2019年MBA考试《英语》章节练习(2019-10-28)

发布时间：2019-10-28

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2019年MBA考试《英语》考试共48题，分为英译汉和写作和完形填空和阅读理解A和阅读理解B。小编为您整理第六章 短文翻译5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、

    An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A U.S. executive tells his staff he's going to treat them fairly—and creates dissension. A Japanese manager is promoted by his American president, but within six months asks for a transfer. Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management. 

    "Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they're finally looking at culture", says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc. "Never show the shoe to an Arab, never arrive in time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don't think ‘yes' means ‘yes'," advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social "do's" and "don'ts" is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.

【英译汉】

答案解析:       一个亚洲工程师被派到美国的实验室后精神几乎崩溃。一个美国经理告诉他的员工自己将公平对待他们，而这却导致了冲突。一个日本经理获得了美国总裁的提升，但不到六个月就要求调任。这些实际生活中的例子涉及到了那些被认为是高级雇员的人，这些人没有准备好去处理跨文化管理中的复杂性及危险性。
       总部位于加利福尼亚的IRI国际公司创始人兼总裁Clifford Clarke指出，国际化公司已研究了其他方面，现在他们终于开始正视文化方面了。美国顾问Lennie Copland和Lewis Brown Griggs建议：决不要向阿拉伯人展示鞋，在巴西参加聚会决不要按时到，在日本不要认为yes就是同意。这些顾问拍摄了一系列短片，并写了一本书以帮助经理们提高他们的国际化经营管理技能。据新文化专家说，仅仅学习社交场合中“应该做什么”和“不应该做什么”不是解决之道。他们指出忽视不同的思维方式，惩罚后果会很严重。

2、

    120 presidents and prime ministers will gather in New York for a UN conference on climate change. It is the first time the subject has brought so many leaders together since the ill-fated Copenhagen summit of 2009. Now, as then, they will assert that reining in global warming is a political priority. Some may commit their governments to policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

    According to scientists, cutting carbon-dioxide emission is an essential part of reducing catastrophic risk from climate change. Yet governments are persistently reluctant to provide estimates of how much carbon a policy saves. That may because, in countries where climate change is controversial, it makes more sense to talk about the other benefits a scheme offers rather than its effect on carbon. Or it may be that, in countries which are enthusiastic about renewable energy, pointing out that it may not save that much carbon is seen as unhelpful. Or perhaps governments think climate change is so serious that all measures must be taken, regardless of cost.

【英译汉】

答案解析:

       据报道120多位国家总统和首相将会汇聚纽约，出席联合国气候变化大会。这是自2009年一无所获的哥本哈根气候大会之后，多国元首第一次为了此项议题聚会。就像当时一样，他们如今也一致认为控制全球变暖是政治的头等大事。一些国家元首可能会承诺实行以削减温室气体排放为目标的相关政策。

       科学家认为，减少二氧化碳排放量是降低气候变化导致的灾难风险必不可少的一步。但是，各国政府始终都不愿就其政策可减少的碳排放量问题给出预估。这也许是因为，在某些国家，气候变化问题仍然存在争议，这样，对政府而言，展示其政策的其他收效而非减排更有意义；有些国家热衷于再生能源，指出政府政策未能完成减排量也于事无补；有些国家认为气候变化问题非常严重，应该不惜代价，采取措施（应对）。

3、

   Think this way, it’s your inability to resist cheesecake that’s making it tough to fit into your skinny jeans? Well, a new study shows your bacteria may share some of the blame. 

    Because the new study in mice reveals that the response of intestinal microbes to a high-fat diet ends up triggering the release of a hormone that makes mammals feel hungry, causing them to eat even more. The finding is served up in the journal Nature.

    Previous work has shown that the types of bacteria in the gut in diabetic or obese individuals are different from the bacteria in healthy people. But does this bacterial makeup contribute to these disorders? Or is it just a side effect?

    To unravel this mystery, researchers put mice on a high-fat diet. As a result, the animals experienced a buildup of a chemical called acetate (醋酸盐), particularly in the large intestine(肠).

【英译汉】

答案解析:      设想一下，你很难穿上紧身牛仔裤是因为你无法抗拒奶酪蛋糕吗？其实，你体内的细菌可能要承担部分责任。
      一项在小鼠身上进行的新研究表明，肠道细菌对高脂肪饮食的反应会最终引发荷尔蒙的释放，使哺乳动物感到饥饿，吃的更多。该项发现已经刊登在《自然》杂志上。
      此前的研究表明，糖尿病患者或者肥胖群体肠道中的细菌类型与健康人的不同。但是这种细菌组成会导致这些疾病吗？还是只是一种副作用？
      为了解开这个谜团，研究人员让小鼠施用高脂肪饮食，结果发现醋酸酯这种化学物质在这些动物体内，特别是在大肠中，积累起来。

4、    An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is，no one knows which half. In the Internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for，click on and say online, companies can aim "behavioural" ads at those most likely to buy.
    In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? 
    In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track" (DNT) option to Internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.【英译汉】

答案解析:       常言道：广告预算的一半都会被浪费掉——问题是，大家都不知道是哪一半。在网络时代，这部分浪费可被大幅减少，至少从理论上讲是这样。商家可以通过观察用户搜索的内容、点击的链接以及在线的留言，将“行为”广告有针对性地投送到那些最有可能购买的人群。
      在过去的两周，一场争论表明了这种精准信息对广告商的价值：广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并接受行为广告，还是应先得到用户的明确许可？
      2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会提议在互联网浏览器上添加“禁止追踪”选项，这样用户就可以告知广告商他们不想被追踪。今年2月，美国联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟一致同意：该行业应尽快对增设“禁止追踪”的要求做出回应。

5、    Climate change is a global issue of common concern to the international community. In recent years, worldwide heat waves, droughts, floods and other extreme climate events have occurred frequently, making the impact of climate change increasingly prominent. It has become a main world trend that all countries join hands to respond to climate change and promote green and low-carbon development.
    China is the world's largest developing country, with a large population, insufficient energy resources, complex climate and fragile eco-environment. It has not yet completed the historical task of industrialization and urbanization and its development is unbalanced. China's per-capita GDP in 2010 was only a little more than RMB 29,000. By the UN standard, China still has a poverty-stricken population of over 100 million, thus it faces an extremely arduous task in developing its economy, eliminating poverty and improving the people's livelihood. In the meantime, China is one of the countries most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. 【英译汉】

答案解析:       对于国际社会来讲，气候变化是个普遍关注的全球性问题。近年来，全球性热浪、干旱、洪水以及其他极端气候事件频频发生，使得气候变化的影响变得越来越突出。世界各国携手共同应对气候变化并促进绿色与低碳事业发展，已成为世界上的一个主流趋势。
       中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口众多，能源不足，气候复杂，生态环境脆弱。迄今尚未完成工业化与城市化的历史任务，并且发展也不均衡。中国在2010年的人均GDP仅仅是2万9千多人民币。根据联合国的贫困标准，中国仍有1亿多的贫困人口，因此，中国在发展经济、消除贫困以及改善民生方面面临的任务极为艰巨。同时，中国还是最容易遭受气候变化负作用影响的国家之一。

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下面小编为大家准备了 MBA考试 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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