口译笔译考试——关于奥运你可能不知道的10件事
发布时间：2020-09-22
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Every
four years, the world comes together for two weeks of competition, comradery
and national pride for the Olympic Games. Athletes from around the world have
the chance to gain national and international fame while capturing the
attention of spectators around the world.
每隔四年，全世界就会为了奥运会而集合一次。这两个星期充满了竞争、兄弟情和国家荣誉。来自世界各地的运动员都有机会获得全球观众的注意，从而名动全国乃至全世界。
There is
a rich history behind the founding and development of the Olympics that has
many twists and turns. Ten of the historical Olympic facts are included below.
Some of the facts may surprise you:
而在奥运会在创办和发展的道路上，也经历了各种风波。以下是关于奥运的十件事，其中有些也许会令你震惊不已。
1.Record
of the Olympics dates back to 776 BC. But it is believed that the god greek
demigod Heracles, son of Zeus founded the games many years before.
1. 关于奥运会的记录可追溯至公元前776年。但通常人们认为是希腊神话中宙斯的儿子，大力士英雄赫拉克勒斯在更早的时候创办了这些比赛。
2.The
Olympics were created to honor 12 Olympian gods and were hosted in the gardens
of the ancient Greek city Olympia.
2. 奥运会的创办是为了表达对奥林匹亚山上12位天神的尊敬。当时，奥运会在希腊古城奥林匹亚城中的花园内举行。
3.After
12 centuries, Roman Emperor Theodosius banned them in 393 AD under accusations
of pagan motivations. But French Baron Pierre de Coubertin reinstated the Games
in the late 19th century.
3. 在12个世纪之后，罗马皇帝狄奥多西以这是异教徒居心不良的活动为由，于公元393年禁止了奥运会。然而在19世纪后期，法国男爵顾拜旦恢复了奥运会比赛。
4.The
first and only Games event was a 192 meter run; which is about 0.1 mile. The
race was referred to as a stadio which is where the term stadium derives. Only
men were allowed to compete in this event.
4.在第一届现代奥运会上，仅有一个比赛项目，即长约0.1英里的跑步比赛，当时的长度是192米。这项比赛被称为斯塔基奥，这也是如今“运动场”一词的来源。当时只有男人被允许参加比赛。
5.Women
were allowed to compete in Equestrian events during the ancient Olympics. The
first modern Olympics allowing women to compete (only in Tennis) was in 1900,
in Paris, France. Additional sports were added over 30 years.
5. 古代奥运会允许女性参加马术的比赛项目。而在现代奥运会中，直到1900年巴黎奥运会女性运动员才被允许参加，而且比赛项目只限于网球。直到30年后，女性才得以参加其他项目的比赛。
6.The
most decorated Olympian is American swimmer Michael Phelps. The swimmer broke a
48-year record held by Ukranian and former USSR athlete Larissa Latynina with
18 total medals (nine gold, five silver, four bronze). They were earned in the
1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics. Michael Phelps broke this record during the 2012
London Olympics. His medal count is 15 gold, two silver, and two broze.
6. 美国游泳名将“飞鱼”菲尔普斯是历史上获得奖牌数最多的奥运会选手。他打破了由前苏联选手，乌克兰人拉里莎-拉特尼娜创造的历史，而这一历史记录已经维持了48年。拉特尼娜在1956年、1960年和1964年三届奥运会中，共获得了18块奖牌，其中9块金牌，5块银牌，4块铜牌。截止此次伦敦奥运会，菲尔普斯打破了这一记录。他总共获得了15块金牌，2块银牌和2块铜牌。
7.The
most decorated country competing in the Olympics is the United States. Over the
span of 28 Olympic Games, the United States accumulated 2,511 medals (Based on
records from 1896-2008).
7. 美国是赢得奖牌数最多的参赛国家。自1896年至2008年，美国共参加了28届奥运会，总共获得了2511块奖牌。
8.A
Winter Olympics were added to the competition in 1924 in Chamonix, France. The
original events were alpine and cross-country skiing, ice hockey, Nordic
compined, ski jumping, speed skating and figure skating.
8. 冬季奥运会首次出现在1924年。第一届冬奥会在法国夏蒙尼举行。最初的比赛项目包括高山滑雪、越野滑雪、冰上曲棍球、北欧混合项目、跳台滑雪、速度滑冰和花样滑冰。
9.The
most expensive Olympics to-date is Bejing, China in 2008. The country spent
nearly $42 billion to host the event. While there is much debate over the cost
of hosting the Olympics and the return value, many believe that the spike in
international attention will positively affect tourism for many years.
9. 至今花费最昂贵的奥运会是2008年北京奥运会。为了举办这届奥运会，中国花费了将近420亿美元(约2670亿人民币)。虽然关于如此高昂的代价和最终回报仍有争议，很多人们相信如此在世界范围内收获的注意力，将在很长一段时间内拉动当地的旅游业。
10.British
artist David Watkins designed the medals for the 2012 London Olympics. There is
usually an architectural theme for all Olympic Games and the artists chosen to
design medals must follow the guidelines for the Games。
10. 英国艺术家大卫-沃特金斯为此次2012伦敦奥运会设计了奖牌。通常，每届奥运会会有一个建筑学上的主题。而被挑中的艺术家需以此为方向设计奖牌。
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他们立刻出动去追击敌人。
They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.
没有人可以否认，几百万的私人小企业大大地推动了国家的经济。
No one can deny that millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nation's economy.
Just a couple of days ago, climbers, backed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), returned from the Himalayas, where they gathered first-hand accounts from monks, local people and other travelers on the state of the environment of the world's most famous mountain range. They have recorded in words, in photographs, and on film, the dramatic impacts that global warming is having on glaciers, causing them to rapidly thaw, and build up melt waters in mountain lakes. As a result, these lakes could soon burst, sending millions of tons of water and rubble swirling down the valleys threatening life and limb. // The expedition has also looked at the impacts of tourism on the mountains, concluding that much of what is happening is environmentally damaging, and a burden on the people, wildlife and landscapes of these once pristine wilderness areas. //
Every year World Environment Day is an occasion to pause and reflect on the state of the environment. This year especially, faced with the findings of our climbers, in the International Year of the Mountains, I urge you to "Give Earth a Chance". I ask you to look at our daily impact on the planet and its peoples, and to take action to improve our environmental behavior. //
Although mountains have been revered since time began, such beliefs are no longer enough to preserve fragile mountain ecosystems, for the well-being of all. We face an immense challenge, the challenge of ensuring their stability and preservation for the generations to come. //
Mountains are our water-towers. Mountains are a major source of energy. Mountains feed those living on them. Mountain ecosystems are linked to life in the lowlands, to freshwater and to the seas. Mountains are islands of rich biological and cultural diversity, home to unique plants, animals, languages and traditions. //
Sustainable development is a must. We need to combine the environmental dimension with social activity and economic development. This must be our common target, especially in mountain regions. Without sustainable development we cannot solve the problems. It is not enough to simply say we have a conservation plan for nature, and natural resources. // We must give people a chance to live and survive in these regions, therefore we need jobs; we need a perspective for young people to remain there and not go to the big cities. Mountains are virtual treasure chests of untapped economic potential—vital to sustainable development. This was recognized by the Earth Summit in Rio. //
Mountains attract tourists, but tourism has to be well managed to minimize impact on sensitive mountain environments. Respect should be the byword of the tourists, and tour operators, that bring people into contact with local people and landscapes, //The respect includes paying local people a decent wage, sourcing local food and materials where possible, and observing local customs, beliefs and traditions. Tourists are guests in other peoples' ecosystems and should behave as such. Mountains as a resource HAVE to be valued, and some of that value has to benefit mountain dwellers. Earnings from tourism should be shared equitably between all stakeholders. //
Especially this year, the International Year of Ecotourism, every effort should be made to promote Ecotourism in mountains. For some communities and regions, sustainable tourism can be a first step towards sustainable development. Let us hope that all societies will come to revere mountains, and thus be motivated to invest in them, preserve this unique asset, and in turn reap benefit from it. //
On this World Environment Day let us all begin to act for the conservation not only of the mountains, but the sea, the land, water and the air too. Let us act to give the Earth a chance. An unpolluted pristine environment is vital to our survival, a precious resource, which will only endu
由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回，登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响：冰川迅速融化，化成的水流入山地湖泊中，导致湖水不久将涨满溢出，致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷，从而对人类生命构成威胁。//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响，认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性，同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担，而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。// 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来，对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此；面对我们登山队员的调查结果，在这个国际山岳年里，我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响，并采取行动，改进我们的环境行为。// 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感，但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。// 山是我们的水塔，也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关，同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化，是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。// 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来，特别是在山区，这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展，便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此，我们需要在当地创造就业机会，从而使年青一代有希望能留下来，而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库，储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力，但旅游业必须得到良好的管理，以最大限度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观，尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。//这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资，遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人，因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视，当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。// 今年是国际生态旅游年，大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和地区而言，发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望，所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重，进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产，并从中获益。// 值此世界环境日之际，让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来，给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要，因为只有给地球留有生机，才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。// (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯?特普费尔在2002年6月5日世界环境日上的讲话“给地球一线生机”)
Gypsies are often treated with disapproval, lack of trust, and lack of understanding because their way of life is so different from the way most other British people live.
吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同，所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然，很不信任，而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。
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