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Smart Window
Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.
"It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says Claes Granqvist. He's a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. "It's contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. " So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they're stuck indoors.
Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it's hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.
Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it's completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory. " All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. "In the future," Granqvist says, "our buildings may look different. "
Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?
A．Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.
B．Windows help to save energy by letting light in.
C．Windows help to save energy by providing heat.
D．Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.
参考答案
更多 “ Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch."It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says Claes Granqvist. He's a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. "It's contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. " So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they're stuck indoors.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it's hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it's completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory. " All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. "In the future," Granqvist says, "our buildings may look different. "Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?A．Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B．Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C．Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D．Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world. ” 相关考题
考题
CIn most situations, light helps us see. But nowadays humans are using too much of it so that it is in fact a kind of pollution.When it comes to looking at the night sky, too much light makes it difficult for us to watch some of life’s most wonderful sights: stars, planets and even galaxies(星系).According to scientific research, about 2, 500 stars can be seen by the human eye without using any special equipment(设备). But because of light pollution, you can only see 200 to 300 stars from today’s countryside, and no more than ten stars from a city. In most big cities, people cannot see the sky filled with stars like they did in their childhood.Light pollution affects more than just our view of sky. Research shows that lots of nighttime light can harm wildlife, too.When birds fly to another place over cities, they sometimes get lost by the brightness and fly in circles(圈) until they drop from tiredness. Sea turtles(海龟) need dark beaches for laying eggs, but they can’t find their ideal places because of those bright lights.Too much light at night may even affect human health, but scientists are not sure of that. They are still learning more.In order to prevent things from going worse, governments and some organizations are working to reduce light pollution. Many cities and towns have taken action to reduce the use of lights at night. Lights are used only when and where they are truly needed. They also shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky and use lower brightness levels.Hopefully, in the near future, humans can enjoy the clear and beautiful sky again and all the wildlife will live a peaceful and undisturbed life, too.27. Why does the writer think that too much light is a kind of pollution?A. Because there are fewer and fewer stars.B. Because human health has been affected.C. Because too much light is a waste of energy.D. Because some of the wildlife can be harmed.
考题
CHow Room Designs Affect Our Work and FeelingsArchitects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(经验的，实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim(暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管)," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what we're all struggling with."64. What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?A.Light.B.Ceilings.C.Windows.D.Furniture.
考题
An occulting light is one in which ______.A.the period of darkness exceeds the period of lightB.there is only a partial eclipse of the lightC.the periods of light and darkness are equalD.the period of light exceeds the period of darkness
考题
A single vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit ______.A.one all-round white lightB.sidelights and a stern lightC.only the outboard sidelight and a stern lightD.a masthead light，sidelights，and a stern light
考题
A vessel is overtaking when she can see which light(s) of a vessel ahead?A.Only the stern light of the vesselB.One sidelight and a masthead light of the vesselC.Only a sidelight of the vesselD.The masthead lights of the vessel
考题
请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。
Passage 2
NBA centre Jason Collins recently announced he was gay in a cover story for Sports
Illustrated. In other words, he"came out of the closet." This expression for revealing one's homosexuality may seem natural. Being in the closet implies hiding from the outside world, and the act of coming out of it implies the will to stop hiding. But though the closet has long been a metaphor for privacy or secrecy, its use with reference to homosexuality is relatively recent.
According to George Chauncey's comprehensive history of modern gay culture, Gay New York, the closet metaphor was not used by gay people until the 1960s. Before then, it doesn't appear anywhere"in the records of the gay movement or in the novels, diaries, or letters of gay men and lesbians."
"Coming out," however, has long been used in the gay community, but it first meant something different than it does now."A gay man's coming out originally referred to his being formally presented to the largest collective manifestation of prewar gay society, the enormous drag balls that were patterned on the debutante and masquerade balls of the dominant culture and were regularly held in New York, Chicago, New Orleans, Baltimore, and other cities." The phrase"coming out" did not refer to coming out of hiding, but to joining into a society of peers. The phrase was borrowed from the world of debutante balls, where young women"came out" in being officially
introduced to society.
The gay debutante balls were a matter of public record and often covered in the newspaper, so"coming out" within gay society often meant revealing your sexual orientation in the wider society as well, but the phrase didn't necessarily carry the implication that if you hadn't yet come out, you were keeping it a secret. There were other metaphors for the act of hiding or revealing homosexuality. Gay people could "wear a mask" or "take off the mask". A man could "wear his hair up" or "let his hair down", or "drop hairpins" that would only be recognized by other gay men.
It is unclear exactly when gay people started using the closet metaphor, but "it may have been used initially because many men who remained 'covert' thought of their homosexuality as a sort of'skeleton in the closet'." It may also have come from outsiders who viewed it that way. It seems that"coming out of the closet" was born as a mixture of two metaphors: a debutante proudly stepping into the arms of a community and a shocking secret being kept in hiding. Now. the community is the wider community, and the secret is no longer shocking,"Coming out" is a useful phrase, but it need not imply a closet.
What is the main idea of this passage?
查看材料
A．The phrase "coming out" is used in gay community.
B．The phrase "coming out" means revealing of homosexuality.
C．The meaning of the phrase "coming out" has not changed.
D．The development of the use of "coming out".
考题
Smart Windows
1.Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily.
2."It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says Claes Granqvist. He's a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. "It's contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well." So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they're stuck indoors.
3.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it's hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的), actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
4.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing(用玻璃覆盖), and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use some chromogenic(发色的)technologies involving changes of color.
5.Electrochromic(电致色的) windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of tungsten oxide(氧化钨)works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until it's completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
6.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory". All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. "In the future," Granqvist says, "our buildings may look different."
文章(31~35)
Which of the following values of windows is NOT mentioned?A.They let light in to brighten the house.
B.They let light in to heat the house.
C.They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world.
D.They let us think about the outside world.
考题
共用题干
Learn about Light1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment to measure______.A: sources of lightB: the speed of lightC: the path of lightD: a straight lineE: a beam of lightF: a form of energy
考题
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Learn about Light1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Paragraph 3______A: How Is the Nature of Light Explained Today?B: What Are Sources of Light?C: How Did Physicists Measure the Speed of Light?D: How Does Light Travel?E: How Did People Think of Light Years Ago?F: What Causes a Shadow?
考题
共用题干
Learn about Light1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Objects are visible to the human eye as light is______.A: sources of lightB: the speed of lightC: the path of lightD: a straight lineE: a beam of lightF: a form of energy
考题
Some team leaders think that the only way to ( )their team is through cash incentives. However research proves that money is the last thing you would want to use. A.arouse
B.encourage
C.incite
D.motivate
考题
共用题干
New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers1. New research published today in the journal Nature Coniniunications,has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.2. The research by the University of Surrey,in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton,has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides,a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping,the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component,leading to all-optical systems.3. Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications.On the other hand,data sources such as the Internet rely on optical systems:the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light,but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signal once they reach a computer,causing a significant slowdown in processing.4 .“The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information,we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,”said project leader,Dr. Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.5 .“This has eluded researchers for decades,but now we have shown how a widely used glass Call be manipulated to conduct negative electrons,as well as positive charges,creating what are known as‘pn-junction'devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source,a light guide and a light detecto—something that can carry and interpret optical information.In doing so,this could transform the computers of tomorrow,allowing them to effectively process infonna- tion at much faster speeds.”6. The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years .In the short term,the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM,which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported. Paragraph 3_________A: Expectation of the discoveryB:The problem of current computers.C:.A new findingD: The purpose of the researchE: Public reaction to the discoveryF: The use of the new material
考题
共用题干
第三篇Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they'redoing.Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light atnight一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮 度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean- descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. Theyare also easily broken.LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un- like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.The central part of the Portable Lights technology is_________.A:glass bulbsB:digital clocksC:incandescent lightsD:HB LEDs
考题
共用题干
New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers1. New research published today in the journal Nature Coniniunications,has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.2. The research by the University of Surrey,in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton,has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides,a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping,the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component,leading to all-optical systems.3. Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications.On the other hand,data sources such as the Internet rely on optical systems:the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light,but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signal once they reach a computer,causing a significant slowdown in processing.4 .“The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information,we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,”said project leader,Dr. Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.5 .“This has eluded researchers for decades,but now we have shown how a widely used glass Call be manipulated to conduct negative electrons,as well as positive charges,creating what are known as‘pn-junction'devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source,a light guide and a light detecto—something that can carry and interpret optical information.In doing so,this could transform the computers of tomorrow,allowing them to effectively process infonna- tion at much faster speeds.”6. The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years .In the short term,the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM,which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported. The result of the research can help computers to increase_________.A: optical informationB: processing speedsC: electronsD:positive chargesE: data technologiesF: all-optical systems
考题
共用题干
New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers1. New research published today in the journal Nature Coniniunications,has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.2. The research by the University of Surrey,in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton,has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides,a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping,the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component,leading to all-optical systems.3. Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications.On the other hand,data sources such as the Internet rely on optical systems:the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light,but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signal once they reach a computer,causing a significant slowdown in processing.4 .“The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information,we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,”said project leader,Dr. Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.5 .“This has eluded researchers for decades,but now we have shown how a widely used glass Call be manipulated to conduct negative electrons,as well as positive charges,creating what are known as‘pn-junction'devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source,a light guide and a light detecto—something that can carry and interpret optical information.In doing so,this could transform the computers of tomorrow,allowing them to effectively process infonna- tion at much faster speeds.”6. The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years .In the short term,the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM,which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.Current computers transfer information using__________.A: optical informationB: processing speedsC: electronsD:positive chargesE: data technologiesF: all-optical systems
考题
共用题干
第三篇Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they'redoing.Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light atnight一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮 度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean- descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. Theyare also easily broken.LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un- like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.To make a living,the Huichol create artwork and_________.A:sell it to tourists in their villagesB:sell it in cities far away from their villagesC:display it in their village museumsD:keep it in their homes to attract tourists
考题
共用题干
Learn About Light1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years?The Greek philoso- phrrs believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision.However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light wag like a wave.According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line.This theory was acceptedduring the 19th century.2 In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is referred to as the photoelectric effect.This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us tosee things around us.3 Things that give off light are known as sources of light.During the day,the primary source of light is the sun.Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashllights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.4 When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines.This is because normally light rays travel in a straight line.However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）,etc.5 Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times.In 1849,Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel, number of wheel'S teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second.In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second.This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.Objects are visible to the human eye as light is_______. A:sources of lightB:the speed of light C:the path of lightD:a straight lineE:a beam of lightF:a form of energy
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共用题干
第三篇Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they'redoing.Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light atnight一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮 度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean- descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. Theyare also easily broken.LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un- like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.LEDs are different from light bulbs in that__________.A:LEDg are made up of tiny pieces of rockB:LEDs can send out light of different colorsC:LEDs belong to incandescent lightsD:LEDs look like crystals
考题
共用题干
第三篇Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they'redoing.Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light atnight一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮 度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean- descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. Theyare also easily broken.LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un- like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.The Huichol don't use electricity because ________.A:it is too difficult for them to change their lifestyleB:they know nothing about itC:it costs too much to string power linesD:they don't need it
考题
If you are writing or studying,it makes very much difference where the light comes from.People who use books and pens every day have to be especially careful about the way the light shines on their work.
Every house gets its light either from daylight through the windows--which is the best to use--or from lamps or electricity;but whichever kind of light it is,the way it shines toward our book or work is a matter of great importance to the eyes.
Take a book,sit with your back toward the window,and try to read.Your shadow（影子）falls all over the page and makes it almost as bad for your eyes as if you were in a dark room.
Now turnaround and face the window.The page is in the shadow again,while the bright light is in your eyes.
Try sitting with your right side toward the window.This is very well for reading,but if you were writing,the shadow of your hand would fall across the page and bother（打搅）you a little.
There is just one other way:sit with your left side to the window.Now everything is perfect for reading and for writing,too.
Whatever kind of light is in the room,the rule about the right to sit is always the same.
When you sit with your face towards the window,__________?A.your shadow falls on your book
B.your book is in a shadow
C.the light is still dark
D.the light is on your page
考题
If you are writing or studying,it makes very much difference where the light comes from.People who use books and pens every day have to be especially careful about the way the light shines on their work.
Every house gets its light either from daylight through the windows--which is the best to use--or from lamps or electricity;but whichever kind of light it is,the way it shines toward our book or work is a matter of great importance to the eyes.
Take a book,sit with your back toward the window,and try to read.Your shadow（影子）falls all over the page and makes it almost as bad for your eyes as if you were in a dark room.
Now turnaround and face the window.The page is in the shadow again,while the bright light is in your eyes.
Try sitting with your right side toward the window.This is very well for reading,but if you were writing,the shadow of your hand would fall across the page and bother（打搅）you a little.
There is just one other way:sit with your left side to the window.Now everything is perfect for reading and for writing,too.
Whatever kind of light is in the room,the rule about the right to sit is always the same.
Which of the following is true?A.How the light shines on our work is of much importance.
B.The way the light shines on your work makes no difference.
C.We needn't care about where the light comes from.
D.People can write or study under a light that comes from any direction.
考题
If you are writing or studying,it makes very much difference where the light comes from.People who use books and pens every day have to be especially careful about the way the light shines on their work.
Every house gets its light either from daylight through the windows--which is the best to use--or from lamps or electricity;but whichever kind of light it is,the way it shines toward our book or work is a matter of great importance to the eyes.
Take a book,sit with your back toward the window,and try to read.Your shadow（影子）falls all over the page and makes it almost as bad for your eyes as if you were in a dark room.
Now turnaround and face the window.The page is in the shadow again,while the bright light is in your eyes.
Try sitting with your right side toward the window.This is very well for reading,but if you were writing,the shadow of your hand would fall across the page and bother（打搅）you a little.
There is just one other way:sit with your left side to the window.Now everything is perfect for reading and for writing,too.
Whatever kind of light is in the room,the rule about the right to sit is always the same.
The best way both for reading and for writing is to__________.A.sit facing the light
B.let the light shine from your back
C.sit with your right side towards the light
D.have the light come from your left
考题
Which of the following is the process a scanner uses to scan images to a computer？（）A、Light is shown through the image and onto the scanner headB、Light is reflected off a mirror onto the Charged Coupled Device （CCD）C、Light is flashed off a mirror onto the CCDD、Light is reflected off the image and into a camera
考题
问答题Passage 4 If you are writing or studying, it (Example: 0 ) very much difference where the light comes from. People who use books and pens every day 1 to be especially careful about the direction from which the light shines on their work. A house gets it’s light 2 from daylight through windows 3 is very good to use or from the lamps, but no matter what kind of light it is, the direction it slants(倾斜) towards our books or our work is a matter of great 4 to the eyes. Take a book, stand with your back toward the window, and try to read. Your shadow falls across the page and makes it bad for your eyes as if you were in a 5 room. Now turn 6 and face the window. The page is the shadow again, while the bright light is in your 7 . Try standing with your right side towards the window. This is very good for reading, 8 if you were writing, the shadow would 9 the page and trouble you a little. There is just one other way: stand with your 10 side to the window. Now everything is perfect for reading and for writing, too.例：0. A. make B. made C. makes【答案】C1. A. want B. have C. know2. A. either B. neither C. none3. A. what B. who C. which4. A. sorry B. illness C. importance5. A. dark B. bright C. small6. A. over B. around C. off7. A. eyes B. face C. back8. A. but B. or C. so9. A. fall down B. fall into C. fall across10. A. right B. left C. face
考题
单选题In accordance with SOLAS，the batteries that power interior lighting in inflatable liferafts can be made to last longer by（）.A
unscrewing the bulb during the daylightB
switching the light on only when necessaryC
taking no action as there is no way on saving powerD
taking no action as they shut off automatically in daylight
考题
单选题Geographic range is the maximum distance at which a light may be seen under（）.A
existing visibility conditions，limited only by the curvature of the EarthB
perfect visibility conditions，limited only by the curvature of the EarthC
existing visibility conditions，limited only by the intensity of the lightD
perfect visibility conditions，limited only by interference from background lighting
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