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The Robot Man
According to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.
The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.
Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.
By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".
The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.
With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.
These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.
The Robot Man
According to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.
The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.
Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.
By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".
The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.
With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.
These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.
What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots?
A: They will be able to recogilize speeches and texts.
B: They will be able to learn by themselves.
C: They will be able to predict problems.
D: They will be able to match human reasoning and behaviour.
A: They will be able to recogilize speeches and texts.
B: They will be able to learn by themselves.
C: They will be able to predict problems.
D: They will be able to match human reasoning and behaviour.
参考答案
参考解析
解析：问题是：第二代机器人的显著特点是什么？本文第二段的第一句话是：" The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn.”因此，第二代机器人的显著特点是具有“自主学习”的能力，他能根据设定的程序提供“快乐”或 “痛苦”的刺激。A项没有提到;C和D讲述的是第三代和第四代机器人的特点。
本文第五、六段阐述了未来机器人的能力。第五段的最后一句是“... where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.”其余三个选项与文中内容不符。
作者的写作目的显然不是描述Hans Moravec的生平，而全文都是客观地论述了未来几代机器人的趋势，没有任何主观色彩。所以，A和C显然不对；选项D没有提到。
" plummet”是“急速下降”的意思。也可根据后面的“... eventually to near zero"（最终降到零）判断，stretch , extend , grow的意思是“伸展”,“扩大”,“增长”，因此都不对。
本文最后一段“These future machines will be our ‘ mind children ’ like biological children...”说明了未来机器人是懂得我们思想的孩子。like biological children意思是（在懂得我们思想方面）他们像我们生的孩子，并不是“they look like previous biological children"（长得像）;C、D没有提到。
本文第五、六段阐述了未来机器人的能力。第五段的最后一句是“... where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.”其余三个选项与文中内容不符。
作者的写作目的显然不是描述Hans Moravec的生平，而全文都是客观地论述了未来几代机器人的趋势，没有任何主观色彩。所以，A和C显然不对；选项D没有提到。
" plummet”是“急速下降”的意思。也可根据后面的“... eventually to near zero"（最终降到零）判断，stretch , extend , grow的意思是“伸展”,“扩大”,“增长”，因此都不对。
本文最后一段“These future machines will be our ‘ mind children ’ like biological children...”说明了未来机器人是懂得我们思想的孩子。like biological children意思是（在懂得我们思想方面）他们像我们生的孩子，并不是“they look like previous biological children"（长得像）;C、D没有提到。
更多 “共用题干 The Robot ManAccording to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future. What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots?A: They will be able to recogilize speeches and texts.B: They will be able to learn by themselves.C: They will be able to predict problems.D: They will be able to match human reasoning and behaviour.” 相关考题
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