考题
Of the many problems in the world today, none is as widespread, or as old, as crime. Crime has many forms, including crimes against property, person, and government. Crime, in all its forms, penetrates every layer of society and touches every human being. You may never have been robbed, but you suffer the increased cost of store- bought items because of others’shoplifting.Your house is not worth as much today as it was a few years ago because of the increased crime rate in your neighborhood. Perhaps your business is not doing as well as it used to because tourism is down due to increased terrorism in your part of the world.Crime, especially violent crime, has risen to a point where many people are afraid to walk al one in their own neighborhoods, afraid to open their door after dark, afraid to speak out and voice their own opinions. Some citizens have reacted by arming themselves with various weapons, legal and illegal, to defend themselves. Citizen groups have taken the law into their own hands by forming their own vigilante groups to administer judgment when they feel that their criminal justice system has not performed its duty.Experts argue whether the number of crimes committed is actually on the rise or whether there is simply a rise in the number of crimes reported. This issue is particularly true in cases of marriage violence, the abuse of spouse or children. Throughout much of history, cases of family violence and neglect often went unreported because of the attitude of society, which considered family matters to be private.Other experts argue about who is really to blame for criminal behavior. the individual or society. Researchers in the United States and Canada have identified several factors in society that contribute to the crime rate: massive urbanization, unemployment and poverty, and a large immigrant population. Other countries are more affected by factors such as politics, government corruption, and religion.(1)What does the passage mainly discuss?A、Crime the widespread problem.B、The results caused by increasing violent crime.C、Factors contributing to the crime rate.D、Citizen groups combating crimes.(2)The word shoplifting in line 4 is closest in meaning to _____________.A、the crime of lifting the banB、the crime of moving the shops awayC、the crime of robbing things from shopsD、the crime of stealing things from shops(3)Why does the author in Paragraph 2 mention citizen groups forming their own vigilante groups?A、To show the criminal justice system is not justB、To show citizens are powerful in combating crimesC、To show crime is a serious social problemD、To show citizens have rights in combating crimes(4)According to the passage, which of the following are the factors contributing to United States’criminal behavior?A、Politics, unemployment, poverty and a large immigrant population.B、Massive urbanization, unemployment and poverty, and a large immigrant population.C、Politics, government corruption, poverty and religion.D、Massive urbanization, unemployment and poverty, and government corruption.(5)Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A、Since you have never been robbed, you are not a victim of crime.B、Some people use illegal weapons to defend themselves.C、Only the individual should be responsible for the criminal behavior.D、Family violence and neglect are considered family matters, and therefore private, so they are not crimes.
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The best title for this passage is ______.A. Crime--A Grave Problem in the WestB. Chevrolet--A Make of an Old CarC. Computer--A Powerful Aid in Fighting Against CrimeD. Police--A Useful Force in the Fight Against Crime
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The evidence collected by the police point that the suspect was ( )and did not commit any crime.
A.cleanB.faultlessC.harmlessD.innocent
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As a police officer, you are trained to stay calm even in extremely (danger) ___________situations.
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In spite of all stories of prosperity in the United States, not only does poverty exist there, but crimes of various types have been increasing at an alarming rate. Most acts of violence were committed by young people. 57% of the criminals arrested in 1979 were youths below 25 of age.
Everyone agrees that crime is partly a result of bad material conditions: poverty, lack of education,living without a settled home,being parentless,sufferings from other kinds of misfortune, etc.
There are also other factors than material conditions which are responsible for the sharp increase of crime rate. In the first place, some state laws provide a death penalty but some not.Secondly, the Constitution allows every citizen to carry weapons for his own protection. It is therefore possible and easy for anyone in the country to get a gun. Finally, there has been too much shown on TV and too much reported in newspaper of all kinds of crime, the details of which are so accurately described that even children know how to duplicate what they have seen or read.
All these have resulted in a high frequency of crimes committed both by professional criminals and by nonprofessional ones in murder, drug smuggling, robbery, etc.
?The author intends to tell the readers that__________.A.the United States is a wealthy country although poverty and crime exist there
B.crime has become a serious problem in the United States, although it is said to be a prosperous one
C.despite the fact that crimes have been increasing rapidly in the United States, it is a country of prosperity
D.in spite of stories about poverty and crime in the United States, it is prospering at an increasing rate
考题
In spite of all stories of prosperity in the United States, not only does poverty exist there, but crimes of various types have been increasing at an alarming rate. Most acts of violence were committed by young people. 57% of the criminals arrested in 1979 were youths below 25 of age.
Everyone agrees that crime is partly a result of bad material conditions: poverty, lack of education,living without a settled home,being parentless,sufferings from other kinds of misfortune, etc.
There are also other factors than material conditions which are responsible for the sharp increase of crime rate. In the first place, some state laws provide a death penalty but some not.Secondly, the Constitution allows every citizen to carry weapons for his own protection. It is therefore possible and easy for anyone in the country to get a gun. Finally, there has been too much shown on TV and too much reported in newspaper of all kinds of crime, the details of which are so accurately described that even children know how to duplicate what they have seen or read.
All these have resulted in a high frequency of crimes committed both by professional criminals and by nonprofessional ones in murder, drug smuggling, robbery, etc.
Which of the following is correct according to the text?A.Of the criminals arrested in 1970, 57 percent were youths below 25 of age.
B.Lack of education has little to do with the crime rate.
C.Differences in state laws for death penalty also account for the increase of crime rate.
D.Drug smuggling is the only product of too many shows and reports.
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A police officer was sent to( )the crime.A.search
B.explore
C.survey
D.investigate
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In spite of all stories of prosperity in the Unites States, not only does poverty exist there, but crimes of various types have been increasing at an alarming rate. Most acts of violence were committed by young people.57% of the criminals arrested in 1979 were youths below 25 of age.
Everyone agrees that crime is partly a result of bad material conditions: poverty, lack of education, living within a settled home, being parent less, sufferings from other kinds of misfortune, etc.
There are also other factors than material conditions which are responsible for the sharp increase of crime rate. In the first place, some state laws provide a death penalty but some not. Secondly, the Constitution allows every citizen to carry weapons for his own protection. It is therefore possible and easy for anyone in the country to get a gun. Finally, there has been too much shown on TV and too much reported in newspaper of all kinds of crime, the details of which are so accurately described that even children know how to duplicate what they have seen or read. All these have resulted in a high frequency of crimes committed both by professional criminals and
by nonprofessional ones in murder, drug smuggling, robbery, etc.
The author intends to tell the readers that_________.A. the United States is a wealthy country although poverty and crime exist there
B. crime has become a serious problem in the United States, although it is said to be a prosperous one
C. despite the fact that crimes have been increasing rapidly in the United States, it is a country of prosperity
D. in spite of stories about poverty and crime in the United States, it is prospering at an increasing r
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Which of the following is correct according to the text? __________A.0f the criminals arrested in l970.fifty—seven percent were youths below twenty five of age
B.Lack of education has little to do with the crime rate
C.Differences in state laws fbr death penalty also account fbr the increase of crime rate
D.Drug smuggling is the only product of too many shows and reports
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Pub hours shake-up revealed next week
By James Hardy Political Editor
PUBS and clubs will be allowed to stay open round-the-clock under a planned radical change of Britain's outdated licensing(许可证发放)laws.
Prime Minister Tony Blair yesterday revealed a Bill(议案)to bring in the long-awaited improvement will be contained in the Queen's Speech next week.Some public bars and clubs could be open all hours while others could choose different closing times into the early hours.
Police forces around the country have said different closing times will mean the explosion in violence and vandalism(破坏行为)after 11p.m.-when aggressive drunks are sent out at the same time.
The move will be opposed by some MPs(下院议员)who fear it will lead to increased alcoholism,drunken behavior and crime.But ministers say there will be controls on which pubs and clubs are allowed to open 24 hours a day.
Places which consistently attract violent drunks and troublemakers will be turned down.
Mr.Blair said:"We believe there should be greater flexibility in licensing.In the end,the evidence that we have is that it may help in the fight against anti-social behavior.At the moment the very fixed nature of the hours sometimes means that you get particular problems outside pubs and city centers at particular hours of the evening."
The big change will be accompanied by a strict action on petty criminals who cause misery to urban and rural communities.
In a bid to prevent criticism of the licensing improvement,the Govenment is to extend on-the-spot fines to a range of offences from vandalism.
The PM said yesterday petty crime was the single biggest cause of daily aggressive behavior for millions.
Underlined words"petty crime"in the last paragraph meansA.the crime which is not very serious
B.the crime which is very serious
C.violent crime
D.car crime
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What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?( ) A.Cyber Crime and Its Prevention
B.The Origin of Cyber Crime
C.How to Deal with Cyber Crime
D.The Definition of Cyber Crime
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单选题What is the main topic of this passage?A
The increasing rate of crime in London.B
The center of England’s cultural diversity.C
The people’s criticism of London police.D
The poor inter-racial relations in London.
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单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.Which of the following cannot explain why cash is critical to the health of an underground economy?A
Cash is anonymous.B
Cash is hardly traceable.C
Cash is easily stolen.D
Cash is the lifeblood of the black market.
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问答题Read the passage carefully to find the answers for Questions 1 to 5. Answer each question in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1to 5are based on the following passage. In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, flexible, and do not make mistakes. As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day.” And they are honest. Many banks advertise that their transactions are “untouched by human hands” and therefore safe from human temptation (诱惑). Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience (良知), and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal. Computer criminals don’t use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witness and often no evidence. A computer cannot remember who used it: it simply does what it is told. The head teller at a New York bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this theft because he moved the money from one account to another. Each time a customer he had robbed questioned the balance in his account, the teller claimed a computer error, then replaced the missing money from someone else’s account. This man was caught only because he was a gambler. When the police broke up an illegal gambling operation, his name was in the records. Some employees use the computer’s power to get revenge (报复) on their employers they consider unfair. Recently, a large insurance company fired its computer-tape librarian for reasons that involved her personal rather than her professional life. She was given thirty days notice. In those thirty days, she erased all the firm’s computerized records. Most computer criminals have been minor employees. Now police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg”. As one official says, “I have the feeling that there is more crime out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing—the ones who know how a computer works.” Questions:1.What is the passage mainly about? 2.Why did many banks claim the transactions to be safe? 3.How did the bank teller cover up his crime? 4.What must the librarian do thirty days after she received the notice? 5.What is the difference between computer criminals and ordinary criminals?
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单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.The government switched one county at a time within states favors researchers because ____ .A
it reduced cash payment in MissounB
it offered a randomly controlled environmentC
it helped to extend electronic transfers to the stateD
it saw a concurrent decline in crimes
考题
单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.The shift away from cash in Missouri's counties resulted in ____.A
an unobvious decrease in the overall crime rateB
a decrease in certain crimes such as robbery and rapeC
a decline in crimes related to the use ofcashD
a decline in overall crimes
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单选题The passage is mainly about ______.A
gay marriageB
gay divorceC
human rightsD
the infamous crime against nature
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单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this text?A
Why has Crime in America Declined since the 1990sB
How the Decline of Cash Makes America a Safer CountryC
The Impacts of the Decline of Cash in AmericaD
The Relations between Cash and Crime
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单选题Which of the following is correct according to the text?A
Of the criminals arrested in 1970, fifty-seven percent were youths below twenty five of age.B
Lack of education has little to do with the crime rate.C
Differences in state laws for death penalty also account for the increase of crime rate.D
Drug smuggling is the only product of too many shows and reports.
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单选题The minister()the latest crime figures as proof of the need for more police.A
referredB
recruitedC
citedD
imported
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问答题Passage 1Rapid Police Response A Police departments in the United States and Canada see it as central to their role that they respond to calls for help as quickly as possible. This ability to react fast has been greatly improved with the aid of technology. The telephone and police radio, already long in use, assist greatly in the reduction of police response time. In more recent times there has been the introduction of the “911” emergency system, which allows the public easier and faster contact with police, and the use of police computer systems, which assist police in planning patrols and assigning emergency requests to the police officers nearest to the scene of the emergency. B An important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public alike as offering tremendous benefits. The more obvious ones are the ability of police to apply first-aid lifesaving techniques quickly and the greater likelihood of arresting people who may have participated in a crime. It aids in identifying those who witnessed an emergency or crime, as well as in collecting evidence. The overall reputation of a police department, too, is enhanced if rapid response is consistent, and this in itself promotes the prevention of crime. Needless to say, rapid response offers the public some degree of satisfaction in its police force. C While these may be the desired consequences of rapid police response, actual research has not shown it to be so beneficial. For example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by the police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes-still quite a rapid response-the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced. Similarly, in identifying witnesses to emergencies or crimes, police are far more likely to be successful if they arrive at the scene no more than four minutes on average, after receiving a call for help. Yet both police officers and the public define “rapid response” as responding up to 10-12 minutes after calling the police for help. D Should police assume all the responsibility for ensuring a rapid response? Studies have shown that people tend to delay after an incident occurs before contacting the police. A crime victim may be injured and thus unable to call for help, for example, or no telephone may be available at the scene of the incident. Often, however, there is no such physical barrier to calling the police. Indeed, it is very common for crime victims to call their parents, their minister, or even their insurance company first. When the police are finally called in such cases the effectiveness of even the most rapid of responses is greatly diminished. E The effectiveness of rapid response also needs to be seen in light of the nature of the crime. For example, when someone rings the police after discovering their television set has been stolen from their home, there is little point, in terms of identifying those responsible for the crime, in ensuring a very rapid response. It is common in such burglary or theft cases that the victim discovers the crime hours, days, even weeks after it has occurred. When the victim is directly involved in the crime, however, as in the case of a robbery, rapid response, provided the victim was quickly able to contact the police, is more likely to be advantageous. Based on statistics comparing crimes that are discovered and those in which the victim is directly involved, Spelman and Brown (1981) suggest that three in four calls to police need not be met with rapid response. F It becomes clear that the importance of response time in collecting evidence or catching criminals after a crime must be weighed against a variety of factors. Yet because police department officials assume the public strongly demands rapid response, they believe that every call to the police should be met with it. Studies have shown, however, that while the public wants quick response, more important is the information given by the police to the person asking for help. If a caller is told the police will arrive in five minutes but in fact it takes ten minutes or more. Waiting the extra time can be extremely frustrating. But if a caller is told he or she will have to wait 10 minutes and the police indeed arrive within that time, the caller is normally satisfied. Thus, rather than emphasizing rapid response, the focus of energies should be on establishing realistic expectations in the caller and making every attempt to meet them.List of Headings i The presumptions of policy makers ii Need for more equitable parenting policies iii The impact of dual employment iv Comparison of employed and non-employed mothers v The benefits of balanced responsibility vi The unchanged role of the female parent vii The effect of stress on the female parent viii Disadvantages of parental equality ix The experts’ view of the male parent’s role x Commitment of mothers to their paid jobs xi Origins of anxiety in working mothers Example Answer Section A. …ii… 1. Section B 2. Section C 3. Section D 4. Section E 5. Section F
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单选题They could not find their way back because they couldn’t decide which of the two roads led to their tents.A
Right.B
Wrong.C
Doesn’t say.
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单选题The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because ______.A
criminals are difficult to trace in large populationsB
people do not communicate with their neighborsC
people feel anonymous thereD
the trappings of success are attractive to criminals
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单选题According to the passage, the decline of good manners is more worrying because______.A
it leads to more crime in society.B
it can seriously affect our daily life.C
people view manners as old-fashioned.D
rudeness on the street cannot be stemmed out.
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单选题Which description is NOT mentioned by Blackstone about homosex?A
An infamous crime against nature.B
An offence that is as malignant as rape.C
A heinous act.D
A crime not fit to be named.