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Robots came into the world as a literary device whereby the writers and film-makers of the early 20th centu0'could explore their hopes and fears about technology,as the era of the automobile,telephone and aeroplane picked up its reckless jazz-age speed.From Fritz Lang's Metropolis and Isaac Asimov's l,Robot to WALL-E and the Terrnirator films,and in countless repetitions in between,they have succeeded admirably in their task.41.Since moving from the page and screen lo real life,robots have been a mild disappointment.They do some things that humans cannot do themselves,like exploring Mars,and a host of things people do not much want to do,like dealing with unexploded bombs or vacuuming floors.And they are very useful in bits of manufacturing.But reliable robots-especially ones required to work beyond the safety cages of a factory flom-have proved hard to make,and robots are still pretty stupid.So although they fascinate people,they have not yet made much of a mark on the world 42.That seems about to change.The exponential growth in the power of silicon chips,digital sensors and high-bandwidth communications improves robots just as it improves all sorts of other products.And,as our special report this week explains,three other factors are at play.43.One is that robotics R&D is getting easier.New shared standards make good ideas easily porta-ble from one robot platform to another.And accumulated know-how means that building such plat-forms is Setting a lot cheaper.A robot like Rethink Robotics's Baxter,with two arms and a remarkably easy,inLuiLive proyammrng interface,would have been barely conceivable ten years ago.Now you can buy one for$25,000.44.A second factor is investment.The biggest robot news of 2013 was that Goog1e bought eight promising robot startups.Rich and well led and with access to world-beating expertise in cloud computing and artificial intelligence,both highly relevant,Google's robot programme promises the possibility of something spectacular-though no one outside the company knows what that might be.Amazon,too,is betting on robots,both to automate its warehouses and,more speculaLively,to make deliveries by drone.In South Korea and elsewhere companies are movinS robot technology to new areas of manufacturing and other services.Venture capitalists see a much better chance of a profitable exit from a robotics srartup than they used to.45.The third factor is imagination.In the past few years,clever companies have seen ways to make robots work.Now more people will grasp how a robotic attribute such as high precision or fast reac-tions or independent locomotion can be integrated into a profitable business;eventually some of them will build mass markets.Aerial robots-drones-may be in the vanguarcl here.They willlet farmers tend their crops in new ways,give citizens,journalists and broadcasters new perspectives on events big and small,monitor traffic and fires,look for infrastniccure in need of repair and much more besides.41选？
A.Robots Come from Lhe Movies.
B.Development of Robots Is Fast.
C.Google Enters the Robot Industry.
D.Robots Today Are Not Impressive EnouS;h.
B.Development of Robots Is Fast.
C.Google Enters the Robot Industry.
D.Robots Today Are Not Impressive EnouS;h.
参考答案
参考解析
解析：本段主旨出现在首句Since moving from the page and screen toreal life，robots have been a mild disappointment.“从书本和屏幕里到现实生活中，机器人不免有点令人失望。”本段最后一句再次指出：So although they fascinate people，they have not yet made much of a mark on the world．“尽管人们喜爱机器人，但是它们还未在世界上留下很多印迹。”而倒数第二句还提到：robots are slill pretty slupid“机器人还不够智能”，所有这些都在告诉我们该段大意：如今的机器人还不够先进。只有[D]项Robots Today Are Nol Impressive Enough“如今的机器人还不够令人印象深刻”与之相符，故本题答案为[D]。
更多 “Robots came into the world as a literary device whereby the writers and film-makers of the early 20th centu0'could explore their hopes and fears about technology,as the era of the automobile,telephone and aeroplane picked up its reckless jazz-age speed.From Fritz Lang's Metropolis and Isaac Asimov's l,Robot to WALL-E and the Terrnirator films,and in countless repetitions in between,they have succeeded admirably in their task.41.Since moving from the page and screen lo real life,robots have been a mild disappointment.They do some things that humans cannot do themselves,like exploring Mars,and a host of things people do not much want to do,like dealing with unexploded bombs or vacuuming floors.And they are very useful in bits of manufacturing.But reliable robots-especially ones required to work beyond the safety cages of a factory flom-have proved hard to make,and robots are still pretty stupid.So although they fascinate people,they have not yet made much of a mark on the world 42.That seems about to change.The exponential growth in the power of silicon chips,digital sensors and high-bandwidth communications improves robots just as it improves all sorts of other products.And,as our special report this week explains,three other factors are at play.43.One is that robotics Reventually some of them will build mass markets.Aerial robots-drones-may be in the vanguarcl here.They willlet farmers tend their crops in new ways,give citizens,journalists and broadcasters new perspectives on events big and small,monitor traffic and fires,look for infrastniccure in need of repair and much more besides.41选？A.Robots Come from Lhe Movies. B.Development of Robots Is Fast. C.Google Enters the Robot Industry. D.Robots Today Are Not Impressive EnouS;h.” 相关考题
考题
ALIBABA SEEKS TO RAISE BILLIONS IN IPO Investors in the United States are preparing for the first public sale of stock in the Chinese company Alibaba. The company sells goods________ linking buyers and sellers in the huge Chinese online market. Alibaba is expected to ________ its initial public offering, called an IPO, in September on the New York Stock Exchange. The total value of the company, based in Hangzhou, has been estimated at about $200 billion. Reports from Bloomberg News say Alibaba is offering investors a 12 percent ________ of the company. That would mean the company could raise ________ $20 billion dollars in the public stock sale. After the IPO, Alibaba could become one of the most ________ technology companies in the world. Apple, for example, has a market value of about $600 billion. Google is valued at about $390 billion and Microsoft is worth about $370 billion.
考题
Their present status of middleclassdom came_____.(She Is an Unwilling Tool of Middleclassdom)
A. about 12 years agoB. within the last ten yearsC. in the early 70sD. before inflation hit
考题
Interviewer-------- Why is English so important?David------- Well, English is so important primarily because so many people speak it and use it, so it has now become the lingua franca in the world in a way that we’ve never seen before. We’ve never had a world language of this kind before. So people are learning it not just to be able tocommunicate with native speakers, but also with speakers of other language around world.Interviewer-------And why has it become that dominant language?David------I think the reason for that is actually very complicated, although in the twentieth century, we can just see that it’s the rise of the US military and consumer power. I mean the technology, all the big developments in technology largely came from the US. So all of these developments actually were produced within the English language, and people had to learn English in order to understand them, or to benefit from them. The Internet is only one example of that kind. Once a language has got into that position of dominance, it’s actually very different to shift it. So we could be seeing the emergence of other big languages in the world becoming more important than they have been, like Spanish, but it’s unlikely that they’re going to shift the English from its position of dominance.36. English is important, according to David, __________________________. A). because it has become a world language B). because so many people speak and use it C). because a lot of people are learning it D). because it is the lingua franca37. English has become the dominant language in the world________________________. A). because it has always been the way B). for a reason that is very complicated C). only in the 20th century D). for no reasons38. English became the dominant language in the 20th century_________________________. A). in the USAB). because of the increase in American consumer powerC). because developments in technology came mainly from USA. D). all over the world.39. People had to learn English______________________.A). because developments in technology were made by English speakers B). because they needed to understand the new developments in technology C). to use the InternetD). to speak with native Americans40. David thinks that__________________________.A). it will be easy for another language to become dominant B). English will not always be the dominant languageC). it will not be easy for another language to become dominant D). English will be the dominant language
考题
The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about .A. Zelda’s personal lifeB. Zelda’s illness and treatmentC. Fitzgerald’s friendship with GrahamD. Fitzgerald’s contributions to the literary world
考题
What can we infer from the underlineed sentence in Paragraph 3?A.People are fra less familiar with the world of fantasy.B.The world around us could serve as a sound of wonder.C.The world of fantasy can be mirred by a small and lively pond.D.Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.
考题
What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?A．people are far less familiar witn the world of fantasyB．the world around us could serve as a source of wonderC．the world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.D．Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder
考题
There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization. However, all new technologies have their teething problems, And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology ---with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realizing it,or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.
So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad.all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology.it is how you use it that’s important.So let’s look at some of its possible uses.
Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of traveling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power .The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
The underlined word”pliable”(line, Para.4) can be replaced by_.A. durable
B. straight
C. bent
D. unbreakable
考题
There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization. However, all new technologies have their teething problems, And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology ---with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realizing it,or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.
So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad.all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology.it is how you use it that’s important.So let’s look at some of its possible uses.
Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of traveling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power .The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
In the author’s opinion, research into nanotechnology probably means that it_A. has yet to win popular support
B. ought to be continued
C. could be seen as unethical
D. can replicate people completely
考题
There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization. However, all new technologies have their teething problems, And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology ---with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realizing it,or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.
So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad.all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology.it is how you use it that’s important.So let’s look at some of its possible uses.
Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of traveling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power .The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
In this passage the author tells us that one problem with nanotech is that___A. it could threaten our way of life
B. It is misunderstood by the public
C. It could be used to spy on people
D. We only see nanotechology in some books and movies
考题
There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization. However, all new technologies have their teething problems, And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology ---with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realizing it,or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.
So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad.all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology.it is how you use it that’s important.So let’s look at some of its possible uses.
Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of traveling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power .The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
It can be deduced from the passage that___A. the use of Nanotcech could eventually take over the world
B. Nanotech has few implications affecting us in many ways
C. it is too expensive to make solar energy
D. it is possible users are very helpful and beneficial to humans
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.A:RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Snake robots could move in only four directions.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Choset began to build robots in high school.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, backward , left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Choset says. The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
考题
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared． In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered．Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. "So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are."
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored． Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.
Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote.
Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized． Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A.It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.
B.It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
C.Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.
D.Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
考题
What can be inferred about John Gilliam from his review? （ ）A.He specializes in articles focusing on history
B.He agrees with the ideas presented in the book
C.He hopes technology will become less important to business
D.He is training to work in corporate mergers
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Robots May Allow Surgery in SpaceSmall robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on Earth to help perlorm surgery on patients in space.The tiny,wheeled robots,_________(1)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions（切口）and computer-controlled by surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped_________(2)cameras and lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached thatcan be_________(3)remotely."We think this is going to_________(4)open surgery,"Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said at a news conference.Oleynikov is a_________(5)in computer-assisted surgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.Officials hope that NASA will teach_________(6)to use the robots soon enough so that surgeries could one day be performed in space.On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves_________(7)other locations.For example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to_________ (8)on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory_________(9)early next year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on humans in England will begin very soon.The camera-carrying robots can provide_________(10)of affected areas and the ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver（操控）inside the body in ways surgeons' hands can't.The views from the camera-carrying robots are_________(11)than the naked eye,because they_________(12)back color images that are magnified（放大）. Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount and_________(13)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time. This is particularly_________( 14) to those patients who have been debilitated（使虚弱） by long illness.Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever _________(15)their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices."_________(6)A:astronauts B:nurses C:teachers D:trainers
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The Beginning of American Literature America has always been a land of beginnings.After Europeans"discovered"America in the fifteenth century,the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life,an escape from poverty and persecution,a chance to start again.We can say that,as a nation,America begins with that hope.When,however,does American literature begin? American literature begins with American experiences.Long before the first colonists arrived,before Christopher Columbus,before the Northmen who"found"America about the year 1000,native Americans lived here.Each tribe's literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of linking with the land.Another kind of experience,one filled with fear and excitement,found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home in Spain, French and English.In addition,the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilder- ness tell unforgettable tales of hard and sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years. Experience,then, is the key to early American literature.The New World provided a great variety of experiences,and these experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers.These writers included John Smith,who spent only two-and-a-half year on the American continent.They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd,who thought of themselves as British subjects,never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own.American Indians,explorers,Puritan ministers,frontier wives,plantation owners-they are all the creators of the first American literature.According to the last paragraph,which of the following statements is true about American literature?A:Some British writers started American literature.B:Early-day American literature is a reflection of the boring life then.C:Some British writers had'doubts about the future of American literature.D:Some British writers had great confidence in the future of American literature.
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Seeing the World Centuries AgoIf you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor,it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history.Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audi-ences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.One of the earliest travel writers,a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo,lived around the time of Christ.Though Strabo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Sea west to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia,he also used details gleaned from other writers to extend and enliven his accounts.His multivolumed work Geography provides the only sur-viving account of the cities,peoples,customs,and geographical peculiarities of the whole known world of his time.Two other classic travel writers,the Italian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah, lived in roughly the same time period.Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about A.D.1275 and remained there 16 or 17 years,visiting several other countries during his travels.When Marco returned to Italy he dictated his memoirs,including stories he had heard from others,to a scribe,with the resulting book Ⅱ milione being an instant success.Though difficult to attest to the accuracy of all he says,Marco's book impelled Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration.Ibn Battutah's interest in travel began on his required Muslim journey to Mecca in 1325, and during his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway.His travel book the Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys,court intrigues,and even the effect of the Back Death in the various lands he visited.In almost 30 years of traveling it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more than 75,000 miles.This passage is mostly about______.A:why people find travel writing excitingB:the literary style of three early travel writersC:where three early travel writers went and wrote aboutD:how to write a travel book
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The Beginning of American Literature
America has always been a land of beginnings.After EuropeansdiscoveredAmerica in the fifteenth
century,the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life,an escape from
poverty and persecution,a chance to start again.We can say that,as a nation,America begins with that
hope.When,however,does American literature begin?
American literature begins with Amnerican experiences.Long before the first colonists arrived,before
Christopher Columbus，before the Northmen whofoundAmerica about the year 1000,Native Americans
lived here. Each trilbes literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daiiy life and reflected the unmistakably
American experience of lining with the land。Anoiher kind of experience,one filled with fear and excite-
ment,found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home in Spain,French and
English.In addition,the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilderness tell
unforgettable tales of hard and sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years.
Experience,then,is the key to early American literature.The New World provided a great variety of
experiences,and these experiences deniauded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early
American writers.These wnters included John Smith,who spent only two-and-a-half year on the American
continent.They included Jonathlan Edwards and William Byrd,who thought of themselves as British sub-
jects,never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own.
American Indians,explorers,Puritan ministers,frontier wives,plantation owners一they are all the creators
of the first American literature.According to the last paragraph,which of the following statements is true about American literature?A:Some British writers started American literature.B:Early-day American literature is a reflection of the boring life then.C:Some British writers had doubts about the future of American literature.D:Some British writers had great confidence in the future of American literature.
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The Beginning of American Literature America has always been a land of beginnings.After Europeans"discovered"America in the fifteenth century,the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life,an escape from poverty and persecution,a chance to start again.We can say that,as a nation,America begins with that hope.When,however,does American literature begin? American literature begins with American experiences.Long before the first colonists arrived,before Christopher Columbus,before the Northmen who"found"America about the year 1000,native Americans lived here.Each tribe's literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of linking with the land.Another kind of experience,one filled with fear and excitement,found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home in Spain, French and English.In addition,the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilder- ness tell unforgettable tales of hard and sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years. Experience,then, is the key to early American literature.The New World provided a great variety of experiences,and these experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers.These writers included John Smith,who spent only two-and-a-half year on the American continent.They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd,who thought of themselves as British subjects,never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own.American Indians,explorers,Puritan ministers,frontier wives,plantation owners-they are all the creators of the first American literature.The main purpose of the last paragraph is to tell the readers that______.A:in the early days most American writers were from Great BritainB:people with rich life experience became writersC:there were many writers in the early days of American historyD:early-day experience provided the foundation for American literature
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Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate theidea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs. A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Clioset says.Snake robots could move in only four directions.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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问答题Practice 6 Then came the First World War and the Second World War. (1) After each war, new ideas, new attitudes, new trades and occupations were revealed to villagers. The long-established order of society was no longer taken for granted. Electricity and the motorcar were steadily operating to make “village life” and “town life” almost alike. (2) Now with the highly developed science and technology and high-level social welfare for all, there is no point whatever in talking any longer about “village life.” It is just life, and that a better life.
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问答题Robot Even before the first robot was built, the subject of robotics was controversial. The word robot was coined in 1921 by a Czech playwright who wrote about a colony of machines endowed with artificial intelligence that eventually turned against3 their human creators. Although that account was fictional, the first industrial robots were in use by the early 1960s. Today, we continue to be intrigued by robots and their potential for both good and evil. Basically, a robot is any machine that performs work or other actions normally done by humans. Most robots are used in factories to make products such as cars and electronics. Others are used to explore underwater, in volcanoes and even on other planets. Robots consist of three main components: a brain, which is usually a computer; actuators and mechanical parts such as motors, wheels and gears; and sensors for detecting images, sound, temperature, motion and light. With these basic components, robots can interact with their environment and perform the tasks they are designed to carry out. The advantages are obvious — robots can do things humans just don’t want to do, and they are usually more cost effective. Robots can also do things more precisely than humans and allow progress in medical science and other useful advances. But, as with any machine, a robot can break down and even cause disaster. There’s also the possibility that wicked people will use robots for evil purposes. Yet this is also true with other forms of technology such as weapons and biological material. Robots will probably be used even more in the future. They will continue to do tasks where danger, repetition, cost or the need for precision prevents humans from performing. As to whether they will be used for good or evil, that depends on the nature of the humans who create them.
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单选题Hopes, goals and fears ______ widely between men and women, the rich and the poor, and old people and young people.A
alterB
shiftC
varyD
transfer
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单选题_____ has been known as the automobile capital of the world.A
New YorkB
AtlantaC
PhiladelphiaD
Detroit
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