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.
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How many languages can be installed for the Cisco Agent Desktop (CAD) and the Cisco Supervisor Desktop （）.A、one language for both the CAD and the CSD B、one language for the CAD and a different language for the CSD C、two languages for the CAD and one language for the CSD D、two languages for both the CAD and the CSD
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单选题The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is （）.A
arbitraryB
non-arbitraryC
logicalD
non-productive
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单选题According to the passage, Asian civilizations, which were ahead of Europe’s, fell behind because ______.A
Asian languages were more difficult to learnB
European languages had simple alphabetsC
they didn’t have the technology to spread ideasD
people’s communication skills were not good enough
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填空题In many societies of the world， we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies， b（） inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.
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