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心力衰竭细胞(heart failure cell)
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP_________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else in the world.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. The experiment proved to be satisfactory.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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第一篇Human Heart can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues togenerate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with or whether they could be renewed,"he said."The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75."If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts."A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said."With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一 whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.The human heart stops producing cardiac cells ______.A:when a person becomes oldB:as soon as a person gets sickC:immediately after a person is bornD:once a person dies
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第一篇Human Heart can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues togenerate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with or whether they could be renewed,"he said."The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75."If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts."A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said."With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一 whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.Chronic heart failure is attributed to _________.A:the dying heart cellsB:the effect of pharmaceuticalsC:the weight of the patientD:the life span of a person
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第一篇Human Heart can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues togenerate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with or whether they could be renewed,"he said."The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75."If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts."A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said."With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一 whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.It is not known yet if the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts_________.A:is high enough to replace cells faster than they're dying offB:is of any use to researchersC:is the same as that in healthy heartsD:changes over time
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第一篇Human Heart can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues togenerate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with or whether they could be renewed,"he said."The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75."If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts."A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said."With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一 whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.In people in their mid-70s,only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes______.A:are still functionalB:are reduced each yearC:are replaced each yearD:are damaged each year
考题
问答题简述细胞株（cell strain）与细胞系（cell line）的区别.
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