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People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors.But Dr.Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.4,he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea,he turned to the university-admissions process.In theory,the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews,12 by 31 admissions officers.The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration.The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test,or GMAT,a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that,then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points.This might sound small,but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.
A.chosen
B.stupid
C.found
D.identified
B.stupid
C.found
D.identified
参考答案
参考解析
解析：上下文语义衔接+动词辨析空格后面有一个副词为randomly，随机地，既然是随机，那么A选项found“找到的”，选项B选项studied“研究过的”，D选项identified“经鉴定的”就与randomly是相矛盾的，全部排除。
更多 “People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors.But Dr.Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.4,he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea,he turned to the university-admissions process.In theory,the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews,12 by 31 admissions officers.The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration.The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test,or GMAT,a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that,then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points.This might sound small,but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.A.chosen B.stupid C.found D.identified” 相关考题
考题
Passage FourEvery culture and every country in the world celebrates New Year, but not everyone does it the same way. The countries in North America and Europe welcome New Year on January the first. This practice began with the Romans in the Middle East, New Year is when spring begins. People in China and Vietnam celebrate it on the first day of the Spring Festival, which is the first day of their calendar based on the moon. Rosh Hashana, which is the Jewish (犹太人的) New Year, comes at the end of summer. The Hindus (印度教教徒 ) in India celebrate the first day of each season, so they have four New Years.In all these cultures, there is a practice of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil spirits (妖精) from their homes. Today making noise is more of a custom than a religious rimIn the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the new year comes, all ring bells, blow' whistles, sing songs, and kiss each other. A favorite Scottish song which everyone sings together is Auld Lang Sync. The words tell of old friends and good times.In all cultures, New Year's Day is a time when people think of new beginnings. They want to make the coming year better than the last one. Many people in the United States make New Year resolutions. These are specific promises that they make to improve their behavior, change their habits, and become better people. There are many jokes about how a person keeps his or her New Year resolutions.48. In ancient times, the practice of making noise was meant ______.A. to keep the evil spirits awayB. to have funC. to celebrate the coming of the new yearD. to keep to a custom
考题
If you don’t have much experience of making phone calls in English, making a business call can be a worrying experience. Most business people, unless they feel very confident, prepare for an important phone call in a foreign language by making notes in advance. And during the call they make notes while they’re talking to help them to remember what was said. Although it’s quick and convenient to phone someone to give them information or to ask questions, the disadvantage is that there is nothing in writing to help you to remember what was said. It’s essential to make notes and often when an agreement is reached on the phone, one of the speakers will send a fax or e-mail to confirm the main points that were made. Because it’s so easy to be misunderstood when talking on the phone, it’s a good idea to repeat any important information (especially numbers and names) back to the other person to make sure you’ve got it right. Always make sure you know the name of the person you’re talking to. If necessary, ask them to spell it out to you, so that you can make sure you’ve got it right----and try to use their name during the call. And make sure that they know your name too.1. If you don’t have much experience of making phone calls in English, making a business call can be ().A.an easy thingB.a happy experienceC.a painful thing2.Most business people prepare for an important phone call in a foreign language by making notes in advance because ().A.they are very carefulB.their foreign language isn’t so goodC.they don’t want to miss any important information3. When the speakers reach an agreement on the phone, ()will send a fax or e-mail in order to confirm the main points that were made.A.one of themB.both of themC.none of them4.What does “IT” refer to in the first sentence in_Paragraph Four_----“…it’s a good idea to repeat any important information (especially numbers and names) back to the other person to make sure you’ve gotITright”()A.important informationB.the other personC.a good idea5.The best title of this passage is().A.The Importance of Taking NotesB.Business CallsC.Talking on the Phone
考题
When people become _______________, it is inability which is often worse than lack of wages.
A、unemployedB、povertyC、illD、poor
考题
When the teacher is presenting a new language, giving explanations, checking answers,which of the following should be adopted?
A．Whole class work.
B．Pair work.
C．Group work.
D．Individual work.
考题
When the teacher is presenting a new language, giving explanations, checking answers,which of the following should be adopted?A.whole class work
B.pair work
C.group work
D.individual work
考题
When students are asked to find out the changes of their hometown and make a plan for anexhibition, which type of the following grouping methods is mostly recommended
A.Whole class work.
B.Group work.
C.Pair work.
D.Individual work.
考题
When the teacher is presenting a new language, giving explanations, checking answers,which of the following should be adopted?A.whole class work
B.pair work
C.group work
D.individual work
考题
What is the price of anarchy?Technically,in transportation engineering,the price of anarchy describes the difference between what happens when every driver selfishly picks the fastest route and what the socially optimal traffic outcome would be.In the pre-mobile-app days,drivers'selfishness was limited by their knowledge of the road network.In those conditions,both simulation and real-world experience showed that most people stuck to the freeways and arterial roads.Sure,there were always people who knew the crazy,back-road route but the bulk of people just stuck to the routes that transportation planners had designated as the preferred way to get from a to B But a new body of research at the University of California's Institute of Transportation Studies suggests that the reality is far more complicated.In some scenarios,traffic-beating apps might work for an individual,but make congestion worse overall.And autonomous vehicles,touted as an answer to traffic streets,could deepen the problem This problem has been vastly overlooked,"Alexandre Bayen,the director of UC Berkeley,'s Institute of Transportation Studies,told me.It is just the beginning of something that is gonna be much worse.The situation then gets much worse because hundreds of people just like you want to go on the side streets,which were never designed to handle the traffic,Bayen says."So,now,in addition to congesting the freeway,you've also congested the side streets and the intersections While it's clear that these apps can put stress on local side streets,we still don't know what effect they may have on highways,or for traffic systems as a whole.This is an open problem,said Bayen Hence,we need to be very cautious in our conclusions They re building on pioneering work by researchers like Hani Mahmassani into the role of real-time information in shaping traffic conditions.In 1991,Mahmassani challenged what he took to be"possible misconceptions that information will automatically lead to improvements in traffic conditions.He was not alone.That same year,other researchers noted that information can cause drivers to change their departure times in such a way as to exacerbate congestion Nonetheless,most of this early work showed that when the percentage of drivers with access to in formation was low there was a major benefit for better-informed drivers.So,in the early days of Waze and Google Maps and automated routing at UPS,many individuals did experience substantial benefits rom these applications.The roads,as a whole,were probably also flowing better.Bayen does,in fact,have a suggestion for improving these apps,but the companies might not like it.He thinks the apps should spread out drivers on different routes intentionally,which would require collaboration among the mapping apps.Given the cutthroat nature of competition in Silicon valley thats a tough sell but it might help bring down the price of anarchy
Which of the following is true about the mapping apps?A.It helps people avoid congestion and keep traffic flowing
B.It considers the conditions of the whole traffic system
C.It eases the traffic pressure of the main roads
D.It increases traffic congestion in general
考题
What is the price of anarchy?Technically,in transportation engineering,the price of anarchy describes the difference between what happens when every driver selfishly picks the fastest route and what the socially optimal traffic outcome would be.In the pre-mobile-app days,drivers'selfishness was limited by their knowledge of the road network.In those conditions,both simulation and real-world experience showed that most people stuck to the freeways and arterial roads.Sure,there were always people who knew the crazy,back-road route but the bulk of people just stuck to the routes that transportation planners had designated as the preferred way to get from a to B But a new body of research at the University of California's Institute of Transportation Studies suggests that the reality is far more complicated.In some scenarios,traffic-beating apps might work for an individual,but make congestion worse overall.And autonomous vehicles,touted as an answer to traffic streets,could deepen the problem This problem has been vastly overlooked,"Alexandre Bayen,the director of UC Berkeley,'s Institute of Transportation Studies,told me.It is just the beginning of something that is gonna be much worse.The situation then gets much worse because hundreds of people just like you want to go on the side streets,which were never designed to handle the traffic,Bayen says."So,now,in addition to congesting the freeway,you've also congested the side streets and the intersections While it's clear that these apps can put stress on local side streets,we still don't know what effect they may have on highways,or for traffic systems as a whole.This is an open problem,said Bayen Hence,we need to be very cautious in our conclusions They re building on pioneering work by researchers like Hani Mahmassani into the role of real-time information in shaping traffic conditions.In 1991,Mahmassani challenged what he took to be"possible misconceptions that information will automatically lead to improvements in traffic conditions.He was not alone.That same year,other researchers noted that information can cause drivers to change their departure times in such a way as to exacerbate congestion Nonetheless,most of this early work showed that when the percentage of drivers with access to in formation was low there was a major benefit for better-informed drivers.So,in the early days of Waze and Google Maps and automated routing at UPS,many individuals did experience substantial benefits rom these applications.The roads,as a whole,were probably also flowing better.Bayen does,in fact,have a suggestion for improving these apps,but the companies might not like it.He thinks the apps should spread out drivers on different routes intentionally,which would require collaboration among the mapping apps.Given the cutthroat nature of competition in Silicon valley thats a tough sell but it might help bring down the price of anarchy
What is Mahmassani,s attitude to the improvement of traffic brought by information?A.Skeptical
B.Approving
C.Uncertain
D.Condemning
考题
People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors.But Dr.Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.4,he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea,he turned to the university-admissions process.In theory,the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews,12 by 31 admissions officers.The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration.The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test,or GMAT,a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that,then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points.This might sound small,but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.A.decision
B.quality
C.status
D.success
考题
What is the price of anarchy?Technically,in transportation engineering,the price of anarchy describes the difference between what happens when every driver selfishly picks the fastest route and what the socially optimal traffic outcome would be.In the pre-mobile-app days,drivers'selfishness was limited by their knowledge of the road network.In those conditions,both simulation and real-world experience showed that most people stuck to the freeways and arterial roads.Sure,there were always people who knew the crazy,back-road route but the bulk of people just stuck to the routes that transportation planners had designated as the preferred way to get from a to B But a new body of research at the University of California's Institute of Transportation Studies suggests that the reality is far more complicated.In some scenarios,traffic-beating apps might work for an individual,but make congestion worse overall.And autonomous vehicles,touted as an answer to traffic streets,could deepen the problem This problem has been vastly overlooked,"Alexandre Bayen,the director of UC Berkeley,'s Institute of Transportation Studies,told me.It is just the beginning of something that is gonna be much worse.The situation then gets much worse because hundreds of people just like you want to go on the side streets,which were never designed to handle the traffic,Bayen says."So,now,in addition to congesting the freeway,you've also congested the side streets and the intersections While it's clear that these apps can put stress on local side streets,we still don't know what effect they may have on highways,or for traffic systems as a whole.This is an open problem,said Bayen Hence,we need to be very cautious in our conclusions They re building on pioneering work by researchers like Hani Mahmassani into the role of real-time information in shaping traffic conditions.In 1991,Mahmassani challenged what he took to be"possible misconceptions that information will automatically lead to improvements in traffic conditions.He was not alone.That same year,other researchers noted that information can cause drivers to change their departure times in such a way as to exacerbate congestion Nonetheless,most of this early work showed that when the percentage of drivers with access to in formation was low there was a major benefit for better-informed drivers.So,in the early days of Waze and Google Maps and automated routing at UPS,many individuals did experience substantial benefits rom these applications.The roads,as a whole,were probably also flowing better.Bayen does,in fact,have a suggestion for improving these apps,but the companies might not like it.He thinks the apps should spread out drivers on different routes intentionally,which would require collaboration among the mapping apps.Given the cutthroat nature of competition in Silicon valley thats a tough sell but it might help bring down the price of anarchy
People can benefit from mapping apps whenA.there are more traffic apps available
B.only a minority of drivers use the apps
C.the roads are in better condition
D.the apps are more intelligent
考题
资料：Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pingeon can learm to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s peronality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a nice face looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a nice person, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate friendly, warm, and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allports, an American psychologist, found nearly18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types——people are described with such terms.
People have always tried to type each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role. In fact, the words person and persoality come from the Latin persona, meaning mask. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the good guys from the bad guys because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
Which of the following is NOT true?A.People differ from each in appearance
B.Different people may have different personalities
C.People can learn to recognize faces
D.People can describe all the features of others
考题
资料：Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pingeon can learm to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s peronality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a nice face looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a nice person, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate friendly, warm, and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allports, an American psychologist, found nearly18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types——people are described with such terms.
People have always tried to type each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role. In fact, the words person and persoality come from the Latin persona, meaning mask. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the good guys from the bad guys because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
What is the main idea of this passage?A.How to describe people’s personatities
B.How to distinguish people’s faces
C.How to distinguish people both inward and outward
D.How to differ good people from bad people
考题
A joke which was funny to American people might seem ______ to Chinese.A.defense
B.fence
C.offense
D.intense
考题
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Body Language in the United States1.Most people shake hands and make eye contact when they meet people for the first time.Among very good friends,a woman may give another woman a little hug,and a man may kiss a woman quickly on the cheek.Males don't usually hug one another,however,this is changing.Men usually shake hands with the right hand.Sometimes they use the left hand to either cover the handshake or lightly hold the other person's arm.This shows greater warmth and friendship.Most people wave hello or good-bye by extending the arm,palm facing outward,and twisting the hand at the wrist.Another way is to raise the arm,palm outward,and move the whole arm and hand back and forth.This is important to know because in many other countries,the same movements mean"no".2.When people are waiting in a public place,such as the post office,they usually form lines.Some people get angry and complain if someone pushes their way into a line or jumps ahead of other people.Moreover,many women like men to open doors for them.They also like men to give up their seats on public transportation.However,some women do not like this type of behavior.They feel that men and women should be treated in the same way.3.In the United States,it's important to make direct eye contact in business and social situations.If you don't make eye contact,people will probably think that you are bored or not interested.If there is silence in these situations,people usually try to make conversation.Periods of silence make many people uncomfortable.People in the United States usually stand about one arm's length away from each other while talking or standing together.This space is called"the comfort zone".4.In the United States,mothers sometimes show that they are angry with children by shaking an index finger at them.People may show that they like children by patting them on the top of the head.People usually make eye contact with each other during________.A:public transportationB:the handshakeC:a business meetingD:line of peopleE:her kidsF:long period of silence
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Body Language in the United States1.Most people shake hands and make eye contact when they meet people for the first time.Among very good friends,a woman may give another woman a little hug,and a man may kiss a woman quickly on the cheek.Males don't usually hug one another,however,this is changing.Men usually shake hands with the right hand.Sometimes they use the left hand to either cover the handshake or lightly hold the other person's arm.This shows greater warmth and friendship.Most people wave hello or good-bye by extending the arm,palm facing outward,and twisting the hand at the wrist.Another way is to raise the arm,palm outward,and move the whole arm and hand back and forth.This is important to know because in many other countries,the same movements mean"no".2.When people are waiting in a public place,such as the post office,they usually form lines.Some people get angry and complain if someone pushes their way into a line or jumps ahead of other people.Moreover,many women like men to open doors for them.They also like men to give up their seats on public transportation.However,some women do not like this type of behavior.They feel that men and women should be treated in the same way.3.In the United States,it's important to make direct eye contact in business and social situations.If you don't make eye contact,people will probably think that you are bored or not interested.If there is silence in these situations,people usually try to make conversation.Periods of silence make many people uncomfortable.People in the United States usually stand about one arm's length away from each other while talking or standing together.This space is called"the comfort zone".4.In the United States,mothers sometimes show that they are angry with children by shaking an index finger at them.People may show that they like children by patting them on the top of the head.When men shake hands,they sometimes use the left hand to cover_______.A:public transportationB:the handshakeC:a business meetingD:line of peopleE:her kidsF:long period of silence
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FriendshipFriends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted,we often don't clearly understand how we make friends.While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few一for example,the average among students is about 6 per person.Moreover,a great many relationships come under the blanket term"friendship".In all cases,two people like each other and enjoy being together,but beyond that,the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously.Initially,much depends on how people meet,and on favourable first impressions.As we get to know people,we take into account things like age,race,physical attractiveness,economic and social status,and intelligence.Although these factors are not of prime importance,it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked difference in age and background.On a more immediate level,we are sensitive to actual behaviour,facial expression, and tone of voice.Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than mere acquaintances.Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness,and it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends.A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive stare,and nervousness may be misread as hostility.People who do not look one in the eye are mistrusted when,in fact,they simply lack confidence.Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs,to have attitudes and interests in common一they often talk about"being on the same wavelength".It generally takes time to reach this point; sometimes people"click"immediately.The more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another.People want to do friends favours and hate to let them down.Equally,friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with irritating habits,and to tolerate differences of opinion.Imagine going camping with someone you occasionally meet for a drink!In contrast with marriage,there are no friendship ceremonies,no rituals to strengthen the association between two people.But the mutual support and understanding that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can overcome differences in background,and break down barriers of age,class or race. Shy people tend to misinterpret other people's facial expressions.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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第二篇Spoilt for ChoiceChoice,we are made to believe,is a right. In daily life,people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main,these are just annoying moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower,or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to.But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong consequences.More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed,or put into the hands of the army of professionals,lifestyle coaches,lawyers,advisors,and the like, waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee.But for a good many people in the world,in rich and poor countries,choice is a luxury,not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices,the whole system is merely an illusion,created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares。The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness,even paralysis（瘫痪）,in many people,ending in the shopper giving up and walking away,or just buying an un- suitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease.Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not reilly needed.The advertisers and the manufacturers are,nonetheless,satisfied.It is not just their availability that is the problem,but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market.Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves.Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time.The classic example is computers,which are almost outdated once they are bought.At first,there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers,but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine.This makes selection a problem.Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing;no choice,no anxiety.The plethora（过剩）of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world,people have more choice about where they want to live and work一a fairly recent phenome- non.In the past,nations migrated across the earth in search of food,adventure,and more hospitable environ- ments.Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history.So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders effectively slowed this process down.When people cannot easily decide what to buy,which of the following is the least possible choice?A:Giving up.B:Walking away.C:Buying an unsuitable item.D:Seeking advice.
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FriendshipFriends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted,we often don't clearly understand how we make friends.While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few一for example,the average among students is about 6 per person.Moreover,a great many relationships come under the blanket term"friendship".In all cases,two people like each other and enjoy being together,but beyond that,the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously.Initially,much depends on how people meet,and on favourable first impressions.As we get to know people,we take into account things like age,race,physical attractiveness,economic and social status,and intelligence.Although these factors are not of prime importance,it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked difference in age and background.On a more immediate level,we are sensitive to actual behaviour,facial expression, and tone of voice.Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than mere acquaintances.Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness,and it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends.A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive stare,and nervousness may be misread as hostility.People who do not look one in the eye are mistrusted when,in fact,they simply lack confidence.Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs,to have attitudes and interests in common一they often talk about"being on the same wavelength".It generally takes time to reach this point; sometimes people"click"immediately.The more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another.People want to do friends favours and hate to let them down.Equally,friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with irritating habits,and to tolerate differences of opinion.Imagine going camping with someone you occasionally meet for a drink!In contrast with marriage,there are no friendship ceremonies,no rituals to strengthen the association between two people.But the mutual support and understanding that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can overcome differences in background,and break down barriers of age,class or race. Two people can be considered friends so long as they care for each other and like being together.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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FriendshipFriends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted,we often don't clearly understand how we make friends.While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few一for example,the average among students is about 6 per person.Moreover,a great many relationships come under the blanket term"friendship".In all cases,two people like each other and enjoy being together,but beyond that,the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously.Initially,much depends on how people meet,and on favourable first impressions.As we get to know people,we take into account things like age,race,physical attractiveness,economic and social status,and intelligence.Although these factors are not of prime importance,it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked difference in age and background.On a more immediate level,we are sensitive to actual behaviour,facial expression, and tone of voice.Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than mere acquaintances.Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness,and it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends.A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive stare,and nervousness may be misread as hostility.People who do not look one in the eye are mistrusted when,in fact,they simply lack confidence.Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs,to have attitudes and interests in common一they often talk about"being on the same wavelength".It generally takes time to reach this point; sometimes people"click"immediately.The more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another.People want to do friends favours and hate to let them down.Equally,friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with irritating habits,and to tolerate differences of opinion.Imagine going camping with someone you occasionally meet for a drink!In contrast with marriage,there are no friendship ceremonies,no rituals to strengthen the association between two people.But the mutual support and understanding that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can overcome differences in background,and break down barriers of age,class or race. Favourable first impressions count for a lot in making friends.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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第二篇Spoilt for ChoiceChoice,we are made to believe,is a right. In daily life,people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main,these are just annoying moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower,or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to.But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong consequences.More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed,or put into the hands of the army of professionals,lifestyle coaches,lawyers,advisors,and the like, waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee.But for a good many people in the world,in rich and poor countries,choice is a luxury,not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices,the whole system is merely an illusion,created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares。The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness,even paralysis（瘫痪）,in many people,ending in the shopper giving up and walking away,or just buying an un- suitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease.Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not reilly needed.The advertisers and the manufacturers are,nonetheless,satisfied.It is not just their availability that is the problem,but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market.Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves.Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time.The classic example is computers,which are almost outdated once they are bought.At first,there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers,but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine.This makes selection a problem.Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing;no choice,no anxiety.The plethora（过剩）of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world,people have more choice about where they want to live and work一a fairly recent phenome- non.In the past,nations migrated across the earth in search of food,adventure,and more hospitable environ- ments.Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history.So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders effectively slowed this process down.Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays?A:They are of poor quality.B:They are quickly replaced with new ones.C:They have too many versions.D:They are not designed by computers.
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Faces, like fingerprints, are unique.Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even ask illed writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pigeon--can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone′ s personality, we mean the ways in which heor she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone′ s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a "nice face"looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a "nice person", you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people′s behavior.And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types--people are describedwith such terms.
People have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain′s or the hero′s role. In fact, the words "person" and"personality" come from the Latin person a, meaning "mask".Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easilytell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
By using the example of fingerprints the author tells us that ____________.A.people can learn to recognize faces
B.people have different personalities
C.people have difficulty in describing the features of finger prints
D.people differ from each other in facial features
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单选题According to the passage, Keasey’s findings support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children?A
They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.B
They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.C
They do not understand the concept of public duty.D
They accept moral judgments made by their peers more easily than do older children.
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填空题When adults go to masquerade parties, they wear costumes which make them look like historical or political figures.____
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单选题There are several ways you can find out about the countries
and places you wish to visit. You can talk to friends who have travelled to the
places. Or you can go and see a colour film. Or you can read travel
books. It would seem that there are three kinds of
travel books. The first are those that give a personal, subjective (主观的) account
of travels which the author has actually made himself, if they are informative
and have a good index (索引), then they can be useful to you when you are planning
your travels. The second kind are those books whose purpose is to give a purely
objective (客观的)description of things to be done and seen. If a well-read,
cultured person has written such a book, then it is even more useful. It can be
sorted as a selected guide book. The third kind are those books which are called
"a guide" to some place or other. If they are good, they will, in addition to
their factual information, give an analysis or an explanation. Like the first
kind they can be inspiring and interesting. But their basic purpose is to help
the reader who wishes to plan in the most practical way.
Whatever kind of travel book you choose you must make sure that it does not
describe everything as "wonderful", "excellent" or "magical". You must also note
its date of publication because travel is a very practical affair and many
things change quickly in the twenty-first century. Finally, you should make sure
that the contents are well presented and easy to find.The following travel books may be of use when you plan your travels
except （）.A
the book written by some people who have had the same travel experience
themselvesB
the book which tells you what is worth doing and seeing based on the
factsC
the book in which a lot of big adjectives are used to draw your
attentionD
the book which offers you a lot of useful information like a tour
guide
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单选题I do not advocate building the park near a jetport, which might make people to suffer from defective hearing.A
make people suffering from defective hearingB
make people suffer from defective hearingC
make people suffer defective hearingD
make people to suffer defective hearing
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单选题When a teacher organizes group work.Which of the following might be of the Least Concern?A
Increasing peer interactionB
Increasing individual practiveC
Developing language accuracyD
Providing variety and dynamics
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问答题John got married six months ago，and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high.
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