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Passage 1 What is the substance of discovery? Can we obtain the experience of 1 who discover and make their work generally 2 or must each generation of scientists and inventors 3 again? Why do some scientists burn out 4 young while others remain creative 5 old age? Why are so many discoveries and inventions 6 by those who work in poorly funded institutions? 7 scientists have no idea how they do science 8 historians of science have no idea how scientists do science, then who does? The strange thing is that we 9 as if discovery were the inevitable by-product 10_well-organized research programs and as if the 11 management techniques appropriate to 12 bridges, motorways and power stations were 13 to the generation of new ideas. We 14 of cost-effective science and of 15 resources into centers of excellence. By 16 such ideas to their conclusion, however, we 17 reduce the gene bank of cultural diversity to such a（n） 18 that we would produce only scientific clones-specialist technicians at 19 -whose imaginative powers, never awaked. 20 , planned research is essential, and scared resources need saving but, since science is essentially a journey into the unknown, there must be a place for occasional detours to examine the unexpected.1. A. them B. which C. those D. people2. A. available B. free C. open D. convenient3. A. absorb B. learn C. practice D. understand4. A. at B. by C. from D. when5. A. into B. as C. even if D. though6. A. collected B. made C. caused D. produced7. A. when B. Since C. If D. As8. A. yet B. but C. also D. and9. A. act B. function C. appear D. perform10. A. in B. by C. of D. for11. A. aim B. project C. assignment D. activity12. A. build B. building C. building of D. the building13. A. applicable B. right C. accurate D. just14. A. consider B. argue C. talk D. examine15. A. fastening B. making C. fixing D. concentrating16. A. observing B. chasing C. following D. obeying17. A. might B. must C. should D. can18. A. range B. spread C. stretch D. extent19. A. last B. large C. best D. length20. A. However B. Of course C. In addition D. Besides
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更多 “问答题Passage 1 What is the substance of discovery? Can we obtain the experience of 1 who discover and make their work generally 2 or must each generation of scientists and inventors 3 again? Why do some scientists burn out 4 young while others remain creative 5 old age? Why are so many discoveries and inventions 6 by those who work in poorly funded institutions? 7 scientists have no idea how they do science 8 historians of science have no idea how scientists do science, then who does? The strange thing is that we 9 as if discovery were the inevitable by-product 10_well-organized research programs and as if the 11 management techniques appropriate to 12 bridges, motorways and power stations were 13 to the generation of new ideas. We 14 of cost-effective science and of 15 resources into centers of excellence. By 16 such ideas to their conclusion, however, we 17 reduce the gene bank of cultural diversity to such a（n） 18 that we would produce only scientific clones-specialist technicians at 19 -whose imaginative powers, never awaked. 20 , planned research is essential, and scared resources need saving but, since science is essentially a journey into the unknown, there must be a place for occasional detours to examine the unexpected.1. A. them B. which C. those D. people2. A. available B. free C. open D. convenient3. A. absorb B. learn C. practice D. understand4. A. at B. by C. from D. when5. A. into B. as C. even if D. though6. A. collected B. made C. caused D. produced7. A. when B. Since C. If D. As8. A. yet B. but C. also D. and9. A. act B. function C. appear D. perform10. A. in B. by C. of D. for11. A. aim B. project C. assignment D. activity12. A. build B. building C. building of D. the building13. A. applicable B. right C. accurate D. just14. A. consider B. argue C. talk D. examine15. A. fastening B. making C. fixing D. concentrating16. A. observing B. chasing C. following D. obeying17. A. might B. must C. should D. can18. A. range B. spread C. stretch D. extent19. A. last B. large C. best D. length20. A. However B. Of course C. In addition D. Besides” 相关考题
考题
The main idea of this passage is ______.A. many animals die during hibernationB. hibernation protects animals during the wintertimeC. scientists feel puzzled about hibernationD. some bats hibernate and others do not
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This is not the world we know. This world is controlled by computers. Men and women can be seen, but they are following the orders given to them by machines. The machines were designed by mad scientists, but at some point even the mad scientists were taken over by their super-inventions.Does this sound familiar? You have probably read something like it in magazines or books, or seen it in a film. Why is it so popular? One of the reasons is that it reflects the fears of many people; fear of the unknown fear of what is not understood or, at least, fear of something that is not completely understood.The fact is that every day it seems that computers take control of another area of our lives. Somefactory jobs are now done by robots and the robots are controlled by computers. Our bank accounts are managed by computers. At the airport, our tickets are sold by a computer. Certainly, many of these operations are made moreefficient by computers, but our admiration is sometimes mixed with unsafe feelings. And this lack of safety is caused by the fact that we do not know how computers do these things, and we really don't know what they might do next. But we can find out how computers work, and once we understand them, we can use computers instead of worrying about being used by them. Today, there is a new generation of computer wizards who know exactly how computers get things done. These young men and women, usually university students, are happy to sit for hours, sometimes for days, designing programs, not eating, not sleeping, but discovering what can be done by these wonderful slaves which they have learned to control. These computer wizards have learned to use the computer and search for new tasks for their machines.(1)、According to the passage, our present world is under the control of ______ .A：mad scientistsB：men and womenC：the unknown fearD：some super-inventions(2)、The reason why many people are afraid of computers is that ______ .A：they don't know anything about computersB：they haven't really understood computersC：there are so many computer gamesD：computers are often down(3)、The author mentions computer wizards in order to point out that ______ .A：computers can be controlled by manB：there should be more people devoted to computersC：only young people are interested in computersD：more time and energy is required to control computers(4)、This passage is probably written to suggest that ______ .A：some day computers can deal with all human problemsB：computers can be used in place of traveling to our jobsC：people should not fear computersD：computer technology will not meet people's needs in various situations(5)、The author's attitude towards widely used computers is __.A：positiveB：anxiousC：worriedD：serious
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根据下列材料，请回答 31～35 题：In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform. a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”第 31 题 According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.
考题
what will Dorothy do on the weeked?A．go out with her friendB．work on her paperC．make some plans
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Text 3 In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.But in the everyday practice of science,discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective,but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience,what we think our experiences mean,and the subsequent actions we take.Opportunities for misinterpretation,error,and self-deception abound.Consequently,discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience.Similar to newly staked mining claims,they are full of potential.But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me,here,now becomes the community’s anyone,anywhere,anytime.Objective knowledge is the goal,not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public,the discoverer receives intellectual credit.But,unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next.Within the complex social structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries;editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process;other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes;and finally,the public（including other scientists）receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.As a discovery claim works it through the community,the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First,scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.The goal is new-search,not re-search.Not surprisingly,newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.Second,novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as“seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views.Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end,credibility“happens”to a discovery claim–a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.“We reason together,challenge,revise,and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after itA.has attracted the attention of the general public.
B.has been examined by the scientific community.
C.has received recognition from editors and reviewers.
D.has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.
考题
Text 3 In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.But in the everyday practice of science,discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective,but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience,what we think our experiences mean,and the subsequent actions we take.Opportunities for misinterpretation,error,and self-deception abound.Consequently,discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience.Similar to newly staked mining claims,they are full of potential.But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me,here,now becomes the community’s anyone,anywhere,anytime.Objective knowledge is the goal,not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public,the discoverer receives intellectual credit.But,unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next.Within the complex social structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries;editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process;other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes;and finally,the public（including other scientists）receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.As a discovery claim works it through the community,the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First,scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.The goal is new-search,not re-search.Not surprisingly,newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.Second,novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as“seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views.Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end,credibility“happens”to a discovery claim–a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.“We reason together,challenge,revise,and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?A.Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.
B.Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.
C.Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.
D.Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.
考题
Text 3 In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.But in the everyday practice of science,discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective,but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience,what we think our experiences mean,and the subsequent actions we take.Opportunities for misinterpretation,error,and self-deception abound.Consequently,discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience.Similar to newly staked mining claims,they are full of potential.But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me,here,now becomes the community’s anyone,anywhere,anytime.Objective knowledge is the goal,not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public,the discoverer receives intellectual credit.But,unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next.Within the complex social structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries;editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process;other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes;and finally,the public（including other scientists）receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.As a discovery claim works it through the community,the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First,scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.The goal is new-search,not re-search.Not surprisingly,newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.Second,novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as“seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views.Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end,credibility“happens”to a discovery claim–a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.“We reason together,challenge,revise,and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requiresA.strict inspection.
B.shared efforts.
C.individual wisdom.
D.persistent innovation.
考题
Text 3 In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.But in the everyday practice of science,discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective,but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience,what we think our experiences mean,and the subsequent actions we take.Opportunities for misinterpretation,error,and self-deception abound.Consequently,discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience.Similar to newly staked mining claims,they are full of potential.But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me,here,now becomes the community’s anyone,anywhere,anytime.Objective knowledge is the goal,not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public,the discoverer receives intellectual credit.But,unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next.Within the complex social structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries;editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process;other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes;and finally,the public（including other scientists）receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.As a discovery claim works it through the community,the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First,scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.The goal is new-search,not re-search.Not surprisingly,newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.Second,novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as“seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views.Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end,credibility“happens”to a discovery claim–a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.“We reason together,challenge,revise,and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”34.Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi would most likely agree thatA.scientific claims will survive challenges.
B.discoveries today inspire future research.
C.efforts to make discoveries are justified.
D.scientific work calls for a critical mind.
考题
Can animals be made to work for us?Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.
They point out that at a circus,for example,we may see elephants,monkeys,dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things．Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film．If you watch closely,you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a piece of candy or a piece of fruit as a reward．The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get a reward for doing them.
Of course,as we know,dogs can be used to guard a house,and soldiers in both old and modem times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes near．But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories．In Russia,for example,pigeons which are birds with good eyesight,are being used to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are being made in one factory．When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others,it touches a steel plate with its beak．This turns on a light to warn people in the factory．At the same time a few seeds are given as a reward．It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon can inspect 3 000 to 4 000 balls an hour.
Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars,and scientists believe that these large monkeys may be one day gather crops and even drive trains.
What made scientists think animal can be made to work for us one day?A.Animals are very skillful at a circu
B.They are big and stron
C.Some animals are as clever as human being
D.Animals can be trained because they like to get something as a rewar
考题
Can animals be made to work for us?Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.
They point out that at a circus,for example,we may see elephants,monkeys,dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things．Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film．If you watch closely,you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a piece of candy or a piece of fruit as a reward．The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get a reward for doing them.
Of course,as we know,dogs can be used to guard a house,and soldiers in both old and modem times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes near．But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories．In Russia,for example,pigeons which are birds with good eyesight,are being used to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are being made in one factory．When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others,it touches a steel plate with its beak．This turns on a light to warn people in the factory．At the same time a few seeds are given as a reward．It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon can inspect 3 000 to 4 000 balls an hour.
Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars,and scientists believe that these large monkeys may be one day gather crops and even drive trains.
Which of the following is not true?A.Scientists consider apes may drive trains some da
B.Apes have worked in some factorie
C.Apes may one day be used to gather crop
D.An ape is not a large monke
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Unlocking the Human Genome（基因组）1 A project to unlock secrets一what scientist could resist that challenge?This is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project.The aim of the project is to decode（破译）all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body. Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding.2 DNA is the substance found in the chromosomes（染色体）of a cell. A chromosome is a chain of genes.Each gene carries a piece of genetic information.At any one moment in a cell, thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins（蛋白质）.The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production.At some point this decoding will be complete.Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome,or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being.The ideal genome is called a consensus（交感）genome. Everything works well in a consensus genome.3 But no one in the world has a consensus genome.Everyone's genome is different from the ideal. These differences are referred to as genetic mutations（突变）.Genetic mutations in a person's genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems.Some problems are not life-threatening.These would include things like colorblindness,or mild headaches.Other problems are serious,such as heart disease,or cancer.4 It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100,000 genes.The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime.The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer,healthier life.Paragraph 2_________A:How does DNA work?B:What is the Human Genome Project about?C:How are the DNA samples collected?D:What are the goals of the Human Genome Project?E:What is the role of each gene?F:What are the consequences of genetic mutations?
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Verity Allen's New Show on Colors1 Different colors can affect us in many different ways;that's according to Verity Allen.In her new se- ries'Color me Healthy',Verity looks at the ways that colors can influence how hard we work and thechoices we make.They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we arc.2 "Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colors for the same things?" says Verity."Ourtoothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red.It'g never green.Why not?For some reason we think that blue and white is clean,while we think of green products as being a bit disgusting. It's the same for businesses.We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black,but we don't respect one that uses pink or orange.People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy."3 During this four-pait series,Verity studies eight different colors,two colors in each program.Shemeets people who work in all teipects of the color industry,from people who design food packets to people who name the colors of lipsticks.4 Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to support their ideas,such as the American"Color Doctor"who believes that serious diseases can be cured by,he use of colored lights. However,she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice,withsome surprising results.5 Overall,it's an interesting show,and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new.But because Verity goes out of her way to be polite to everyone she meets on the series,it's up to the viewers to make their own decisions about how much they should believe.Paragraph 5_______________A:The Same Colors for the Same ThingsB:Scientists' Surprising ResultsC:Verity's View on the Influence of ColorsD:Knowledge of the Interviewees on ColorsE:Studies in Verity's SeriesF:The Author 's Opinion About Verity's Shows
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Verity Allen's New Show on Colors1 Different colors can affect us in many different ways;that's according to Verity Allen.In her new se- ries'Color me Healthy',Verity looks at the ways that colors can influence how hard we work and thechoices we make.They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we arc.2 "Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colors for the same things?" says Verity."Ourtoothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red.It'g never green.Why not?For some reason we think that blue and white is clean,while we think of green products as being a bit disgusting. It's the same for businesses.We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black,but we don't respect one that uses pink or orange.People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy."3 During this four-pait series,Verity studies eight different colors,two colors in each program.Shemeets people who work in all teipects of the color industry,from people who design food packets to people who name the colors of lipsticks.4 Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to support their ideas,such as the American"Color Doctor"who believes that serious diseases can be cured by,he use of colored lights. However,she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice,withsome surprising results.5 Overall,it's an interesting show,and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new.But because Verity goes out of her way to be polite to everyone she meets on the series,it's up to the viewers to make their own decisions about how much they should believe.Paragraph 2______________A:The Same Colors for the Same ThingsB:Scientists' Surprising ResultsC:Verity's View on the Influence of ColorsD:Knowledge of the Interviewees on ColorsE:Studies in Verity's SeriesF:The Author 's Opinion About Verity's Shows
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Unlocking the Human Genome（基因组）1 A project to unlock secrets一what scientist could resist that challenge?This is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project.The aim of the project is to decode（破译）all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body. Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding.2 DNA is the substance found in the chromosomes（染色体）of a cell. A chromosome is a chain of genes.Each gene carries a piece of genetic information.At any one moment in a cell, thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins（蛋白质）.The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production.At some point this decoding will be complete.Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome,or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being.The ideal genome is called a consensus（交感）genome. Everything works well in a consensus genome.3 But no one in the world has a consensus genome.Everyone's genome is different from the ideal. These differences are referred to as genetic mutations（突变）.Genetic mutations in a person's genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems.Some problems are not life-threatening.These would include things like colorblindness,or mild headaches.Other problems are serious,such as heart disease,or cancer.4 It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100,000 genes.The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime.The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer,healthier life.Paragraph 3_________A:How does DNA work?B:What is the Human Genome Project about?C:How are the DNA samples collected?D:What are the goals of the Human Genome Project?E:What is the role of each gene?F:What are the consequences of genetic mutations?
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Verity Allen's New Show on Colors1 Different colors can affect us in many different ways;that's according to Verity Allen.In her new se- ries'Color me Healthy',Verity looks at the ways that colors can influence how hard we work and thechoices we make.They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we arc.2 "Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colors for the same things?" says Verity."Ourtoothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red.It'g never green.Why not?For some reason we think that blue and white is clean,while we think of green products as being a bit disgusting. It's the same for businesses.We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black,but we don't respect one that uses pink or orange.People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy."3 During this four-pait series,Verity studies eight different colors,two colors in each program.Shemeets people who work in all teipects of the color industry,from people who design food packets to people who name the colors of lipsticks.4 Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to support their ideas,such as the American"Color Doctor"who believes that serious diseases can be cured by,he use of colored lights. However,she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice,withsome surprising results.5 Overall,it's an interesting show,and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new.But because Verity goes out of her way to be polite to everyone she meets on the series,it's up to the viewers to make their own decisions about how much they should believe.The American"Color Doctor" clearly has very_____________to support their ideas.A:little scientific knowledge B:make their own decisionsC:design new productsD:change our emotionsE:name the coioro of lipotick5F:all aspects of the color industry
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Unlocking the Human Genome（基因组）1 A project to unlock secrets一what scientist could resist that challenge?This is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project.The aim of the project is to decode（破译）all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body. Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding.2 DNA is the substance found in the chromosomes（染色体）of a cell. A chromosome is a chain of genes.Each gene carries a piece of genetic information.At any one moment in a cell, thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins（蛋白质）.The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production.At some point this decoding will be complete.Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome,or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being.The ideal genome is called a consensus（交感）genome. Everything works well in a consensus genome.3 But no one in the world has a consensus genome.Everyone's genome is different from the ideal. These differences are referred to as genetic mutations（突变）.Genetic mutations in a person's genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems.Some problems are not life-threatening.These would include things like colorblindness,or mild headaches.Other problems are serious,such as heart disease,or cancer.4 It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100,000 genes.The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime.The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer,healthier life.Paragraph 4_________A:How does DNA work?B:What is the Human Genome Project about?C:How are the DNA samples collected?D:What are the goals of the Human Genome Project?E:What is the role of each gene?F:What are the consequences of genetic mutations?
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Unlocking the Human Genome（基因组）1 A project to unlock secrets一what scientist could resist that challenge?This is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project.The aim of the project is to decode（破译）all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body. Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding.2 DNA is the substance found in the chromosomes（染色体）of a cell. A chromosome is a chain of genes.Each gene carries a piece of genetic information.At any one moment in a cell, thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins（蛋白质）.The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production.At some point this decoding will be complete.Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome,or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being.The ideal genome is called a consensus（交感）genome. Everything works well in a consensus genome.3 But no one in the world has a consensus genome.Everyone's genome is different from the ideal. These differences are referred to as genetic mutations（突变）.Genetic mutations in a person's genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems.Some problems are not life-threatening.These would include things like colorblindness,or mild headaches.Other problems are serious,such as heart disease,or cancer.4 It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100,000 genes.The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime.The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer,healthier life.Paragraph 1_________A:How does DNA work?B:What is the Human Genome Project about?C:How are the DNA samples collected?D:What are the goals of the Human Genome Project?E:What is the role of each gene?F:What are the consequences of genetic mutations?
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Verity Allen's New Show on Colors1 Different colors can affect us in many different ways;that's according to Verity Allen.In her new se- ries'Color me Healthy',Verity looks at the ways that colors can influence how hard we work and thechoices we make.They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we arc.2 "Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colors for the same things?" says Verity."Ourtoothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red.It'g never green.Why not?For some reason we think that blue and white is clean,while we think of green products as being a bit disgusting. It's the same for businesses.We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black,but we don't respect one that uses pink or orange.People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy."3 During this four-pait series,Verity studies eight different colors,two colors in each program.Shemeets people who work in all teipects of the color industry,from people who design food packets to people who name the colors of lipsticks.4 Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to support their ideas,such as the American"Color Doctor"who believes that serious diseases can be cured by,he use of colored lights. However,she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice,withsome surprising results.5 Overall,it's an interesting show,and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new.But because Verity goes out of her way to be polite to everyone she meets on the series,it's up to the viewers to make their own decisions about how much they should believe.Paragraph 3____________A:The Same Colors for the Same ThingsB:Scientists' Surprising ResultsC:Verity's View on the Influence of ColorsD:Knowledge of the Interviewees on ColorsE:Studies in Verity's SeriesF:The Author 's Opinion About Verity's Shows
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Verity Allen's New Show on Colors1 Different colors can affect us in many different ways;that's according to Verity Allen.In her new se- ries'Color me Healthy',Verity looks at the ways that colors can influence how hard we work and thechoices we make.They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we arc.2 "Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colors for the same things?" says Verity."Ourtoothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red.It'g never green.Why not?For some reason we think that blue and white is clean,while we think of green products as being a bit disgusting. It's the same for businesses.We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black,but we don't respect one that uses pink or orange.People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy."3 During this four-pait series,Verity studies eight different colors,two colors in each program.Shemeets people who work in all teipects of the color industry,from people who design food packets to people who name the colors of lipsticks.4 Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to support their ideas,such as the American"Color Doctor"who believes that serious diseases can be cured by,he use of colored lights. However,she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice,withsome surprising results.5 Overall,it's an interesting show,and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new.But because Verity goes out of her way to be polite to everyone she meets on the series,it's up to the viewers to make their own decisions about how much they should believe.C olors can even_____________and even influence how healthy we are.A:little scientific knowledge B:make their own decisionsC:design new productsD:change our emotionsE:name the coioro of lipotick5F:all aspects of the color industry
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Verity Allen's New Show on Colors1 Different colors can affect us in many different ways;that's according to Verity Allen.In her new se- ries'Color me Healthy',Verity looks at the ways that colors can influence how hard we work and thechoices we make.They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we arc.2 "Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colors for the same things?" says Verity."Ourtoothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red.It'g never green.Why not?For some reason we think that blue and white is clean,while we think of green products as being a bit disgusting. It's the same for businesses.We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black,but we don't respect one that uses pink or orange.People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy."3 During this four-pait series,Verity studies eight different colors,two colors in each program.Shemeets people who work in all teipects of the color industry,from people who design food packets to people who name the colors of lipsticks.4 Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to support their ideas,such as the American"Color Doctor"who believes that serious diseases can be cured by,he use of colored lights. However,she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice,withsome surprising results.5 Overall,it's an interesting show,and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new.But because Verity goes out of her way to be polite to everyone she meets on the series,it's up to the viewers to make their own decisions about how much they should believe.Paragraph 4_____________A:The Same Colors for the Same ThingsB:Scientists' Surprising ResultsC:Verity's View on the Influence of ColorsD:Knowledge of the Interviewees on ColorsE:Studies in Verity's SeriesF:The Author 's Opinion About Verity's Shows
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Verity Allen's New Show on Colors1 Different colors can affect us in many different ways;that's according to Verity Allen.In her new se- ries'Color me Healthy',Verity looks at the ways that colors can influence how hard we work and thechoices we make.They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we arc.2 "Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colors for the same things?" says Verity."Ourtoothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red.It'g never green.Why not?For some reason we think that blue and white is clean,while we think of green products as being a bit disgusting. It's the same for businesses.We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black,but we don't respect one that uses pink or orange.People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy."3 During this four-pait series,Verity studies eight different colors,two colors in each program.Shemeets people who work in all teipects of the color industry,from people who design food packets to people who name the colors of lipsticks.4 Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to support their ideas,such as the American"Color Doctor"who believes that serious diseases can be cured by,he use of colored lights. However,she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice,withsome surprising results.5 Overall,it's an interesting show,and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new.But because Verity goes out of her way to be polite to everyone she meets on the series,it's up to the viewers to make their own decisions about how much they should believe.During her four一part series,Verity meets people who work in_____________.A:little scientific knowledge B:make their own decisionsC:design new productsD:change our emotionsE:name the coioro of lipotick5F:all aspects of the color industry
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Unlocking the Human Genome（基因组）1 A project to unlock secrets一what scientist could resist that challenge?This is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project.The aim of the project is to decode（破译）all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body. Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding.2 DNA is the substance found in the chromosomes（染色体）of a cell. A chromosome is a chain of genes.Each gene carries a piece of genetic information.At any one moment in a cell, thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins（蛋白质）.The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production.At some point this decoding will be complete.Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome,or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being.The ideal genome is called a consensus（交感）genome. Everything works well in a consensus genome.3 But no one in the world has a consensus genome.Everyone's genome is different from the ideal. These differences are referred to as genetic mutations（突变）.Genetic mutations in a person's genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems.Some problems are not life-threatening.These would include things like colorblindness,or mild headaches.Other problems are serious,such as heart disease,or cancer.4 It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100,000 genes.The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime.The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer,healthier life.Scientists are trying hard to discover_________of each of the genes in our body.A:that person's healthB:a scientific answerC:scientific researchersD:the genesE:the functionF:the size
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Verity Allen's New Show on Colors1 Different colors can affect us in many different ways;that's according to Verity Allen.In her new se- ries'Color me Healthy',Verity looks at the ways that colors can influence how hard we work and thechoices we make.They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we arc.2 "Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colors for the same things?" says Verity."Ourtoothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red.It'g never green.Why not?For some reason we think that blue and white is clean,while we think of green products as being a bit disgusting. It's the same for businesses.We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black,but we don't respect one that uses pink or orange.People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy."3 During this four-pait series,Verity studies eight different colors,two colors in each program.Shemeets people who work in all teipects of the color industry,from people who design food packets to people who name the colors of lipsticks.4 Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to support their ideas,such as the American"Color Doctor"who believes that serious diseases can be cured by,he use of colored lights. However,she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice,withsome surprising results.5 Overall,it's an interesting show,and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new.But because Verity goes out of her way to be polite to everyone she meets on the series,it's up to the viewers to make their own decisions about how much they should believe.People who_____________can use the ideas of colors to influence what we buy.A:little scientific knowledge B:make their own decisionsC:design new productsD:change our emotionsE:name the coioro of lipotick5F:all aspects of the color industry
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Can animals be made to work for us?Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained?to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.
They point out that at a circus,for example,we may see elephants,monkeys,dogs and other ani-mals doing quite skillful things.Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film.If you?watch closely,you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a piece of candy or a piece of?fruit as a reward.The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of?simple jobs if they know they will get a reward for doing them.
Of course,as we know,dogs can be used to guard a house,and soldiers in both old and modern?times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes?near.But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories.In Russia,for example,pigeons?which are birds with good eyesight,are being nsed to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are?being made in one factory.When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others,it touches a?steel plate with its beak.This turns on a light to warn people in the factory.At the same time a few?seeds are given as a reward.It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon?can inspect 3,000 to 4,000 balls an hour.
Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars,and scientists believe that these large?monkeys may be one day gather crops and even drive trains.
What made scientists think animal can be made to work for us one day?A.Animals are very skillful at a circus.
B.They are big and strong.
C.Some animals are as clever as human beings.
D.Animals carl be trained because they like to get something as a reward.
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问答题Passage 2 A land free from destruction, wealth, natural resources, and labor supply--all these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special", was men-- creative individuals who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and 4 business organizations to reshape the society. The men who created the machines of the Industrial Revolution 5 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 6 inventors than scientists. A man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research accurately. He is not necessarily working 7 that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is usually trying to make something 8 has a concrete use. He tries to solve a problem by following the theories of science or by experimenting 9 trial and error. Regardless 10 his method, he is working to obtain a specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives. Most of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were 11 . A 12 were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training 13 science might have made their inventions, 14 a groundwork had been laid by scientists years 15 .
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问答题◆Topic 7：TV—the Pandora’s Box to Children? Questions for Reference: 1) Some people think children’s spending time on TV and video is good, while others think it is bad. Discuss both views. 2) Give your own opinion about this issue. 3) What can we do to ensure the TV and video make a positive effect on our children?
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问答题Passage 1 What is the substance of discovery? Can we obtain the experience of 1 who discover and make their work generally 2 or must each generation of scientists and inventors 3 again? Why do some scientists burn out 4 young while others remain creative 5 old age? Why are so many discoveries and inventions 6 by those who work in poorly funded institutions? 7 scientists have no idea how they do science 8 historians of science have no idea how scientists do science, then who does? The strange thing is that we 9 as if discovery were the inevitable by-product 10_well-organized research programs and as if the 11 management techniques appropriate to 12 bridges, motorways and power stations were 13 to the generation of new ideas. We 14 of cost-effective science and of 15 resources into centers of excellence. By 16 such ideas to their conclusion, however, we 17 reduce the gene bank of cultural diversity to such a（n） 18 that we would produce only scientific clones-specialist technicians at 19 -whose imaginative powers, never awaked. 20 , planned research is essential, and scared resources need saving but, since science is essentially a journey into the unknown, there must be a place for occasional detours to examine the unexpected.1. A. them B. which C. those D. people2. A. available B. free C. open D. convenient3. A. absorb B. learn C. practice D. understand4. A. at B. by C. from D. when5. A. into B. as C. even if D. though6. A. collected B. made C. caused D. produced7. A. when B. Since C. If D. As8. A. yet B. but C. also D. and9. A. act B. function C. appear D. perform10. A. in B. by C. of D. for11. A. aim B. project C. assignment D. activity12. A. build B. building C. building of D. the building13. A. applicable B. right C. accurate D. just14. A. consider B. argue C. talk D. examine15. A. fastening B. making C. fixing D. concentrating16. A. observing B. chasing C. following D. obeying17. A. might B. must C. should D. can18. A. range B. spread C. stretch D. extent19. A. last B. large C. best D. length20. A. However B. Of course C. In addition D. Besides
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问答题【参考范例二】PART 2Describe a colleague that you like to work with. You should say: what this person does what sort of work you do with this person how long you have known each other and explain why you like to work with this person.You will have to talk about the topic for one or two minutes.You have one minute to think about what you’re going to say.You can make some notes to help you if you wish.
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