考前冲刺：2021年考研《英语一》模拟试题(2020-10-19)

发布时间：2020-10-19

目前，2021年考研初试备考时间已不足三个月，不知各位小伙伴复习的如何了？在最后阶段，我们最需要做的是了解考试，而试题练习无疑是非常不错的方法。为了帮助大家备考，51题库考试学习网在下面为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题，一起练起来吧。

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Transporting large containers is not as glamorous as making films, but shipping is doing more than Hollywood to boost southern California\\'s economy these days. The nearby ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, already the two biggest in the country, are growing quickly thanks to trade with China. They are a giant job-creating engine, stimulating industrial and warehouse employment on a scale not seen in the region since the rise of the aerospace industry after the Second World War. Sadly, like most engines, they are filthy.

The ports themselves reckon they are responsible for about 12% of all the diesel particle emissions and 45% of the sulphur oxides (硫的 氧化物) in southern California. Carried east by prevailing winds, such pollutants help to create some of America\\'s worst air more than 50 miles inland. Those who live close to the freeways leading out of the ports suffer the most. Researchers have found that children living within a few hundred meters of such roads are not only more likely to suffer from asthma, a disease of the breathing system and characterized by sudden recurring attacks of labored breathing, and coughing. They actually have smaller lungs.

The most ambitious effort to control pollution, and the one that may affect the local economy most drastically, involves truckers. Some 16,000 lorries currently haul containers between ships and warehouses, most of whom are owned by Hispanic immigrants. The drivers put in long hours: 13 a day is not unusual, according to a survey. They earn, on average, just under $35,000 a year. Such jobs, like many connected to the port, are an important stepping-stone on the path to the middle class.

The ports want to remove the oldest trucks and gradually upgrade the others so that, within five years, the fleet emits four-fifths less pollution than at present. To help pay for this, they intend to levy (征收-) a fee of $34 to $54 on every “dirty” vehicle entering the port. Most important, they want to turn a large, unwieldy network of independent contractors into a more orderly group of companies, as happens in an airport. “We need to have more control,” explains Geraldine Knatz, the head of Los Angeles\\' port.

The reforms do nonetheless pose a threat to the ports\\' competitiveness. At present, the truckers who work at the docks are price-takers, not price-setters. Because they are self-employed, they are almost impossible to unionize, and consequently have little bargaining power. All that could quite easily change if they were to become the employees of a few large firms. Indeed, the most enthusiastic welcome for the ports\\' plans has come not from environmental groups but from the Teamsters\\' union.

31.What is the passage mainly about?

[A]The consequences of shipping industry in southern California.

[B]The causes of pollution along the coast of southern California.

[C]The pollution problem of the shipping industry in southern California.

[D]The role of shipping industry in southern California\\'s economy.

32.The author mentions the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to ______.

[A]prove they are the largest ports in the United States

[B]demonstrate they create many new job opportunities

[C]highlight that shipping is less glamorous than making movies

[D]emphasize the role of shipping in southern California\\'s economy

33.We can infer from the passage that ______.

[A]Hollywood hardly improves southern California\\'s economy

[B]the shipping industry there is as dirty as other industries

[C]people living near these ports suffer the most

[D]the polluted air may cause both asthma and smaller lungs

34.According to the passage, the most ambitious effort to control pollution ______.

[A]could help improve the local economy

[B]will be financially supported by the truckers

[C]may depend on independent contractors

[D]will upgrade all the trucks to reduce pollution

35.The reforms threaten the port\\'s competitiveness in that ______.

[A]the truckers\\' unionization would raise the cost of the ports

[B]truckers working at the docks are price-takers

[C]the Teamsters\\' union would have little bargaining power

[D]environmental groups are not enthusiastic about the plans

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒：目前2021年考研大纲已经公布，小伙伴们在复习时要注意以大纲为准哦。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问，也可以留言咨询哦。

下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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女性，42岁，因“急性重症胰腺炎”入院。2天来经保守治疗，发热及腹痛略好转

该患者出现低氧血症最主要的机制是

A.通气血流比例失衡 B.肺泡通气量下降 C.弥散功能障碍 D.肺内分流

答案：D

解析：

①急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS)是因肺实质发生急性弥漫性损伤而导

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简述新古典宏观经济学与新凯恩斯主义宏观经济学的分歧，并加以评价

答案：

解析：

新古典宏观经济学和新凯恩斯主义经济学是目前西方宏观经济学中两个较有影响的理论流派。两者的主要分歧在于： (1)在基本假设方面，新古典宏观经济学与新凯恩斯主义经济学最明显的分歧是，前者坚持市场出清假设，而后者则坚持非市场出清假设。新古典宏观经济学家认为，工资和价格具有充分的伸缩性，可以迅速调整，通过工资价格的不断调整，使供给量与需求量相等，市场连续地处于均衡之中，即被连续出清。因此，新古典宏观经济学把表示供给量和需求量相等的均衡看作为经常可以得到的情形。与此相反，新凯恩斯主义则认为，当经济出现需求扰动时，工资和价格不能迅速调整到使市场出清，缓慢的工资和价格调整使经济回到实际产量等于正常产量的状态需要一个很长的过程，例如，需要几年的时间，而在这一过程中，经济处于供求不等的非均衡状态。 (2)在解释经济波动方面，新古典宏观经济学与新凯恩斯主义经济学的分歧是，前者试图用实际因素从供给扰动方面解释宏观经济波动，后者则用货币因素从需求方面解释宏观经济波动。在新古典宏观经济学看来，引起经济波动的实际因素很多，其中技术是一个重要的因素。在人口和劳动力固定的情况下，一个经济社会中所生产的实际收入便取决于技术和资本存量。换句话说，这时总量生产函数取决于表示技术状况的变量z和资本存量k，即y=zf（k）。如果假定资本折旧率为6，则在所考察时期的期末，经济中的可供利用资源为当期的产量加上没有折旧的资本存量，即总资源函数为zf（k）+(1 -δ)k。假定总资源只有两个用途：消费和积累，如果由于技术进步，使：值增加，则生产函数和总资源函数向上移动，则原有的资本存量、产量和总资源都会相应地增加，从而使下期的消费和资本积累也相应地增加。如果经济社会选择新的资本存量，则资本存量的增加又会使实际收入进一步增加。如果没有进一步的技术变化，则经济随着总资源的增加，会扩张直到达到新的状态上。这便是新古典宏观经济学对经济波动的解释。 新凯恩斯主义对宏观经济波动的解释较为复杂。为节省篇幅，这里只说明其基本思路。首先，新凯恩斯主义为了与非市场出清的假设相一致，建立了解释工资和价格黏性的各种理论，其中包括长期劳动合同论。其次，新凯恩斯主义导出了短期总供给曲线。最后，利用短期总供给曲线，新凯恩斯主义通过考察经济遭受总需求冲击后恢复到正常状态的过程，说明经济经历了一次波动（衰退或高涨状态）。 (3)在政策主张上，新凯恩斯主义认为，由于价格和工资的黏性，经济在遭受到总需求冲击之后，从一个非充分就业的均衡恢复到充分就业均衡状态是一个缓慢的过程，因而刺激总需求是必要的。所以，为了避免较长时期的非充分就业持续出现，凯恩斯主义的需求政策仍然是有效力的。新古典主义宏观经济学中一个不变的主题是反对政府干预。早期的理性预期学派就曾断言，由于人们的合理预期，规则的政策对产量变动是无效的。因而，为了避免因政策的突然变动引起的经济波动，政府应按稳定的政策规则行事。

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结合材料，政府可以在农业领域实施什么样的政策保证农业生产活动的进行。

答案：

解析：

（2）政府为保证农业生产活动的进行可以实施的政策 由于农产品是缺乏弹性的商品，农产品的丰收反而会降低农民的收入，这会降低农民生产的积极性，因此政府需要采取措施保证农民的收入，具体来说，可以采取以下两个措施： ①政府保护价收购。即在农业丰收时，为了避免价格大幅度下降，政府设定农产品收购保护价，这就保证了农民可以以较高的价格出售农产品，从而使得农产品丰收时农民也可以获得更高的收入，保证了农民生产的积极性。 ②对农业生产进行补贴。政府可以采取直接补贴的形式，对进行农业生产的农民进行财政补贴，这种补贴实质上降低了农业生产的成本。农民不会因为农产品丰收而收入减少，这保证了农民生产的积极性。

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