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Text 3
The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Improve- meats were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced, Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm.
In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Be-tween 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many. features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the s0il to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others.
A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation On the farm. lathe United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, gain and blend feed, and dry gain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, Space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row.
Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa, Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture in parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land is laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pal- ling primitive plows.
The problems of mechanization in some areas are not 0nly cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere, Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.
31. The first paragraph uses several examples to convey the ideas that______.
A) the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the part of the farmers
B) the use of internal combustion engine as a chief power source for the farm produced great influence
C) the mechanization of agricultural work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers of their work
D) ingenious improvements were made in fanning machines in the 1860s to yield production
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更多 “ Text 3The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Improve- meats were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced, Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm.In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Be-tween 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many. features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the s0il to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others.A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation On the farm. lathe United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, gain and blend feed, and dry gain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, Space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row.Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa, Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture in parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land is laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pal- ling primitive plows.The problems of mechanization in some areas are not 0nly cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere, Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.31. The first paragraph uses several examples to convey the ideas that______.A) the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the part of the farmersB) the use of internal combustion engine as a chief power source for the farm produced great influenceC) the mechanization of agricultural work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers of their workD) ingenious improvements were made in fanning machines in the 1860s to yield production ” 相关考题
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B:cartons
C: goods
D: machines
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B:cartons
C:goods
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A. animal products B. plant products
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Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”
Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?A.How to Innovate Our Work Practices?
B.Machines will Replace Human Labor
C.Can We Win the Race Against Machines?
D.Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations
考题
We live in a moment packed with new possibilities,and we've never been better equipped to seize them.The problem is that many of us don't feel it.If this is the best time to be alive,it certainly hasn't becn the easiest.This upheaval has created winners:among owners ofcapital;among entrepreneurs who have grown into new markets;and among individuals whose skills,acumen or luck helps them to navigate this tangle.But it has also created losers:among pensioners and homeowners whose savings were destroyed by unforeseen financial risks;among workers whose jobs are now being done overseas by people escaping from poverty;among those whose jobs stayed onshore but are being replaced by machines;among farmers whose crops are failing because of climate change;among citizens in countries where a small elite are siphoning the benefits of global integration into offshore bank accounts.
考题
Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?
According to the first paragraph,economic downturns would____A.ease the competition of man vs.Machine
B.highlight machines'threat to human jobs
C.provoke a painful technological revolution
D.outmode our current economic structure
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When a customer attempts to manage virtual machines, virtual images and system pools with the VMControl Express Edition, all operations fail except for managing virtual machines. What is recommended to resolve this situation?（）A、Upgrade to VMControl Standard EditionB、Upgrade to VMControl Enterprise EditionC、Upgrade to latest version of VMControl Express EditionD、Download the latest fixes for VMControl Express Edition
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A customer has 5 older POWER5 systems and they want to consolidate them onto a POWER6 system. What information is important to analyze when deciding how to design the new machine using the System Planning Tool?（）A、 vmstat and iostat data from the older machines B、 The number of CPUs that were installed in the original machines C、 Data from Workload Estimator (WLE) and IBM Performance Management (PM) D、 Performance data that is collected from the new system after it has been put into production
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When choosing a hostname， other machines will associate the name with（）。A、the IP addressB、the MAC addressC、inetdD、port 80
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A bank runs 50 workstations and would like to decrease its electricity costs， while not sacrificing functionality. All of the workstations are high-end performance units that are intended to be used for CAD-like applications. Analysts benefit from the added performance， but tellers and associates could use more minimalist systems. Which of the following methods would decrease the banks electricity and hardware costs？（）A、Swap all teller and associate machines with servers.B、Swap all teller and associate machines with thin clients.C、Swap all teller and associate machines with low-profile high-end workstations.D、Swap all teller and associate machines with laptops.
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问答题Passage 2 A land free from destruction, wealth, natural resources, and labor supply--all these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special", was men-- creative individuals who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and 4 business organizations to reshape the society. The men who created the machines of the Industrial Revolution 5 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 6 inventors than scientists. A man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research accurately. He is not necessarily working 7 that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is usually trying to make something 8 has a concrete use. He tries to solve a problem by following the theories of science or by experimenting 9 trial and error. Regardless 10 his method, he is working to obtain a specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives. Most of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were 11 . A 12 were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training 13 science might have made their inventions, 14 a groundwork had been laid by scientists years 15 .
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单选题During the first half of the twentieth century, the average American household was _____ by the introduction of a group of machines that profoundly altered the daily lives of housewives.A
transformedB
transferredC
transmittedD
transported
考题
单选题When choosing a hostname， other machines will associate the name with（）。A
the IP addressB
the MAC addressC
inetdD
port 80
考题
单选题A customer has 5 older POWER5 systems and they want to consolidate them onto a POWER6 system. What information is important to analyze when deciding how to design the new machine using the System Planning Tool?（）A
vmstat and iostat data from the older machines B
The number of CPUs that were installed in the original machines C
Data from Workload Estimator (WLE) and IBM Performance Management (PM) D
Performance data that is collected from the new system after it has been put into production
考题
单选题Some sick people think of themselves as broken machines, which suggested that ______.A
modem doctors should treat their patients as machinesB
the level of the treatment was greatly improvedC
they thought they were useless just like broken machinesD
they were not satisfied with the manner in which doctors treated them
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单选题For many years marine centrifuges were designed for （） operation, that is the machines were run for a period during which solids accumulated in the bowlThe machine was stopped when the accumulated solids began to impair its performance.A
purifyingB
batchC
long periodD
temporary
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单选题It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A
most movie theaters had a pianist, a hand or an orchestraB
sound-effects machines were common because they were more effectiveC
full-scale orchestras could effectively synchronize sound with picturesD
gramophones came into being about the same time as moving pictures did
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问答题Practice 9 Generally, however, modern examinations are, written. (1) The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. (2) A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
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单选题In the coming years, people will __________.A
have more machines at their disposalB
experience starvationC
never workD
have fewer machines at their disposal
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单选题_____A
Install more machines.B
Test the machines.C
Buy more machines.D
Sell the machines.
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