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All known techniques for handling complex problems successfully seem to fall into one of the three classes: subdividing the problem(51), ignoring irrelevant detail in a safe way(52), and having an independent agent(53)the internal consistency(contextual checking). The first two provide guidelines for solving the problem, the third serves to provide early warnings. A good programming language supports all three.In subdividing problem, some of the subproblems may be similar to the(54) problem. It leads us to a(55)solution. This(55)solution is viable provided each of the subproblems is easier to solve than the original problem.
A．abrogation
B．abstraction
C．composition
D．contraction
参考答案
更多 “ All known techniques for handling complex problems successfully seem to fall into one of the three classes: subdividing the problem(51), ignoring irrelevant detail in a safe way(52), and having an independent agent(53)the internal consistency(contextual checking). The first two provide guidelines for solving the problem, the third serves to provide early warnings. A good programming language supports all three.In subdividing problem, some of the subproblems may be similar to the(54) problem. It leads us to a(55)solution. This(55)solution is viable provided each of the subproblems is easier to solve than the original problem.A．abrogationB．abstractionC．compositionD．contraction ” 相关考题
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Techniques that can improve communication include:A establishing a single, one-way communications channelB avoiding face-to-face communicationC using redundancy (i.e. saying it two different ways) whenever possibleD disregarding the sensitivity of your receiverE All of the above.
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Passage OneYou've probably had the experience of having someone fall in love with you when you didn't feel the same way. In such a case it's hard to know what to do. You don't want to be so obvious in your efforts that you make an enemy of him.A friend of mine had this problem and handled it in the most tactful (得体的) way I've ever seen. Instead of telling her admirer directly, she devoted herself to introducing him to every girl she knew. Whenever she had a date with him, she arranged to drop in at the home of one of her girl friends. At last he clicked (一见如故) with one of these girls, and then everyone was happy. My friend was rid of a problem and she still had the young man as a friend, which was just what she wanted him to be.Of course this solution may not work for you. You may have your own way of dealing with the problem. But whatever you decide to do, keep one thing in mind—the boy in question has feelings every bit as sensitive as your own. So try to find a way of discouraging him without hurting him.31. The best title for this passage would be______.A. How to Make a FriendB. Problems of DatingC. Good Advice for GirlsD. How to Free Yourself from an Admirer
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Frame. Relay is simplified form. of(51), similar in principle to(52), in which synchronous, frames of data are routed to different destinations depending on header information.Packets are routed throught one or more Virtual Circuits known as(53). Most Virtual Circuits are(54), which means that the network provider sets up all DLCI connections at subscription time.(55)are also part of the Frame. Relay specification. They privide a link that only lasts only as long as the session.A．Datagram SwitchingB．Datagram RoutingC．Packet SwitchingD．packet Routing
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In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being ________(51)to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to_________(52)out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a ________(53)short history,like Australia and the United States.It is__________(54)thing to spend some time__________(55)through a book on family history and to take the_________(56)to investigate your own family's past.It is__________(57)another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and __________(58)yourself many problems which could have been_________(59)with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are_________(60)with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just _________(61) it as an interesting possibility. A simple system_________(62)collecting and storing your information will be ad-equate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your_________(63).The most important thing,though,is to___________(64)started.Who knows what you__________(65)find?_________(61)A:treat B:control C:contact D:direct
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Fermi ProblemOn a Monday morning in July,the world's first atom bomb exploded in New Mexico desert. Forty seconds later,the shock waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi and his team stood.After a mental calculation,Fermi announced to his team that the bomb's energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed,but not sur-prised.Fermi's genius was known throughout the scientific world.In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize.Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction,leading us into the nuclear age .Since Fermi's death in 1954,no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist（实验室）and a leading theoretician（理论学家）.Like all virtuosos（大师）,Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small,manageable bits talent we all can use in our daily lives.To develop this talent in his students,Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem.Upon first hearing one of these,you haven't the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it. Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems,each answerable without the help of experts or books,you can come close to the exact solution.Suppose you want to determine earth's circumference without looking it up.Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours.Three hours is one-eighth of a day,and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation（旋转）,so its circumference must be eight times 3 ,000 or 24,000 mi-les .This answer differs from the true value,24,902 .45 miles,by less than four percent.Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions.It doesn't matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles.Looking up the answer,or letting someone else find it,deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity,and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confidence.Thus,approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life. Dividing a big problem into small problems is a talent Fermi had and a talent that has practi- cal value in life.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being ________(51)to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to_________(52)out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a ________(53)short history,like Australia and the United States.It is__________(54)thing to spend some time__________(55)through a book on family history and to take the_________(56)to investigate your own family's past.It is__________(57)another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and __________(58)yourself many problems which could have been_________(59)with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are_________(60)with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just _________(61) it as an interesting possibility. A simple system_________(62)collecting and storing your information will be ad-equate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your_________(63).The most important thing,though,is to___________(64)started.Who knows what you__________(65)find?_________(63)A:track B:path C:road D:way
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In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being ________(51)to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to_________(52)out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a ________(53)short history,like Australia and the United States.It is__________(54)thing to spend some time__________(55)through a book on family history and to take the_________(56)to investigate your own family's past.It is__________(57)another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and __________(58)yourself many problems which could have been_________(59)with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are_________(60)with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just _________(61) it as an interesting possibility. A simple system_________(62)collecting and storing your information will be ad-equate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your_________(63).The most important thing,though,is to___________(64)started.Who knows what you__________(65)find?_________(52)A:lay B:make C:put D:find
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In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being ________(51)to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to_________(52)out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a ________(53)short history,like Australia and the United States.It is__________(54)thing to spend some time__________(55)through a book on family history and to take the_________(56)to investigate your own family's past.It is__________(57)another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and __________(58)yourself many problems which could have been_________(59)with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are_________(60)with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just _________(61) it as an interesting possibility. A simple system_________(62)collecting and storing your information will be ad-equate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your_________(63).The most important thing,though,is to___________(64)started.Who knows what you__________(65)find?_________(53)A:fairly B:greatly C:mostly D:widely
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Fermi ProblemOn a Monday morning in July,the world's first atom bomb exploded in New Mexico desert. Forty seconds later,the shock waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi and his team stood.After a mental calculation,Fermi announced to his team that the bomb's energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed,but not sur-prised.Fermi's genius was known throughout the scientific world.In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize.Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction,leading us into the nuclear age .Since Fermi's death in 1954,no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist（实验室）and a leading theoretician（理论学家）.Like all virtuosos（大师）,Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small,manageable bits talent we all can use in our daily lives.To develop this talent in his students,Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem.Upon first hearing one of these,you haven't the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it. Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems,each answerable without the help of experts or books,you can come close to the exact solution.Suppose you want to determine earth's circumference without looking it up.Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours.Three hours is one-eighth of a day,and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation（旋转）,so its circumference must be eight times 3 ,000 or 24,000 mi-les .This answer differs from the true value,24,902 .45 miles,by less than four percent.Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions.It doesn't matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles.Looking up the answer,or letting someone else find it,deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity,and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confidence.Thus,approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life.Fermi problem is to develop the talent of breaking a seemingly unanswerable problem into sub-problems and finding the solution to it,which is a typical Fermi problem.A:RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being ________(51)to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to_________(52)out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a ________(53)short history,like Australia and the United States.It is__________(54)thing to spend some time__________(55)through a book on family history and to take the_________(56)to investigate your own family's past.It is__________(57)another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and __________(58)yourself many problems which could have been_________(59)with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are_________(60)with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just _________(61) it as an interesting possibility. A simple system_________(62)collecting and storing your information will be ad-equate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your_________(63).The most important thing,though,is to___________(64)started.Who knows what you__________(65)find?_________(51)A:pushed B:attracted C:fetched D:brought
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资料：Many people think of internal control as a means of safeguarding cash and preventing fraud. Although internal control is an important factor in protecting assets and preventing fraud, this is only a part of its roles. Remember that business decisions are based on accounting data and the system of internal control provides assurance of the dependability of the accounting data used in making decisions.
The decisions made by management are communicated throughout the organization and become company policy. The results of the policies-----the consequences of managerial decisions----must be reported back to management so that the soundness of company policies can be evaluated. Among the means of communication included in the system of internal control are organization charts, manuals of accounting policies and procedures, flow charts, financial forecasts, purchase orders, receiving reports, invoices, and other documents. The term documentation refers to all the charts, forms, reports, and other business papers that guide and describe the working of a company's system of accounting and internal control.
Internal controls fall into two major classes: administrative controls and accounting controls. Administrative controls are measures that increase operational efficiency and compliance with policies in all parts of organization. For example, an administrative control may be a requirement that traveling salespersons submit reports showing the number of calls made on customers each day. Another example is a directive require airline pilots to have regular medical examinations. These internal administrative controls have no direct bearing on the reliability of the financial statements. Consequently, administrative controls are not of direct interest on accountants and independent auditors.
Internal accounting controls are measures that relate to protection of assets and to the reliability of accounting and financial reports. An example is the requirement that a person whose duties involve handling cash shall not also maintain accounting records. More broadly stated, the accounting function must be kept separate from the custody of assets. Another accounting control is the requirement that checks, purchase orders, and other documents be serially numbered. Still another example is the rule that a person who orders merchandise and supplies should not be the one to receive them and should not sign checks to pay for them.
An airline pilot having regular medical examinations is an example of（ ）. A.internal accounting controls
B.internal financial controls
C.administrative controls
D.external controls
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第二篇Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps.First,the problem must be identified correctly.Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation.For many problems,a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution.Clearly,a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is; however,this is not as easy as it might seem.One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness,that is,allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways,and by being inflexible in viewing the problem,they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.Once the problem is identified accurately,however,the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution.A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again,people may be limited by prior experiences.Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case,the mental set must be abandoned,and new alternatives must be explored.This can be a difficult adjustment for some people.After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them.One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable.This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step—action.The strategy selected must be implemented and tested.If it solves the problem,no further action is necessary,but if not,then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option.If the solution is still not apparent,then the cycle begins again,starting with problem identification.By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps,the solution can be improved upon and refined.One way to avoid being stuck in the different options to solve the problem is to________.A:stick to the best optionB:compare the advantages and disadvantages of different optionsC:ask other people for adviceD:try the best option but be ready to abandon it once it turns out to be not good
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第二篇Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps.First,the problem must be identified correctly.Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation.For many problems,a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution.Clearly,a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is; however,this is not as easy as it might seem.One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness,that is,allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways,and by being inflexible in viewing the problem,they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.Once the problem is identified accurately,however,the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution.A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again,people may be limited by prior experiences.Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case,the mental set must be abandoned,and new alternatives must be explored.This can be a difficult adjustment for some people.After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them.One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable.This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step—action.The strategy selected must be implemented and tested.If it solves the problem,no further action is necessary,but if not,then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option.If the solution is still not apparent,then the cycle begins again,starting with problem identification.By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps,the solution can be improved upon and refined.Solving a problem can be broken down into_______steps.A:3 B:4 C:5 D:6
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第二篇Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps.First,the problem must be identified correctly.Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation.For many problems,a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution.Clearly,a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is; however,this is not as easy as it might seem.One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness,that is,allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways,and by being inflexible in viewing the problem,they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.Once the problem is identified accurately,however,the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution.A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again,people may be limited by prior experiences.Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case,the mental set must be abandoned,and new alternatives must be explored.This can be a difficult adjustment for some people.After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them.One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable.This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step—action.The strategy selected must be implemented and tested.If it solves the problem,no further action is necessary,but if not,then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option.If the solution is still not apparent,then the cycle begins again,starting with problem identification.By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps,the solution can be improved upon and refined.We can evaluate the alternatives for a solution by_________.A:using prior experiencesB:adopting mental setsC:abandoning mental setsD:writing down the advantages and disadvantages of each solution
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第二篇Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps.First,the problem must be identified correctly.Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation.For many problems,a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution.Clearly,a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is; however,this is not as easy as it might seem.One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness,that is,allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways,and by being inflexible in viewing the problem,they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.Once the problem is identified accurately,however,the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution.A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again,people may be limited by prior experiences.Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case,the mental set must be abandoned,and new alternatives must be explored.This can be a difficult adjustment for some people.After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them.One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable.This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step—action.The strategy selected must be implemented and tested.If it solves the problem,no further action is necessary,but if not,then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option.If the solution is still not apparent,then the cycle begins again,starting with problem identification.By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps,the solution can be improved upon and refined.If we want to solve a problem,the first step is to________.A:know what the problem is B:compare the alternativesC:use prior experiences D:select a strategy
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Recently three new applications were installed on all the desktops in a company branch. One of the applications causes Windows to crash on startup, but the technician is unable to find out which application it is. Without removing all three applications, which of the following is the BEST way to determine the cause of the crash?（）A、Launch REGEDIT and remove the offending applications from the Run key.B、Start the computer in Safe Mode and check Event Viewer.C、Put in the ERD and when the window pops up select the option for Repair Broken Links and Applications.D、Hit the F6 key as Windows loads and run Repair Broken Links and Applications.
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Your database is up and running and one of your three control files is accidentally erased. You start RMAN and run the following command： RESTORE CONTROLFILE FROM AUTOBACKUP； Which of the following statements is true？（） A、 The command restores only the missing control file.B、 The command restores all the control files.C、 The command fails because the database is running.D、 This is the correct way to address this problem.E、 This is not the correct way to address this problem.
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You need to deliver the three reports that detail the previous days transaction activity. What should you do?（）A、Create a new report that has three embedded subreports. Create one standard subscription.B、Create three new reports based on the same dataset. Create one data-driven subscription.C、Create three data-driven subscriptions on a single shared schedule. Ensure that the e-mail recipient list is identical across all three subscriptions.D、Create three standard subscriptions on a single shared schedule. Ensure that the mail recipient list and subject are identical across all three subscriptions.
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A recently ordered server came standard with one 3.0GHz processor. It is capable of handling fourtotal processors. Which of the following processor combinations can be used in this server？（）A、 One， two， three or four processorsB、 One， two， or three processorsC、 One， three， or four processorsD、 One， two or four processors
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A customer indicates that a system is experiencing printing problems. After checking the system, and successfully printing, no problem has been found. Which of the following procedures should be performed next to further clarify the problem?（）A、 Reboot the system.B、 Check the file system sizes.C、 Have the customer repeat the task to recreate the problem.D、 Inform the customer that no problems were found， and to call back if the problem reoccurs.
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多选题Your database is up and running and one of your three control files is accidentally erased. You start RMAN and run the following command： RESTORE CONTROLFILE FROM AUTOBACKUP； Which of the following statements is true？（）AThe command restores only the missing control file.BThe command restores all the control files.CThe command fails because the database is running.DThis is the correct way to address this problem.EThis is not the correct way to address this problem.
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单选题Recently three new applications were installed on all the desktops in a company branch. One of the applications causes Windows to crash on startup, but the technician is unable to find out which application it is. Without removing all three applications, which of the following is the BEST way to determine the cause of the crash?（）A
Launch REGEDIT and remove the offending applications from the Run key.B
Start the computer in Safe Mode and check Event Viewer.C
Put in the ERD and when the window pops up select the option for Repair Broken Links and Applications.D
Hit the F6 key as Windows loads and run Repair Broken Links and Applications.
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单选题A recently ordered server came standard with one 3.0GHz processor. It is capable of handling fourtotal processors. Which of the following processor combinations can be used in this server？（）A
One， two， three or four processorsB
One， two， or three processorsC
One， three， or four processorsD
One， two or four processors
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单选题You need to deliver the three reports that detail the previous days transaction activity. What should you do?（）A
Create a new report that has three embedded subreports. Create one standard subscription.B
Create three new reports based on the same dataset. Create one data-driven subscription.C
Create three data-driven subscriptions on a single shared schedule. Ensure that the e-mail recipient list is identical across all three subscriptions.D
Create three standard subscriptions on a single shared schedule. Ensure that the mail recipient list and subject are identical across all three subscriptions.
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问答题Practice 2 We must work passionately and indefatigably to bridge the gulf between our scientific progress and our moral progress. One of the great problems of mankind is that we suffer from a poverty of the spirit which stands in glaring contrast to our scientific and technological abundance. The richer we have become materially, the poorer we have become morally and spiritually. Every man lives in two realms, the internal and the external. The internal is that realm of spiritual ends expressed in art, literature, morals and religion. The external is that complex of devices, techniques, mechanisms and instrumentalities by means of which we live. Our problem today is that we have allowed the internal to become lost in the external. We have allowed the means by which we live to outdistance the ends for which we live. So much of modern life can be summarized in that suggestive phrase of Thoreau: “Improved means to an unimproved end. “ This is the serious predicament, the deep and haunting problem, confronting modern man. Enlarged material powers spell enlarged peril if there is not proportionate growth of the soul. When the external of man’s nature subjugates the internal, dark storm clouds begin to form. (Martin Luther King: Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?)
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单选题After a technician came out and installed a new wireless router, one of the wired workstations began having problems connecting to the file server. This is only an intermittent problem. Which of the following actions will the technician MOST likely perform to resolve this problem?（）A
Change the router's SSIDB
Move the router's locationC
Check user permissionsD
Check the cable ends
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