复习必看：考研初试英语历年真题(2021-09-10)

发布时间：2021-09-10

2022年考研初试备考时间已经不多，相信大家都已经进入最后的复习阶段。在最后阶段，适当的真题练习也是非常重要的。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试英语分析题的部分历年真题，赶紧练起来。

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.

In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.

And quilt , by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.

Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychology professor at the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.

In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones share more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.

“That’s good news,” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”

21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.

A. regulate a child’s basic emotions

B. improve a child’s intellectual ability

C. foster a child’s moral development

D. intensify a child’s positive feelings

22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _______.

A. deceptive

B. burdensome

C. addictive

D. inexcusable

23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.

A. emotions are context-independent

B. emotions are socially constructive

C. emotional stability can benefit health

D. an emotion can play opposing roles

24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.

A. may help correct emotional deficiencies

B. can result from either sympathy or guilt

C. can bring about emotional satisfaction

D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts

25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _______.

A. teachings

B. discussions

C. restrictions

D. wrongdoings

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部信息，希望能给大家一些帮助。在最后阶段，小伙伴们要注意调整自己的心态，以良好的心态去迎接考试哦。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问，也可以留言咨询。

下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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