共用题干 1.Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men,while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel,US researchers reported on Saturday in the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine.2.The studies reflect doctors' efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help.Americans spend between￥36 billion and￥47 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies,according to the National Center for Health Statistics."Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm,"said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.3.In the flaxseed study,researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed's role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer."The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,"said Dr. Nancy Davidson,an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO."I think this is fascinating."Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids-and lignins,a fiber found on the seed coat."We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,"said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried,a researcher in Duke's School of Nursing,who led the study.4.Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of fiaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days.Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet.After the surgery,the researchers looked at the men's tumor cells to see how quickly the cancer had multiplied.The cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.5.But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed."It's a healthy food.It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we cannot definitively say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,"she said,adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.6.In the ginseng trial,Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,Minnesota,and col-leagues tested three different doses of the herb on potency with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were"moderately better" or"much better."Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group.Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency.It was powdered and given in a capsule form."I wouldn't have predicted this,I have to admit,"Davidson said in an interview,"we might want to test this on a large scale."7.The flaxseed study was funded by the National institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show_________.A:that led the researchers in Duke's School of Nursing to study itB:by giving different doses of the herb to patientsC:whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or notD:though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicinesE:that either of them is beneficial to cancer patientsF: because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer

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共用题干
1.Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men,while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel,US researchers reported on Saturday in the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine.
2.The studies reflect doctors' efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help.Americans spend between￥36 billion and￥47 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies,according to the National Center for Health Statistics."Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm,"said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
3.In the flaxseed study,researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed's role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer."The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,"said Dr. Nancy Davidson,an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO."I think this is fascinating."Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids-and lignins,a fiber found on the seed coat."We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,"said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried,a researcher in Duke's School of Nursing,who led the study.
4.Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of fiaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days.Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet.After the surgery,the researchers looked at the men's tumor cells to see how quickly the cancer had multiplied.The cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.
5.But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed."It's a healthy food.It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we cannot definitively say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,"she said,adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.
6.In the ginseng trial,Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,Minnesota,and col-leagues tested three different doses of the herb on potency with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were"moderately better" or"much better."Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group.Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency.It was powdered and given in a capsule form."I wouldn't have predicted this,I have to admit,"Davidson said in an interview,"we might want to test this on a large scale."
7.The flaxseed study was funded by the National institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.

Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show_________.
A:that led the researchers in Duke's School of Nursing to study it
B:by giving different doses of the herb to patients
C:whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or not
D:though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicines
E:that either of them is beneficial to cancer patients
F: because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer

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参考解析

解析：文章第二段主要向读者交代了进行两项研究的原因。文中提到医生们认为“患者服用这些化合物，但我们需要知道它们是否有任何好处或伤害”，因此是医生的责任促使他们要搞清楚这些东西对人体的作用。选项C是正确的。
文章第四段描述了亚麻籽研究的结果。因此选项E是正确的。
文章第五段讲到Demark-Wahnefrje博士不准备给病人开出亚麻籽处方，并解释了原因。因此选项F是正确的。
文章第六段详细介绍了人参组研究的过程和结果，但是并没有比较人参与亚麻籽对癌症患者效果的不同，因此排除选项D，选项B是正确的。
文章第二段提到Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm.因此选项C是最合适的。
文章第四段和第六段对亚麻籽和人参的研究告诉我们，虽然还不确定亚麻籽是否能防癌，但是这两种东西确实是对癌症患者有益的。因此选项F是正确的。
文章第三段提到“We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile"，意思是“我们关注亚麻籽是由于其独特的营养成分”。因此选项A是正确的。
文章第六段第一句提到“明尼苏达州罗切斯特镇梅奥诊所的黛布拉·巴顿和同事们测试了三种不同剂量草药对预期寿命至少六个月的各类癌症患者的效力”，因此选项B是正确的。

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考题共用题干 Promising Resnlts from Cancer StudyA new experimental vaccine（疫苗）has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer.In a small Texas-based study,a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty一three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in tho advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months,and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.It stimulates（刺激）the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful,and attacks and destroys them.The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.All the patients were from Dallas.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干 1.Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men,while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel,US researchers reported on Saturday in the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine.2.The studies reflect doctors' efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help.Americans spend between￥36 billion and￥47 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies,according to the National Center for Health Statistics."Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm,"said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.3.In the flaxseed study,researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed's role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer."The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,"said Dr. Nancy Davidson,an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO."I think this is fascinating."Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids-and lignins,a fiber found on the seed coat."We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,"said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried,a researcher in Duke's School of Nursing,who led the study.4.Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of fiaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days.Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet.After the surgery,the researchers looked at the men's tumor cells to see how quickly the cancer had multiplied.The cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.5.But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed."It's a healthy food.It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we cannot definitively say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,"she said,adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.6.In the ginseng trial,Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,Minnesota,and col-leagues tested three different doses of the herb on potency with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were"moderately better" or"much better."Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group.Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency.It was powdered and given in a capsule form."I wouldn't have predicted this,I have to admit,"Davidson said in an interview,"we might want to test this on a large scale."7.The flaxseed study was funded by the National institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.Paragraph 2__________A:The Motivation of Flaxseed StudyB:The Study on Ginseng Displays Its Good PromiseC:The Doctors' Responsibility Led Them to Carry Out These Two StudiesD:Ginseng Is As Good to Cancer Patients As Flax-seedE:The Methods and Results of the Study on Flax-seedF: A Different Opinion on the Use of Flax-seed

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考题共用题干 1.Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men,while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel,US researchers reported on Saturday in the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine.2.The studies reflect doctors' efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help.Americans spend between￥36 billion and￥47 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies,according to the National Center for Health Statistics."Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm,"said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.3.In the flaxseed study,researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed's role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer."The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,"said Dr. Nancy Davidson,an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO."I think this is fascinating."Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids-and lignins,a fiber found on the seed coat."We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,"said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried,a researcher in Duke's School of Nursing,who led the study.4.Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of fiaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days.Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet.After the surgery,the researchers looked at the men's tumor cells to see how quickly the cancer had multiplied.The cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.5.But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed."It's a healthy food.It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we cannot definitively say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,"she said,adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.6.In the ginseng trial,Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,Minnesota,and col-leagues tested three different doses of the herb on potency with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were"moderately better" or"much better."Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group.Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency.It was powdered and given in a capsule form."I wouldn't have predicted this,I have to admit,"Davidson said in an interview,"we might want to test this on a large scale."7.The flaxseed study was funded by the National institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.In the ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng_________.A:that led the researchers in Duke's School of Nursing to study itB:by giving different doses of the herb to patientsC:whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or notD:though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicinesE:that either of them is beneficial to cancer patientsF: because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer

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考题共用题干 1.Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men,while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel,US researchers reported on Saturday in the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine.2.The studies reflect doctors' efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help.Americans spend between￥36 billion and￥47 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies,according to the National Center for Health Statistics."Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm,"said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.3.In the flaxseed study,researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed's role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer."The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,"said Dr. Nancy Davidson,an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO."I think this is fascinating."Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids-and lignins,a fiber found on the seed coat."We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,"said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried,a researcher in Duke's School of Nursing,who led the study.4.Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of fiaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days.Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet.After the surgery,the researchers looked at the men's tumor cells to see how quickly the cancer had multiplied.The cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.5.But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed."It's a healthy food.It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we cannot definitively say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,"she said,adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.6.In the ginseng trial,Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,Minnesota,and col-leagues tested three different doses of the herb on potency with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were"moderately better" or"much better."Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group.Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency.It was powdered and given in a capsule form."I wouldn't have predicted this,I have to admit,"Davidson said in an interview,"we might want to test this on a large scale."7.The flaxseed study was funded by the National institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.Doctors in the US wanted to know_______.A:that led the researchers in Duke's School of Nursing to study itB:by giving different doses of the herb to patientsC:whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or notD:though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicinesE:that either of them is beneficial to cancer patientsF: because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer

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考题共用题干第二篇CT Scans and Lung CancerSmall or slow-growing nodules（小结节）discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years,researchers reported on Wednesday.The findings,reported in the New England Journal of Medicine,could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive andpotentially harmful testing when lesions（损伤）are found.Lung cancer,the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally,is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths,often discovered by accident,appear in a scan.High-tech（高技术的）X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors一but they see all sorts of other blobs （模糊的一团）that are not tumors , and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy（活检）, a dangerous procedure.At the moment,routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.Good guidelines could help make lung cancer screening practical,Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam,the Netherlands,who led the new study,said in a telephone interview.The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current or former smokers. All received multidetector（多层螺旋）CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking nodules.Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width,or had growth of 4. 6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days,were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer;10 additional cases were found years later.But of the 7 ,361 who tested negative during screening,only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.In a second round of screening done one year after the first,1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer,you probably don't,the re- searchers said."The chances of finding lung cancer one or two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively,"they concluded.The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules__________.A:you cannot be too careful B:cancer is just a matter of timeC:a biopsy is unnecessaryD:more aggressive testing is a must

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考题共用题干 1.Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men,while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel,US researchers reported on Saturday in the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine.2.The studies reflect doctors' efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help.Americans spend between￥36 billion and￥47 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies,according to the National Center for Health Statistics."Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm,"said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.3.In the flaxseed study,researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed's role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer."The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,"said Dr. Nancy Davidson,an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO."I think this is fascinating."Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids-and lignins,a fiber found on the seed coat."We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,"said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried,a researcher in Duke's School of Nursing,who led the study.4.Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of fiaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days.Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet.After the surgery,the researchers looked at the men's tumor cells to see how quickly the cancer had multiplied.The cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.5.But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed."It's a healthy food.It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we cannot definitively say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,"she said,adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.6.In the ginseng trial,Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,Minnesota,and col-leagues tested three different doses of the herb on potency with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were"moderately better" or"much better."Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group.Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency.It was powdered and given in a capsule form."I wouldn't have predicted this,I have to admit,"Davidson said in an interview,"we might want to test this on a large scale."7.The flaxseed study was funded by the National institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed_________.A:that led the researchers in Duke's School of Nursing to study itB:by giving different doses of the herb to patientsC:whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or notD:though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicinesE:that either of them is beneficial to cancer patientsF: because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer

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考题共用题干第二篇CT Scans and Lung CancerSmall or slow-growing nodules（小结节）discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years,researchers reported on Wednesday.The findings,reported in the New England Journal of Medicine,could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive andpotentially harmful testing when lesions（损伤）are found.Lung cancer,the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally,is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths,often discovered by accident,appear in a scan.High-tech（高技术的）X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors一but they see all sorts of other blobs （模糊的一团）that are not tumors , and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy（活检）, a dangerous procedure.At the moment,routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.Good guidelines could help make lung cancer screening practical,Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam,the Netherlands,who led the new study,said in a telephone interview.The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current or former smokers. All received multidetector（多层螺旋）CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking nodules.Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width,or had growth of 4. 6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days,were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer;10 additional cases were found years later.But of the 7 ,361 who tested negative during screening,only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.In a second round of screening done one year after the first,1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer,you probably don't,the re- searchers said."The chances of finding lung cancer one or two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively,"they concluded.All the following statements are true EXCEPT__________.A:a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodulesB:almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancerC:all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancerD:most of the volunteers tested negative during screening

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考题共用题干 Promising Resnlts from Cancer StudyA new experimental vaccine（疫苗）has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer.In a small Texas-based study,a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty一three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in tho advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months,and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.It stimulates（刺激）the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful,and attacks and destroys them.The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干第二篇CT Scans and Lung CancerSmall or slow-growing nodules（小结节）discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years,researchers reported on Wednesday.The findings,reported in the New England Journal of Medicine,could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive andpotentially harmful testing when lesions（损伤）are found.Lung cancer,the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally,is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths,often discovered by accident,appear in a scan.High-tech（高技术的）X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors一but they see all sorts of other blobs （模糊的一团）that are not tumors , and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy（活检）, a dangerous procedure.At the moment,routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.Good guidelines could help make lung cancer screening practical,Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam,the Netherlands,who led the new study,said in a telephone interview.The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current or former smokers. All received multidetector（多层螺旋）CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking nodules.Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width,or had growth of 4. 6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days,were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer;10 additional cases were found years later.But of the 7 ,361 who tested negative during screening,only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.In a second round of screening done one year after the first,1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer,you probably don't,the re- searchers said."The chances of finding lung cancer one or two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively,"they concluded.Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer?A:Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it.B:It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world.C:159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the U.S.each year.D:It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.

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考题共用题干第二篇CT Scans and Lung CancerSmall or slow-growing nodules（小结节）discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years,researchers reported on Wednesday.The findings,reported in the New England Journal of Medicine,could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive andpotentially harmful testing when lesions（损伤）are found.Lung cancer,the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally,is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths,often discovered by accident,appear in a scan.High-tech（高技术的）X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors一but they see all sorts of other blobs （模糊的一团）that are not tumors , and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy（活检）, a dangerous procedure.At the moment,routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.Good guidelines could help make lung cancer screening practical,Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam,the Netherlands,who led the new study,said in a telephone interview.The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current or former smokers. All received multidetector（多层螺旋）CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking nodules.Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width,or had growth of 4. 6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days,were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer;10 additional cases were found years later.But of the 7 ,361 who tested negative during screening,only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.In a second round of screening done one year after the first,1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer,you probably don't,the re- searchers said."The chances of finding lung cancer one or two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively,"they concluded.In the eyes of the researchers,the percentages given in the last paragraph__________.A:are somewhat inaccurateB:are pretty smallC:are rather highD:are quite unbelievable

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考题共用题干 Promising Resnlts from Cancer StudyA new experimental vaccine（疫苗）has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer.In a small Texas-based study,a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty一three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in tho advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months,and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.It stimulates（刺激）the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful,and attacks and destroys them.The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干第三篇Fight against the Side Effects of Cancer TreatmentOnce the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient's cancer,doctors face an even more difficult question:how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment?The issue is a challenge for physicians because,unlike with cancer therapies,there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects一including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue. But addressing these seemingly common complications（并发症）is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle,which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment.That's why Dr. Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors一yoga一to the test.In a paper she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (肿瘤学）(ASCO) annual meeting in June, Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga一a slow-moving form of the discipline一and tested its effect on improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.Called YOCAS,the four-week program involved sessions of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each,in combination with breathing exercises and meditation（冥想）.Among the 410 participants,who were divided into yoga and traditional follow一up care groups,those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga. They also reported better quality of life overall,Mustian says.For cancer physicians,the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients."Many patients ask about complementary (互补的)therapies, whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga," says Dr. Douglas Blayney,medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO."I often don't know what to tell them because there isn't lot of science on these complementary therapies. Here is a scientific study showing benefit,so at least we can have some assurance in telling women that there is a yoga program,here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life."According to Dr. Douglas Blayney,the YOCAS program is________.A:useless B:unscientificC:beneficial D:popular

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考题共用题干第三篇Fight against the Side Effects of Cancer TreatmentOnce the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient's cancer,doctors face an even more difficult question:how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment?The issue is a challenge for physicians because,unlike with cancer therapies,there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects一including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue. But addressing these seemingly common complications（并发症）is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle,which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment.That's why Dr. Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors一yoga一to the test.In a paper she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (肿瘤学）(ASCO) annual meeting in June, Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga一a slow-moving form of the discipline一and tested its effect on improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.Called YOCAS,the four-week program involved sessions of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each,in combination with breathing exercises and meditation（冥想）.Among the 410 participants,who were divided into yoga and traditional follow一up care groups,those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga. They also reported better quality of life overall,Mustian says.For cancer physicians,the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients."Many patients ask about complementary (互补的)therapies, whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga," says Dr. Douglas Blayney,medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO."I often don't know what to tell them because there isn't lot of science on these complementary therapies. Here is a scientific study showing benefit,so at least we can have some assurance in telling women that there is a yoga program,here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life."What does the experiment done by Mustian show?A:Yoga is the most favorite practice among cancer patients.B:Yoga indeed helps to improve the quality of cancer patients' life.C:Yoga is the best way to improve the quality of cancer patients' life.D:Traditional follow-up care couldn't improve cancer patients' sleep quality.

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考题共用题干第三篇Fight against the Side Effects of Cancer TreatmentOnce the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient's cancer,doctors face an even more difficult question:how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment?The issue is a challenge for physicians because,unlike with cancer therapies,there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects一including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue. But addressing these seemingly common complications（并发症）is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle,which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment.That's why Dr. Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors一yoga一to the test.In a paper she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (肿瘤学）(ASCO) annual meeting in June, Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga一a slow-moving form of the discipline一and tested its effect on improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.Called YOCAS,the four-week program involved sessions of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each,in combination with breathing exercises and meditation（冥想）.Among the 410 participants,who were divided into yoga and traditional follow一up care groups,those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga. They also reported better quality of life overall,Mustian says.For cancer physicians,the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients."Many patients ask about complementary (互补的)therapies, whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga," says Dr. Douglas Blayney,medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO."I often don't know what to tell them because there isn't lot of science on these complementary therapies. Here is a scientific study showing benefit,so at least we can have some assurance in telling women that there is a yoga program,here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life."Mustian designed a standardized program________.A:to see whether yoga can reduce side effects of cancer treatmentB:to improve the quality of life for cancer patientsC:to popularize yoga among cancer survivorsD:to present it at the ASCO annual meeting

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考题共用题干 Rise in Number of Cancer SurvivorsCancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States,after heart disease. In the__________(1),it was often considered a death sentence.But many patients now live longer_________(2)of improvements in discovery and treatment.Researchers say death_________(3)in the United States from all cancers combined have fallen for thirty years.Survival rates have increased for most of the top fifteen cancers in both men and women,and for cancers in_________(4).The National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studied the number of cancer survivors.A cancer survivor is defined________(5) anyone who has been found to have cancer. This would include current patients.The study covered the period________(6)1971 to 2001.The researchers found there are three__________(7)as many cancer survivors today as there were thirty years ago.In 1971, the United States had about three million cancer__________(8).Today there are about ten million.The study also found that 64% of adults with cancer can expect to still be_______ (9)in five years,Thirty years ago,the five-year survival rate was 50%.The government wants to________(10)the five-year survival rate to 70% by 2010.The risk of cancer increases with age.The report says the majority of survivors are 65years and ________(11).But it says medical improvements have also helped children with cancer live ________(12)longer.Researchers say 80% of children with cancer will survive at least five years after the discovery.About 75% will survive at________(13)ten years.In the 1970s,the five-year survival rate for children was about 50%.In the 1960s,most children did not survive cancer. Researchers say they ________(14)moreimprovements in cancer treatment in the future.In fact,they say traditional cancer-prevention programs are not enough anymore.They say public health programs should also aim to support the_______(15)numbers of cancer survivors and their families._________(11) A:older B:old C:younger D:young

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考题共用题干第二篇Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer.Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）. Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner.The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Arnersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from biadder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it,Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study,Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney(肾）.Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. The person who had tested healthy before the studyA:dropped out. B:passed away.C:was found to have cancer. D:was found to remain healthy.

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考题共用题干第二篇Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer.Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）. Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner.The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Arnersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from biadder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it,Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study,Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney(肾）.Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. Participants in the experiment wereA:36 bladder cancer patients. B:144 cancer patients.C:1 08 healthy people. D:144 sick and healthy people.

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