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第二十二篇 RealWld Robots

　　When you think of a robot, do you envision ashiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being,perfming humanlike functions, responding to your questions in a monotonevoice accentuated by high-pitched tones beeps? This is the way many of usimagine a robot, but in the real wld, a robot is not humanoid at all. Insteada robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries outrepetitive dangerous functions usually perfmed by humans. Today’s robot is me than an automatic machine that perfms one taskagain again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees ofartificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains acomputer program that tells it how to perfm tasks associated with human intelligence,such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, learning from past experience.

　　A robot does not possess a human shape fthe simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remainingbalanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels axlesthat roll rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel move incombination with ts mots. To find its way in its surroundings1, arobot utilizes various built-in senss. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeteras it moves on an incline, a gyroscope a pendulum inside it senses thevertical differential. To determine its distance from an object how quicklyit will reach the object，the robot bounces beams oflaser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These other senss constantly feed infmation to the computer, which then analyzesthe infmation crects adjusts the robot’sactions. As science technology advance, the robot too will progress in itsfunctions use of artificial-intelligence programs.

　　词汇：

　　envision v. 想象，预想

　　device n. 装置

　　accentuate v. 强调，重读

　　artificial intelligence n. 人工智能

　　limb n. 臂

　　antennae n. 天线

　　incline v. 倾斜

　　pendulum n. 钟摆

　　ultrasonic adj. 超声的

　　metallic adj. 金属的

　　monotone n. 单调的

　　humanoid adj. 像人的

　　axle n. 轮轴

　　rotate v. 旋转

　　swivel n. 旋转

　　teeter v. 摇晃

　　gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪

　　vertical n. 直立的

　　注释：

　　1.To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……

　　2.the robot bounces beams of laser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。

　练习：3.The last paragraph suggests that futurerobots will be

A　me humanlike inbehavi actions.
B　me like automaticmachines.
C　better able to moveon inclines.
D　better equippedwith laser light senss.

参考答案

参考解析
解析：3.A　最后一段讲机器人的发展方向是更加智能，能够自己判断并修正行为，而不仅仅是完成重复性的工作。
更多 “第二十二篇 RealWld Robots 　　When you think of a robot, do you envision ashiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being,perfming humanlike functions, responding to your questions in a monotonevoice accentuated by high-pitched tones beeps? This is the way many of usimagine a robot, but in the real wld, a robot is not humanoid at all. Insteada robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries outrepetitive dangerous functions usually perfmed by humans. Today’s robot is me than an automatic machine that perfms one taskagain again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees ofartificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains acomputer program that tells it how to perfm tasks associated with human intelligence,such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, learning from past experience. 　　A robot does not possess a human shape fthe simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remainingbalanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels axlesthat roll rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel move incombination with ts mots. To find its way in its surroundings1, arobot utilizes various built-in senss. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeteras it moves on an incline, a gyroscope a pendulum inside it senses thevertical differential. To determine its distance from an object how quicklyit will reach the object，the robot bounces beams oflaser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These other senss constantly feed infmation to the computer, which then analyzesthe infmation crects adjusts the robot’sactions. As science technology advance, the robot too will progress in itsfunctions use of artificial-intelligence programs. 　　词汇： 　　envision v. 想象，预想 　　device n. 装置 　　accentuate v. 强调，重读 　　artificial intelligence n. 人工智能 　　limb n. 臂 　　antennae n. 天线 　　incline v. 倾斜 　　pendulum n. 钟摆 　　ultrasonic adj. 超声的 　　metallic adj. 金属的 　　monotone n. 单调的 　　humanoid adj. 像人的 　　axle n. 轮轴 　　rotate v. 旋转 　　swivel n. 旋转 　　teeter v. 摇晃 　　gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪 　　vertical n. 直立的 　　注释： 　　1.To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路…… 　　2.the robot bounces beams of laser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。 　练习：3.The last paragraph suggests that futurerobots will beA　me humanlike inbehavi actions. B　me like automaticmachines. C　better able to moveon inclines. D　better equippedwith laser light senss.” 相关考题
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考题 robots.txt支持的代码为（）。A、AllowB、DisallowC、sitemapD、nofollow
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考题 Robots.txt文件是搜索引擎抓取网站第一个需要查看的文件，网站通过Robots协议告诉搜索引擎哪些页面可以抓取，哪些页面不能抓取。在www.domain.com中，如禁止所有搜索引擎程序抓取www.domain.com/A下所有内容，Robots文件应如何设置？（）A、"User-agent：*Disallow：/A"B、"User-agent：Allow：/A"C、"User-agent：Disallow：/"D、"User-agent：*Allow：/"
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考题 关于robots文件下面说法正确的是（）。A、一个网站可以放多个不同robots文件B、robots文件不可以用xml格式命名C、disallow用来描述不希望被访问到的一个URLD、robots文件可以放在任何位置
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考题 单选题百度robots工具具有以下哪项功能（）A 实时查看网站在百度中已生效的robots文件内容B 支持通知百度更新网站的robot文件C 支持对robots文件进行语法及逻辑校验D 能够按照规则生成robots文件E 以上全都是
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考题 问答题Robot　　Even before the first robot was built, the subject of robotics was controversial. The word robot was coined in 1921 by a Czech playwright who wrote about a colony of machines endowed with artificial intelligence that eventually turned against3 their human creators. Although that account was fictional, the first industrial robots were in use by the early 1960s. Today, we continue to be intrigued by robots and their potential for both good and evil.　　Basically, a robot is any machine that performs work or other actions normally done by humans. Most robots are used in factories to make products such as cars and electronics. Others are used to explore underwater, in volcanoes and even on other planets.　　Robots consist of three main components: a brain, which is usually a computer; actuators and mechanical parts such as motors, wheels and gears; and sensors for detecting images, sound, temperature, motion and light. With these basic components, robots can interact with their environment and perform the tasks they are designed to carry out.　　The advantages are obvious — robots can do things humans just don’t want to do, and they are usually more cost effective. Robots can also do things more precisely than humans and allow progress in medical science and other useful advances.　　But, as with any machine, a robot can break down and even cause disaster. There’s also the possibility that wicked people will use robots for evil purposes. Yet this is also true with other forms of technology such as weapons and biological material.　　Robots will probably be used even more in the future. They will continue to do tasks where danger, repetition, cost or the need for precision prevents humans from performing. As to whether they will be used for good or evil, that depends on the nature of the humans who create them.
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考题 单选题There will be ______ jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people.A manyB moreC fewerD fewest
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