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For centuries the most valuable of African resources for Europeans were the slaves ,but these could be obtained at coastal ports, without any need for going deep inland. Slavery had been an established institution in Africa. Prisoners of war had been enslaved, as were also debtors and individuals guilty of serious crimes. But these slaves usually were treated as part of the family. They had clearly defined rights, and their slave status was not necessarily inherited. Therefore it is commonly argued that Africa's traditional slavery was mild compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade organized by the Europeans. This argument ,however ,can be carried too far .ln the most recent study of this subject, some scholars warned against the illusion that "cruel and dehumanizing enslavement was a monopoly of the West. Slavery in its extreme forms ,including the taking of life, was common to both Africa and the West. The fact that African slavery had different origins and consequences should not lead us to deny what it was - the exploitation and control of human beings. "Neither can it be denied that the wholesale shipment of Africans to the slave plantations of the Americas was made possible by the participation of African chiefs who rounded up their fellow Africans and sold them as a handsome profit to European ship captains waiting along the coasts.
Granting all this ,the fact remains that the trans-Atlantic slave trade conducted by the Europeans was entirely different in quantity and quality from the traditional type of slavery that had existed' within Africa. From the beginning the European variety was primarily an economic institution rather than social ,as it had been in Africa. Western slave traders and slave owners were acted on by purely economic considerations ,and were quite ready to work their slaves to death if it was more profitable to do so than to treat them more mercifully. This inhumanity was reinforced by racism when the Europeans became involved in the African slave trade on a large scale. Perhaps as a subconscious rationalization they gradually came to look down on Negroes as inherently inferior ,and therefore destined to serve their white masters. Rationalization also may have been involved in the Europeans' use of religion to justify the traffic in human beings. It was argued ,for instance ,that enslavement assured the conversion of the African evil-believing religions to the true faith as well as to civilization.
46.1n the first paragraph, the author argues that
[ A] the Europeans were innocent in the trade of African slaves.
[ B] slavery in Africa and in the West was the same in nature.
[ C] the view in the most recent studies of enslavement is baseless.
[D] slaves had been treated even more cruelly in the African tradition.
参考答案
更多 “ Text 2For centuries the most valuable of African resources for Europeans were the slaves ,but these could be obtained at coastal ports, without any need for going deep inland. Slavery had been an established institution in Africa. Prisoners of war had been enslaved, as were also debtors and individuals guilty of serious crimes. But these slaves usually were treated as part of the family. They had clearly defined rights, and their slave status was not necessarily inherited. Therefore it is commonly argued that Africa's traditional slavery was mild compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade organized by the Europeans. This argument ,however ,can be carried too far .ln the most recent study of this subject, some scholars warned against the illusion that "cruel and dehumanizing enslavement was a monopoly of the West. Slavery in its extreme forms ,including the taking of life, was common to both Africa and the West. The fact that African slavery had different origins and consequences should not lead us to deny what it was - the exploitation and control of human beings. "Neither can it be denied that the wholesale shipment of Africans to the slave plantations of the Americas was made possible by the participation of African chiefs who rounded up their fellow Africans and sold them as a handsome profit to European ship captains waiting along the coasts.Granting all this ,the fact remains that the trans-Atlantic slave trade conducted by the Europeans was entirely different in quantity and quality from the traditional type of slavery that had existed' within Africa. From the beginning the European variety was primarily an economic institution rather than social ,as it had been in Africa. Western slave traders and slave owners were acted on by purely economic considerations ,and were quite ready to work their slaves to death if it was more profitable to do so than to treat them more mercifully. This inhumanity was reinforced by racism when the Europeans became involved in the African slave trade on a large scale. Perhaps as a subconscious rationalization they gradually came to look down on Negroes as inherently inferior ,and therefore destined to serve their white masters. Rationalization also may have been involved in the Europeans' use of religion to justify the traffic in human beings. It was argued ,for instance ,that enslavement assured the conversion of the African evil-believing religions to the true faith as well as to civilization.46.1n the first paragraph, the author argues that[ A] the Europeans were innocent in the trade of African slaves.[ B] slavery in Africa and in the West was the same in nature.[ C] the view in the most recent studies of enslavement is baseless.[D] slaves had been treated even more cruelly in the African tradition. ” 相关考题
考题
Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.
考题
In January 2008 Arti entered in a contractual agreement with Bee Ltd to write a study manual for an international accountancy body’s award. The manual was to cover the period from September 2008 till June 2009, and it was a term of the contract that the text be supplied by 30 June 2008 so that it could be printed in time for September. By 30 May, Arti had not yet started on the text and indeed he had written to Bee Ltd stating that he was too busy to write the text.Bee Ltd was extremely perturbed by the news, especially as it had acquired the contract to supply all of theaccountancy body’s study manuals and had already incurred extensive preliminary expenses in relation to the publication of the new manual.Required:In the context of the law of contract, advise Bee Ltd whether they can take any action against Arti.(10 marks)
考题
Which of the following is true according to the text?A．Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.B．Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C．Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D．Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.
考题
The most extraordinary dream I ever had was one in which I fancied that, as I was going into a theater, the cloak-room attendant (21) me in the lobby and insisted on my (22) my legs behind. I was notsurprised; but I was considerably annoyed. I said I had (23) heard of such a rule at any respectable theater (24) , and that I considered it a most absurd regulation. The man replied that he was very (25) , but that those were his instructions. People complained that they could not get to and from their (26) comfortably, because other people's legs were always in the (27) ; and it had, therefore, been decided that (28) should leave their legs outside. It seemed to me that the management, in making this order, had gone (29) their legal right; and, under ordinary circum- stances, I should have disputed it. However, I didn't want to (30) a disturbance; and (31) I sat down and meekly prepared to comply with the demand. I had never before (32) that the human leg could be unscrewed. I had always (33) it was more securely fixed. But the man showed me how to undo them, and I found that they came off (34) easily. The discovery did not surprise (35) any more than the original request that I should take them off. Nothing does surprise one in a dream.21.A. calledB. helpedC. stoppedD. met
考题
Which of the following was true of the local African slavery?[ A] Slaves might have their own families.[ B] The son of a slave might not be a slave.[ C] Slavery was confmed to the coastal regions.[D] There was no killing in African slavery.
考题
It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ , most Americans ______.A. were very richB. lived in povertyC. did not own automobilesD. had own automobiles
考题
One of the African guides could tell that these nests had been abandoned by the gorillas long before.()
考题
"The pen is more powerful than the sword (剑)." There have been many writers who used their pens to fight things that were wrong. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of them. She was born in the USA in 1811. One of her books not only made her famous but has been described as one that excited the world, and was helpful in causing a civil war and freezing the slaves. The civil war was the American Civil War of 1861, in which the Northern States fought the Southern States and finally won. This book was named "Uncle Toms Cabin". There was time when every English-speaking man, woman, and child has read this novel that did so much to stop slavery. Not many people read it today, but it is still very interesting. The book has shown us how a warm-hearted writer can arouse (唤起) peoples sympathies (同情). The writer herself had neither been to the Southern States nor been a slave. The Southern Americans were very angry at the novel, which they said did not at all represent (代表) true state of affairs,1、According to the passage ( ).A、every English-speaking person had read "Uncle Tom's Cabin"B、"Uncle Tom's Cabin" was not very interestingC、those who don''t speak English can not have read "Uncle Tom's Cabin"D、the book "Uncle Tom's Cabin" did a great deal in the American Civil War2、How old was Mrs. Stowe when her world famous book was published? ( )A、About 60 years old.B、Over 50 years old.C、In her forties.D、Around 30 years old.3、What do you learn about Mrs. Stowe from the passage? ( )A、She had been living in the north of America before the American Civil War.B、She herself encouraged the northern Americans to go to war and set the slaves free.C、She was better as writing as using a sword.D、She had once been a slave.4、Why could Mrs. Stowe's book cause a civil war in America? ( )A、She wrote so well that Americans loved her very much.B、She disclosed (揭露) the terrible wrongs that had been done to the slaves in the Southern States.C、The Southern Americans hated the book while the Northern Americans like it.D、The book had been read by many Americans.5、What can we learn from the passage? ( )A、We needn't use weapons (武器) to fight things that are wrong.B、 writer is more helpful in a war than a soldier.C、We must understand the importance of literature and art.D、No war can be won without such a book as "Uncle Tom's Cabin".
考题
All flights ( ) because of the snowstorm, we could do nothing but ( ) the train.
A、were cancelled/ to takeB、having been cancelled/ takeC、have been cancelled/ takeD、had been cancelled/ to take
考题
Since 1780, when the town’s first hat factory ______ in Danbury, Connecticut, the town has been a center for hat manufacturing in the United States.A、were establishedB、was establishingC、had been establishedD、was established
考题
__________, I would take an umbrella with me.A、Had I been youB、I were youC、Were I youD、I had been you
考题
__________ your valuable help, we couhtn't have finished the experiment ahead of time．A.If it were not for
B. Had it not been for
C.Were it not for
D.If it has not been for
考题
__________your valuable help, we couldn't have finished the experiment ahead of time.
A. If it were not for
B. Had it not been for
C. Were it not for
D. If it has not been for
考题
In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong-and yet most did little to fight it.
More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.
For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and The Creation of America． The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children-though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia．
Washington's decision to free slaves originated from his__A.moral considerations
B.military experience
C.financial conditions
D.political stanD.
考题
Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.38.What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A.His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.
B.His status as a father made him free the child slaves.
C.His attitude towards slavery was complex.
D.His affair with a slave stained his prestige.
考题
In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong-and yet most did little to fight it.
More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.
For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and The Creation of America． The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children-though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia．
We may infer from the second paragraph that__A.DNA technology has been widely applied to history research
B.in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations
C.historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson's life
D.political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history
考题
Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.37.We may infer from the second paragraph thatA.DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.
B.in its early days the U.S.was confronted with delicate situations.
C.historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.
D.political compromises are easily found throughout the
考题
Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?A.Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.
B.Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.
C.Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.
D.Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.
考题
Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.40.Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from hisA.moral considerations.
B.military experience.
C.financial conditions.
D.political stand.
考题
Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned toA.show the primitive medical practice in the past.
B.demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.
C.stress the role of slaves in the U.S.history.
D.reveal some unknown aspect of his life.
考题
In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong-and yet most did little to fight it.
More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.
For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and The Creation of America． The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children-though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia．
What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A.His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.
B.His status as a father made him free the child slaves.
C.His attitude towards slavery was complex.
D.His affair with a slave stained his prestige.
考题
In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong-and yet most did little to fight it.
More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.
For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and The Creation of America． The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children-though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia．
George Washington's dental surgery is mentioned to__A.show the primitive medical practice in the past
B.demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days
C.stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history
D.reveal some unknown aspect of his life
考题
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第三篇 The Body ThievesIn the early nineteenth century in Britain,many improvements were being made in the world of medicine.Doctors and surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about thehuman body.Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable.However, surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up,or dissect（解剖）.This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body,and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.The job of finding these dead bodies was carried out by an unpleasant group of people called "body snatchers". They went into graveyards（墓地）at night and, using woodenshovels to make less noise,dug up any recently buried bodies.Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them.A body could be sold for between ￡5 and ￡10, which was a lot of money at that time.The doctors who paid the body snatchers had an agreement with them一they never asked any questions.They did not desire to know where the bodies came from,as long as they kept arriving.The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and Wil!iam Hare.Burke and Hare were different because they did not」ust dig up bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of an easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up,they killed the poorer guests in Hare's small hotel.Dr Knox, the respected surgeon they worked for,never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled（勒死）.For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because,unsurprisingly,the bodies of their victims were never found by the police.They were eventually arrested and put ontrial in 1829.The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged.Appropriately,his body was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table,just like his victims.In one small way，justice was done.Now,over 1 50 years later,surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills.However,the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome（令人毛骨惊然的）help.The bodies of Burke's and Hare's victims couldn't be found by the police becauseA: they had been stolen.B:they had been strangled.C: they had been dissected.D:they had been buried.
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They were asked to avoid（）any water which had not been boiled.AdrinkingBnot to be drunkCto drinkDhaving
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They were asked to avoid（）any water which had not been boiled.A、drinkingB、not to be drunkC、to drinkD、having
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单选题They were asked to avoid（）any water which had not been boiled.A
drinkingB
not to be drunkC
to drinkD
having
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