翻译技巧:浅析英语长句翻译
发布时间:2020-01-03
翻译考试中长句翻译十分常见,要想获得好成绩,学好相关的翻译技巧必不可少。51题库考试学习网给大家带来了学习方法,希望对大家的学习有所帮助
英语长句是英语语言中较为常见的一种语言现象,这些长句的从句经常又会通过增加引导词的方式,或通过增加句子成分的方式来使整个句子更为错综复杂。是否对英语长句进行准确的翻译直接影响到译文的质量。
一、 英语长句的特点以及英汉语言差异
1、 英语句子一般非常注重结构语法的完整性,从而为了达到完整而明确说明的目的会大量借用各种类型的修饰词和结构。而汉语注重意义,结构松散,很少使用过多连词。
2、 英语句子在语言表达上通常采用被动句式,而汉语句子通常采用主动句式。
3、 英语语言逻辑思维上通常采用先果后因的方式,即往往将已有的判断结论放在事实及原因描述的前面。而汉语多采用先因后果的方式,即将事实和原因放在前面,然后推论出结果。并且两者在修饰语的使用位置上也存在较大差异。
二、 英语长句的翻译技巧和策略
1、 顺序操作
英语中,若长句中的各个句子在逻辑关系、表达顺序上与汉语一致,可以保留原句的句子结构,顺句译出。“断句”是翻译的关键。
例1、 But all I could make use of was all that was valuable: I had enough to eat and supply my wants, and what was all the rest to me? If I killed more flesh than I could eat, the dog must eat it, or vermin; if I sowed more corn than I could eat, it must be spoiled; the trees that I cut down were lying to rot on the ground; I could make no more use of them but for fuel, and that I had no occasion for but to dress my food.
译文:但我只取我所需,只取能为我所用的:有的吃有的用,我还要那些多余的干嘛?如果捕猎过多,我吃不完,只能留给狗吃,或让害虫吃掉;如果种粮过多,我吃不了,只能放着腐烂变臭;如果伐木过多,多余的木材只能扔在地上,任其腐朽,除了当柴火,别无它用,而我也只有做饭时才会烧柴火。
解析:此句的断句刚好是各个分号,容易识别。语言较为简单,顺势翻译即可。
2、 句式重构
句式重构就是根据原文的结构,按照汉语叙事的习惯重新组合句子使得汉语行文更加流畅自然。
例2、 It is impossible to express theflutterings of my very heart when I found all my wealth about me: for as the Brazil ships come all in fleets, the same ships which brought my letters brought my goods: and the effects were safe in the river before the letters came to my hand.
译文: 巴西的船只编队航行,其中一艘船带来了我的信,同时也把我的货物运载过来了:这封信送达我手中之前,财产已经安全抵达里斯本河了。当我知道我的财富近在眼前时,心中一阵阵激动狂喜之情无法言表。
解析:当然此句也可以按照原文的顺序翻译。但是汉语在很多情况下,按照“原因在前,结果在后”或“前提在前,结论在后”的顺序来陈述因果关系的,英语恰恰相反。本句的中调是强调“It is impossible to express the flutterings……”的部分,所以句子结构调整下更为符合汉语的表达。
例3、 Food manufacturers are flooding the UK with new products in response to rising demand from a population hungry for “something different”.
译文:英国人极想“尝鲜“,对新产品的需求与日俱增,针对这种情况,食品生产商们正一个劲儿地向英国市场投放各种新产品。
解析:面对长句,首先应该摸清句子的语义逻辑:a population hungry for “something different”——> in response to rising demand ——>Food manufacturers are flooding the UK with new products。所以应该从后朝前翻译,对句子进行句式重构。
3、 变词为句
英语句子依靠关联词在句子中“穿针引线”,逻辑严密,但结构复杂。汉语大多分成若干简短的句子,逐点交待。英汉翻译时,如含有动宾关系或主谓关系的表达,介词词组,名词词组等以句子形式翻译出。
例4、 Time, however, and the satisfaction I had that I was in no danger of being discovered by these people, vegan to wear off my uneasiness about them.
译文: 然而,随着时间流逝,我深知自己不会被这些人发现,心里感到满足,惶恐不安的情绪也渐渐被驱散了。
解析: 若是直译,可能会译为“然而,时间以及深知不会被这些人发现的满足心理,把我的不安驱散了”,读起来十分拗口。此句把“time”变词为句,变为”随着时间的流逝“。把“the satisfaction……”这句改为主谓结构,增强译文可读性。
英汉翻译过程中需要采取各种翻译技巧和策略。长句的翻译没有放之四海而皆准的方法。翻译是一件非常需要创造性的活动,并不是字字对译或句句对译这样的简单语言转换,但不论运用何种技巧和策略都要有扎实的英汉两种语言的功底。
翻译考试中长句翻译十分常见,要想获得好成绩,学好相关的翻译技巧必不可少。
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下面小编为大家准备了 口译笔译 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
他们立刻出动去追击敌人。
They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.
没有人可以否认,几百万的私人小企业大大地推动了国家的经济。
No one can deny that millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nation's economy.
Thank you, sir. Thank you, Mr. President. It is quite an honor to be introduced by your dad. This has got to be a historic moment: father and son, two Presidents, opening up an embassy. I suspect it's the first, although I must confess I haven't done a lot of research into the itinerary of the Adams boys. //
My dad was a fabulous President. And I tell people one reason why was not only did he know what he was doing, he was a fabulous father. Mr. Ambassador, honored guests, Laura and I, and my brother and my sister, are proud to be here with our dad as we open and dedicate this new embassy. No doubt this is an impressive complex. To me it speaks of the importance of our relations with China. It reflects the solid foundation underpinning our relations. It is a commitment to strengthen that foundation for years to come. //
I thank all those who designed and built the embassy, and all those who work here to advance the interests and values of our great nation. Dad and I are honored that Counselor Dai has joined us; and Minister Xie; Ambassador Zhou—who, by the way, opened a new Chinese embassy in Washington, D. C. , designed by I. M. Pei a couple weeks ago. We appreciate our friend Anne Johnson being here, he is the Director of the Art in Embassies Program. Dr. Kissinger, thanks for coming. //
It takes a special band to open the embassy—out of West Texas—Odessa, Texas, for that matter, the Gatlin boys are with us today. I thank the Red Poppies, thank you for your talent. And finally, I want to pay tribute to Sandy Randt, who has done a fabulous job as our Ambassador to China. Sandy, thank you and We're proud to be here with those citizens of ours who work at the embassies, and we say thanks to the Chinese nationals who make our embassy go, as well. //
I'm honored to represent the United States at the Opening Ceremonies of the Olympic Games here in Beijing. And I'm looking forward to cheering our athletes on. Mr. Ambassador, I'm not making any predictions about medal counts, but I can tell you the U.S. athletes are ready to come and compete, in the spirit of friendship. You know, during my last visit here I had the opportunity to break in the mountain biking course. I was so proud of my efforts, I told Laura I was thinking about entering the competition myself. She reminded me they don't give any medals for last place. //
Tonight the Olympic torch will light the home of an ancient civilization with a grand history. Thousands of years ago, the Chinese people developed a common language and unified a great nation. China became the center for art and literature, commerce and philosophy. China advanced the frontiers of knowledge in medicine, astronomy, navigation, engineering, and many other fields. And the Chinese are even said to have invented the parachute—something for which the 41st President is very grateful. //
We share a long history. The first American ship arrived in China just after the year we won our independence. World War Ⅱ, Americans and Chinese fought side by side to liberate this land from Imperial Japan. We all remember very clearly, Dr. K, when President Nixon came to Beijing to begin a new era of dialogue between our nations. You might remember that yourself. //
Today the United States and China have built a strong relationship, rooted in common interests. China has opened its economy and begun to unleash the entrepreneurial spirit of its people. America will continue to support China on the path toward a free economy. We're also cooperating to fight pandemic diseases and respond to natural disasters. And through the Six-Party Talks, we're working together to ensure that the Korean Peninsula is free of nuclear weapons. //
The relationship between our nations is constructive and cooperative and candid. We'll continue to be candid about our mutual global responsibilities. We
谢谢您,先生。谢谢,总统先生。让自己的父亲给自己做介绍是件非常荣幸的事。这一定是个历史性时刻:父亲和儿子,两位总统,为大使馆主持开馆仪式,我想这是头一遭,当然,我得承认我对亚当斯父子的游记没有进行过大量研究。// 我父亲是一位了不起的总统。我对人讲,其中一个原因是他不仅是位好总统,而且还是一位了不起的父亲。大使先生,贵宾们,劳拉和我、我的弟弟和妹妹,都为能够同父亲一道在这里主持这座新使馆启用仪式感到自豪毫无疑问,这座新馆令人赞叹。对我来说,它表明了我们与中国关系的重要性,它反映了我们的关系建立在坚实牢固的基础之上,它是在未来许多年里加强这一基础的承诺。// 我感谢所有参与设计和建造这座使馆的人员以及所有在这里为推进我们伟大祖国的利益和价值观而努力工作的人。父亲和我对戴秉国国务委员、谢部长和周大使的光临感到荣幸。顺便说一句,一个多星期前周大使在华盛顿特区主持了由贝聿铭设计的中国大使馆新馆开馆仪式。感谢我们的朋友、使馆项目艺术部主任安妮?约翰逊出席仪式。感谢基辛格博士,谢谢您光临。// 庆祝大使馆开馆要有一支特殊的乐队才行——来自得克萨斯州西部奥德萨的加特林兄弟今天就在这里。我感谢红罂粟,感谢你们的天才演出。最后,我要向业绩不凡的我国驻中国大使桑迪?雷德致敬。桑迪,谢谢您,还有我们为能与在大使馆工作的我国公民在一起而感到自豪,我们也向使我国使馆能够顺利运转的中国公民表示感谢。// 我很荣幸能有机会代表美国在北京参加奥运会开幕式。我期待着为我们的运动员摇旗助威。大使先生,我不会对奖牌数字作任何预测,但是我可以告诉你们,美国运动员已经作好准备,本着友谊的精神参加竞赛。大家知道,在上次访问中国的时候,我有机会在新建的车道上练习山地自行车。我对自己的努力感到十分自豪,我对劳拉说,我在考虑亲自参加奥运比赛。她提醒我说,他们不会给比赛的最后一名颁发任何奖章。// 今晚,奥林匹克的火炬将点燃这个具有辉煌历史的文明古国。数千年前,中国人民就发明了共同的文字,统一了一个伟大的国家。中国当时成为艺术与文学、商业与哲学的中心。中国推动了医学、天文学、航海学、工程学及许多其他领域的发展。据说中国人还发明了降落伞——这是一项使第41位美国总统十分感激的发明。// 我们共同见证了悠久的历史。就在我们刚赢得独立后的第二年,第一艘美国轮船驶抵中国。第二次世界大战期间,美国人和中国人并肩战斗,把这片土地从日本帝国的统治下解放出来。基辛格博士,尼克松总统当年来到北京开辟两国对话的新纪元,我们对此都记忆犹新。您自己可能也记得这件事吧。// 今天,美国与中国已建立起植根于共同利益的牢固关系。中国已实行经济开放,并开始发挥出中国人民的进取精神。美国将继续支持中国在自由经济的道路上前进。我们还在防治流行性疾病和抗击自然灾害方面进行合作 通过六方会谈,我们共同致力于确保朝鲜半岛无核化。// 我们两国之间的关系是具有建设性、合作而坦诚的。在我们各自承担的全球责任方面,我们将继续坦诚相见我们必须共同努力保护环境并帮助发展中国家的人民;继续坦率地表明我们的信念——既每一个人都应该享有发表言论和宗教信仰的自由。我们深信,允许自由表达思想的社会往往最繁荣也最和平。// 坦率是最有效的,它在建立起尊重与信任关系的国家之间最为有效。我一直努力建立这种尊重与信任。我向努力建立这种尊重与信任的中国领导人表示感谢。我也向今天在场的使馆人员致谢,你们正在做着同样的努力。在这里工作的人为国效力,做出了奉献。为美国效力是一项崇高的工作。我希望你们感到这是一项有所收获的工作。很荣幸与各位相聚。我为有幸主持这座大使馆的新馆开馆仪式而心存感激。我期待着去看奥运比赛。上帝保佑。// (节选自美国前总统在美国驻中国大使馆新馆开馆仪式上的讲话)
Gypsies are often treated with disapproval, lack of trust, and lack of understanding because their way of life is so different from the way most other British people live.
吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同,所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然,很不信任,而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。
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