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城市气候（urban climate)
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Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a so- ciologist specializing in climate change and_____________(51) development. She warns that many of the world'5 fast-growing urban areas,especially in developing countries,will likely suffer from the_____________(52)of changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to_____________(53)emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. These gases are known to affect the atmosphere."Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound_____________ (54) to the growing cities of the world,"says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."Cities are_____________(55)sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change.Lankao's findings highlight ways in which city-resi- dents are particularly vulnerable,and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term ____________ (56).The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater _____________(57)for natural disasters.Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and pro- longed hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat_____________(58) paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more_____________(59)in an urban environment. For example,a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution,causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may_____________(60)basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads,are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing_____________(61)access to reliable drinking water,roads and basic services.Local governments,therefore,should take measures to_____________(62)their residents."Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric_____________(63)meaningful responses,"Romero Lankao writes,"They don't impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning_____________(64).They don't em- phasize mass transit and reduce automobile use.In fact,many local governments are taking a hands-off ap- proach."_____________(65),she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities._________(59)A:standardB:meaningfulC:seriousD:friendly
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The world's oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change,Australian and US climate researchers reported Wednesday．Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water,contributing to a rise in sea levels that is covering small island nations and threatening to destroy the low-lying,densely-populated low regions around the globe.
The study,published in the British journal Nature,adds to a growing scientific chorus of warnings about the pace and consequences rising oceans．It also serves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year by the Nobel-winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),according to the authors.
Rising sea levels are driven by two things:the thermal expansion of sea water,and additional water from melting sources of ice．Both processes are caused by global warming．The ice sheet that sits atop Greenland,for example,contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven meters,which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai.
Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change,and forecasting future temperature rises,scientists say．But up to now,there has been a puzzling gap between the projections of computer-based climate models,and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.
The new study,led by Catia Domingues of the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research,is the first to reunite the models with observed data．Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 meters from 1961 to 2003,it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimeter-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.
The rise in water levels is especially dangerous for small island nations and__.A.low-lying urban areas
B.all coastal cities
C.people who live on the beach
D.Shanghai
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单选题Possessing beautiful beaches and a temperate climate, tourists flock to the Virgin Islands in large numbers.A
Possessing beautiful beaches and a temperate climate, tourists flock to the Virgin Islands in large numbers.B
Based on having beautiful beaches and a temperate climate, the Virgin Islands attract tourists in large numbers.C
Since it has beautiful beaches and a temperate climate, tourists flock to the Virgin Islands in large numbers.D
The Virgin Islands, which possess beautiful beaches and a temperate climate, attract tourists in large numbers.E
Tourists who value beautiful beaches and a temperate climate may flock to the Virgin Islands in large numbers.
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单选题The municipal government ______ heavy responsibilities for the urban planning and development.A
toleratesB
enduresC
withstandsD
bears
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单选题According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A
Different aspects（方面）of an urban environment, such as the crowded streets, can lead to an increase in self control.B
Small changes in urban design cannot reduce the negative side effects of city life.C
For the first time in history, the earth's population is more urban than rural.D
A walk down a busy city street will improve brain performance.
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