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共用题干
第二篇

Students Learn Better with Touchscreen Desks

Observe the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world,and a few of the many
complaints are more or less universal.Technology moves faster than the education system.Teachers must
teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And一particularly in the United States一
school children as a group don't care much for,or excel(擅长)at,mathemnatics. So it's heartening to learn
that a new kind of"classroom of the future"shows promise at easing some of these problems,starting with
that fundamental piece of classroom furniture:the desk.
A UK study involving roughly 400 students,mostly aged 8一10 years,and a new generation of
multis-touch,multi-user,computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology
has appreciably boosted students'math skills compared with peers learning the same material via the con-
ventional paper-and-pencil method.How?Through collaboration,mostly,as well as by giving teachers better
tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of
the class to continue moving forward.
Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy(效力)at increasing students'fluency in mathe-
matics,essentially through memorization and practice一dull,repetitive practice.But the researchers have con-
cluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that al-
low students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices,but by being able
to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.
One reason for this,the researchers say,is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in
the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop,each of them contributing and engaging with
the problem as part of a group.Known as SynergyNet,the software uses computer vision systems that see in
the infrared(红外线的)spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface,
allowing students to access and use tools on the screen,move objects and visual aids around on their desk-
tops,and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens.By using these
screens collaboratively,the researchers say,the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with
a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.

What happens when students are using the desktop of the new tech?
A:Every student has an individual tabletop.
B:The multi-touch function stimulates students.
C:The software installed automatically identifies different users.
D:Students use different tools to interact with each other.

参考答案

参考解析
解析:由第一段第三句可知D项说反了,实际上公共教育系统下,老师的教学进度是适应学 得最慢的学生的。
由第二段最后一句“...giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving for- ward.(······给予老师更好的工具,老师们可以利用这些工具对需要额外指导的学生进行微观 处理,而班上的其他同学可以继续向前学。)”可知答案,C项是该含义的同义表述。mi- cromanage意为“微观处理,微观管理”。
由第三段第二句话“...these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that allow...(这些新的触屏桌面提高了流畅性和灵活性——允许学 生······的批判性思维技巧)”可知答案。
由最后一段第二句“ Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop(下一代的课堂中,学生们可以通过同一个桌面一起学习)”可排除A项。由最后 一段第三句“Known as SynergyNet , the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infra-red spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface,allowing students to access and use tools on the screen...(名为‘协同网络’的软件利用能在红外光谱中观 察的计算机视觉系统来区别表面不同部分的不同触摸,允许学生们访问和使用屏幕上的工 具······)”可知,该软件并不能自动识别不同的使用者,而是借助于计算机视觉系统,故排除C; 文中只是说学生可以使用屏幕上的工具,并没说是不同的工具,故排除D。所以选B,这也可通过结合第三段第二句“…these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一thecritical thinking skills that allow…(这些新的触屏桌面提高了流畅性和灵活性——允许学 生······的批判性思维技巧)”和第四段第一句“One reason for this, the researchers say, is themulti-touch aspect of the technology.(其中一个原因,研究者称,就是该技术的多点可触性。)”得出。
由最后一段第二句“Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at thesame tabletop(下一代的课堂中,学生们可以通过同一个桌面一起学习)”可知答案。
更多 “共用题干 第二篇Students Learn Better with Touchscreen DesksObserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world,and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal.Technology moves faster than the education system.Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And一particularly in the United States一 school children as a group don't care much for,or excel(擅长)at,mathemnatics. So it's heartening to learn that a new kind of"classroom of the future"shows promise at easing some of these problems,starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture:the desk.A UK study involving roughly 400 students,mostly aged 8一10 years,and a new generation of multis-touch,multi-user,computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students'math skills compared with peers learning the same material via the con- ventional paper-and-pencil method.How?Through collaboration,mostly,as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy(效力)at increasing students'fluency in mathe- matics,essentially through memorization and practice一dull,repetitive practice.But the researchers have con-cluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that al- low students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices,but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.One reason for this,the researchers say,is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop,each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group.Known as SynergyNet,the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared(红外线的)spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen,move objects and visual aids around on their desk- tops,and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens.By using these screens collaboratively,the researchers say,the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.What happens when students are using the desktop of the new tech?A:Every student has an individual tabletop.B:The multi-touch function stimulates students.C:The software installed automatically identifies different users.D:Students use different tools to interact with each other.” 相关考题
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考题 共用题干 第三篇Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art,dance and music,according to research released today.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity,the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype,the U.S. study says.Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness,rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".The report,presented at a conference of the International Boys' Schools Coalition in London attended by the heads of private and state schools,goes against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.The headmaster of Eton,Tony Little,warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls.He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls,despite the fact that girls"turn on the waterworks".The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become demoralised when their female counterparts do better earlier in verbal skills and reading,because the left side of the brain develops faster in girls.They also felt they had to be"cool"rather than studious. But in single-sex schools teachers are able to tailor lessons to boys' learning style,letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom,wrote the study's author,education expert Abigail James,of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically"boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because,the researchers say,boys generally have better spatial skills,more acute vision,learn best through touch,are more impulsive and more physically active,they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around." Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes,"James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype gained from the media by girls that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "in the present sexualised atmosphere prevalent in mnixed schools,boys feel coerced into acting like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,"the report said.It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys__________.A:perform relatively betterB:grow up more healthilyC:behave more responsiblyD:receive a better education

考题 共用题干 第三篇Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art,dance and music,according to research released today.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity,the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype,the U.S. study says.Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness,rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".The report,presented at a conference of the International Boys' Schools Coalition in London attended by the heads of private and state schools,goes against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.The headmaster of Eton,Tony Little,warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls.He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls,despite the fact that girls"turn on the waterworks".The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become demoralised when their female counterparts do better earlier in verbal skills and reading,because the left side of the brain develops faster in girls.They also felt they had to be"cool"rather than studious. But in single-sex schools teachers are able to tailor lessons to boys' learning style,letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom,wrote the study's author,education expert Abigail James,of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically"boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because,the researchers say,boys generally have better spatial skills,more acute vision,learn best through touch,are more impulsive and more physically active,they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around." Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes,"James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype gained from the media by girls that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "in the present sexualised atmosphere prevalent in mnixed schools,boys feel coerced into acting like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,"the report said.What does Tony Little say about the British education system?A:It fails more boys than girls academically.B:It focuses more on mixed school education.C:It fails to give boys the attention they need.D:It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

考题 共用题干 第一篇Rising College SelectivityRising college selectivity doesn't mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past.It's a function of excess demand for higher education,occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry.The recession has only increased demand.The vast majority of students aren't going to college because of a thirst for knowledge.They're there because they need a job,and they need to get the credentials(证书)and one hopes, the knowledge and skills behind the credentials一that will get them into the labor market.As higher education has become a seller's market,the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally:raising their tuitions and their admissions requirements,but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment.The result is that the United States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent.The increasing stratification(阶层化)of higher education is happening on the spending side, as well.As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable,the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do so.Gaps be-tween rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores.While spending is a poor measure of educational quality,we can't seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we're not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding.That said,the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective.The problem is on the public policy side.The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment.It's the right goal,we just need a financing strategy to get there.That doesn't mean just more money,although some more money will be needed.It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency,and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment.We know how to do it,if we want to.What does the author think should be modified?A:The selectivity of elite institutions.B:The industrialization of education.C:The goal of education attainment.D:The government's funding strategy.

考题 共用题干 第二篇Students Learn Better with Touchscreen DesksObserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world,and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal.Technology moves faster than the education system.Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And一particularly in the United States一 school children as a group don't care much for,or excel(擅长)at,mathemnatics. So it's heartening to learn that a new kind of"classroom of the future"shows promise at easing some of these problems,starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture:the desk.A UK study involving roughly 400 students,mostly aged 8一10 years,and a new generation of multis-touch,multi-user,computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students'math skills compared with peers learning the same material via the con- ventional paper-and-pencil method.How?Through collaboration,mostly,as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy(效力)at increasing students'fluency in mathe- matics,essentially through memorization and practice一dull,repetitive practice.But the researchers have con-cluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that al- low students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices,but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.One reason for this,the researchers say,is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop,each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group.Known as SynergyNet,the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared(红外线的)spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen,move objects and visual aids around on their desk- tops,and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens.By using these screens collaboratively,the researchers say,the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.What is the benefit students get from the new tech?A:It makes them more fluent in public speech.B:It enables them to develop critical thinking ability.C:It offers them more flexibility in choosing courses.D:It is effective in helping them solve physical problems.

考题 共用题干 第二篇Students Learn Better with Touchscreen DesksObserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world,and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal.Technology moves faster than the education system.Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And一particularly in the United States一 school children as a group don't care much for,or excel(擅长)at,mathemnatics. So it's heartening to learn that a new kind of"classroom of the future"shows promise at easing some of these problems,starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture:the desk.A UK study involving roughly 400 students,mostly aged 8一10 years,and a new generation of multis-touch,multi-user,computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students'math skills compared with peers learning the same material via the con- ventional paper-and-pencil method.How?Through collaboration,mostly,as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy(效力)at increasing students'fluency in mathe- matics,essentially through memorization and practice一dull,repetitive practice.But the researchers have con-cluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that al- low students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices,but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.One reason for this,the researchers say,is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop,each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group.Known as SynergyNet,the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared(红外线的)spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen,move objects and visual aids around on their desk- tops,and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens.By using these screens collaboratively,the researchers say,the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.What has been found after the new tech is employed?A:Students become less active in learning mathematics.B:Students show preference to the conventional paper-and-pencil method.C:Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in need.D:The gap between slow learners and fast learners gets more noticeable.

考题 共用题干 第一篇Rising College SelectivityRising college selectivity doesn't mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past.It's a function of excess demand for higher education,occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry.The recession has only increased demand.The vast majority of students aren't going to college because of a thirst for knowledge.They're there because they need a job,and they need to get the credentials(证书)and one hopes, the knowledge and skills behind the credentials一that will get them into the labor market.As higher education has become a seller's market,the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally:raising their tuitions and their admissions requirements,but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment.The result is that the United States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent.The increasing stratification(阶层化)of higher education is happening on the spending side, as well.As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable,the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do so.Gaps be-tween rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores.While spending is a poor measure of educational quality,we can't seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we're not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding.That said,the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective.The problem is on the public policy side.The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment.It's the right goal,we just need a financing strategy to get there.That doesn't mean just more money,although some more money will be needed.It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency,and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment.We know how to do it,if we want to.Since higher education has become a seller's market,the national goal to increase college attainment________.A:will be fulfilled in a short timeB:will be difficult to achieveC:will draw more public concernD:will demand more financial input

考题 共用题干 第一篇Rising College SelectivityRising college selectivity doesn't mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past.It's a function of excess demand for higher education,occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry.The recession has only increased demand.The vast majority of students aren't going to college because of a thirst for knowledge.They're there because they need a job,and they need to get the credentials(证书)and one hopes, the knowledge and skills behind the credentials一that will get them into the labor market.As higher education has become a seller's market,the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally:raising their tuitions and their admissions requirements,but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment.The result is that the United States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent.The increasing stratification(阶层化)of higher education is happening on the spending side, as well.As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable,the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do so.Gaps be-tween rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores.While spending is a poor measure of educational quality,we can't seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we're not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding.That said,the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective.The problem is on the public policy side.The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment.It's the right goal,we just need a financing strategy to get there.That doesn't mean just more money,although some more money will be needed.It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency,and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment.We know how to do it,if we want to.The demand for higher education has increased because________.A:the number of students keeps growingB:there is a boost in the labor marketC:of the rising college selectivityD:of the economic depression

考题 共用题干 第二篇Students Learn Better with Touchscreen DesksObserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world,and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal.Technology moves faster than the education system.Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And一particularly in the United States一 school children as a group don't care much for,or excel(擅长)at,mathemnatics. So it's heartening to learn that a new kind of"classroom of the future"shows promise at easing some of these problems,starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture:the desk.A UK study involving roughly 400 students,mostly aged 8一10 years,and a new generation of multis-touch,multi-user,computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students'math skills compared with peers learning the same material via the con- ventional paper-and-pencil method.How?Through collaboration,mostly,as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy(效力)at increasing students'fluency in mathe- matics,essentially through memorization and practice一dull,repetitive practice.But the researchers have con-cluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that al- low students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices,but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.One reason for this,the researchers say,is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop,each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group.Known as SynergyNet,the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared(红外线的)spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen,move objects and visual aids around on their desk- tops,and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens.By using these screens collaboratively,the researchers say,the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.How does the new tech work to improve students'mathematical learning?A:It helps fast learners to learn faster.B:It enables them to work together.C:It makes teachers'instruction unnecessary.D:It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.

考题 共用题干 第二篇Students Learn Better with Touchscreen DesksObserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world,and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal.Technology moves faster than the education system.Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And一particularly in the United States一 school children as a group don't care much for,or excel(擅长)at,mathemnatics. So it's heartening to learn that a new kind of"classroom of the future"shows promise at easing some of these problems,starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture:the desk.A UK study involving roughly 400 students,mostly aged 8一10 years,and a new generation of multis-touch,multi-user,computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students'math skills compared with peers learning the same material via the con- ventional paper-and-pencil method.How?Through collaboration,mostly,as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy(效力)at increasing students'fluency in mathe- matics,essentially through memorization and practice一dull,repetitive practice.But the researchers have con-cluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that al- low students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices,but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.One reason for this,the researchers say,is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop,each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group.Known as SynergyNet,the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared(红外线的)spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen,move objects and visual aids around on their desk- tops,and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens.By using these screens collaboratively,the researchers say,the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system?A:It does not catch up with the development of technology.B:Some similar complaints about it are heard in different countries.C:Many students are not good at learning mathematics.D:Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.

考题 共用题干 Charter SchoolsAmerican public education has changed in recent years.One change is that increasing numbers of American parents and teachers are starting independent public schools _______(1)charter schools(特许学校).In 1991,there were no charter schools in the United States.Today,more than 2,300 charter schools_________(2)in 34 states and the District of Columbia.575,000 students___________(3)these schools.The students are from 5 years of age through 18 or older.A charter school is_________(4)by groups of parents,teachers and community (社区)members. It is similar in some ways__________(5) a traditional public school. It receives tax money to operate just as other public schools do.The_________(6)it receives depends on the number of students.The charter school must prove to local orstate governments that its students are learning.These governments____________(7)the school with the agreement,or charter that permits it to operate.Unlike a traditional public school,__________(8),the charter school does not have to obey most laws governing public schools.Local,state or federal governments cannot tellit what to________(9).Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to___________ (10)those goals.Class sizes usually are smaller than in many traditional public schools.Many students and parents say _________(11)in charter schools can be morecreative.However,state education agencies,local education-governing committees and unionsoften_________(12)charter schools.They say these schools may receive moneybadly__________(13)by traditional public schools.Experts say some charter schools are doing well while others are struggling.Congress provided 200 million dollars for________(14)charter schools in the 2002 federal budget(预算).But,often the schools say they lack enough money for their _________(15).Many also lack needed space._________(4) A:taught B:held C:created D:understood

考题 单选题When the author uses the automobile industry as an example, she argues that ______.A Japan’s auto industry is exceeding America’s auto industryB the public schooling has stagnated because of competitionC the current American education system is better than the Japanese oneD competition must be introduced into the public education system

考题 问答题Globalization for Change in Higher Education  What is globalization and how does it affect higher education policy and academic institutions? The answer is deceivingly simple and the implications are surprisingly complex. For higher education, globalization implies the social, economic, and technological forces that shape the realities of the 21st century. These elements include advanced information technology, new ways of thinking about financing higher education and a concomitant acceptance of market forces and commercialization, unprecedented mobility for students and professors, and other developments. Significantly, the idea of mass access to higher education has meant unprecedented expansion of higher education everywhere—there are about 134 million students in postsecondary education worldwide, and many countries have seen unprecedented and sustained expansion in the past several decades. These global trends are for the most part inevitable. Nations, and academic institutions, must constructively cope with the implications.  MassificationMassification is without question the most ubiquitous global influence of the past half century or more. The United States had the first mass higher education system, beginning as early as the1920s. Europe followed in the 1960s, and parts of Asia a decade or so later. The developing countries were the last to expand. Most of the growth of the 21st century is taking place in developing and middle-income countries. North America, Europe, and a number of Pacific Rim nations now enroll 60 percent or more of the relevant age group6 in higher education. What has massification brought?  Public good vs. private good.Stimulated in part by the financial pressures of massification and also by broader changes in economic thinking, including the neoliberal agenda, higher education is increasingly considered in economic terms a private good—a benefit accruing mainly to individuals who should pay for it rather than a public good that contributes benefits to society and thus should be financially supported by the state.Varied funding patterns.For most countries, the state has traditionally been the main funder of higher education. Massification has placed great strains on state funding, and in all cases governments no longer believe they can adequately fund mass higher education. Other sources of funding need to be found—including student tuition and fees (typically the largest source), a variety of government-sponsored and private loan programs, university income generating programs (such as industry collaboration or consulting), and philanthropic support.Decline in quality vs. conditions of study. On average in most countries, the quality of higher education has declined. In a mass system, top quality cannot be provided to all students. 11 It is not affordable, and the ability levels of both students and professors necessarily become more diverse. University study and teaching are no longer a preserve for the elite—both in terms of ability and wealth. While the top of a diversified academic system may maintain its quality12 (although in some countries the top sector has also suffered), the system as a whole declines.  Globalization of the Academic MarketplaceMore than 2 million students are studying abroad, and it is estimated that this number will increase to 8 million in a few years. Many others are enrolled in branch campuses and twinning programs, There are many thousands of visiting scholars and postdocs studying internationally. Most significantly, there is a global circulation of academics. Ease of transportation, IT, the use of English, and the globalization of the curriculum have tremendously increased the international circulation of academic talent. Flows of students and scholars move largely from South to North—from the developing countries to North America and Europe. And while the “brain drain” of the past has become more of a “brain exchange”, with flows of both people and knowledge back and forth across borders and among societies, the great advantage still accrues to the traditional academic centers at the expense of the peripheries. Even China, and to some extent India, with both large and increasingly sophisticated academic systems, find themselves at a significant disadvantage in the global academic marketplace. For much of Africa, the traditional brain drain remains largely a reality.

考题 单选题An increasing number of students are coming to realize that an education at a public university can be as good, if not better, than an elite private college.A as good, if not better, than an elite private collegeB as good, if not better, as one at an elite private collegeC as good as, if not better, than an elite private college educationD as good an education as, if not better, than one at an elite private collegeE as good as, if not better than, one at an elite private college

考题 问答题People with less education, for instance were more likely to report education regret.

考题 单选题What do Americans think the relationship between their children and the future of the America is?A Their future rests on how their children become.B Their children can’t shape their future because they can’t affect their children’s development through education.C If the children turn out to be useless, they won’t have any better future than the Soviet Union.D The changes in education aim to make the American children better prepared for the new world order.

考题 单选题What is the author’s argument in this essay?A Educators who advocate a rounded-education should be supported.B It is natural for science students to learn less liberal arts.C Science students ought to have enough knowledge about society.D Technical training must be reinforced in science education.

考题 单选题Which of the following statements is TRUE?A The less education he or she has, the more regrets she or he would have.B The more education he or she has, the less regrets she or he would have.C More women than men had regrets about love and family.D The regret of action seems to last longer than that of inaction.

考题 单选题The reason why man differs from the animals is that _____.A man has education but animal notB man is higher animal than any othersC man is more susceptible to the environment than animalsD after education, man will change permanently in the habits of behavior, thought and attitude