备考资料：2020年ACCA考试FR财务报告知识点(2)

正确答案：
(a) The primary focus of the research and development director
There is a need to measure the ability of CSG to offer up to date services that are sought after by existing and potential
customers. In this regard it would be relatively easy to determine the number of new products/services introduced in previous
periods. The performance of individual innovations should also be assessed. Also the aggregate expenditure on the
development of new services may indicate how CSG has performed with regard to offering up to date, customer focused
services.
The primary focus of the finance director
CSG could use return on capital employed (ROCE), economic value added (EVA) or residual income (RI) as measures of
financial performance. EVA and RI are both superior to return on capital employed (ROCE) in that each method is more likely
to develop goal congruence in terms of acquisition and disposal decisions. It is vital that any performance measure chosen
is consistent with the NPV rule. The use of RI could prove problematic when managers adopt a short term outlook and use
short term performance measures as decisions may not be consistent with the NPV rule. EVA attempts to avoid the problems
associated with understated asset values that arise in the use of ROCE and RI. Current values should be used as opposed to
historical costs.
The primary focus of the human resources director
CSG could use measures such as the rate of staff turnover, the level of absenteeism, training costs per employee and the
number of applications received for each job vacancy. These measures may provide an indication of the extent to which CSG
can be regarded as a socially responsible employer.
These measures should be compared with those of prior periods and targets. Employee attitude surveys may also be
undertaken on a systematic basis in order to assess matters such as the degree of satisfaction with the payment systems that
are in operation, management style. and working conditions.
The primary focus of the corporate affairs director
CSG could use measures such as the amounts spent on the disposal of waste chemicals, the number of complaints received
from clients and members of the public and the total of contributions made to organisations which seek to meet social
objectives, e.g. charities, schools and hospitals.

正确答案：
4 HEGAS
(a) Auditor’s responsibilities for ‘other information’
■ The auditor has a professional responsibility to read other information to identify material inconsistencies with the
audited financial statements (ISA 720 ‘Other Information in Documents Containing Audited Financial Statements’).
■ A ‘material inconsistency’ arises when other information contradicts that which is contained in the audited financial
statements. It may give rise to doubts about:
– the auditor’s conclusions drawn from audit evidence; and
– the basis for the auditor’s opinion on the financial statements.
■ In certain circumstances, the auditor may have a statutory obligation (under national legislation) to report on other
information (e.g. Management Report).
■ Even where there is no such obligation (e.g. chairman’s statement), the auditor should consider it, as the credibility of
the financial statements may be undermined by any inconsistency.
■ The auditor must arrange to have access to the other information on a timely basis prior to dating the auditor’s report.
Material inconsistency
■ If a material inconsistency is identified, the auditor should determine whether it is the audited financial statements or
the other information which needs amending.
■ If an amendment to the audited financial statements is required but not made, there will be disagreement, resulting in
the expression of a qualified or adverse opinion. (Such a situation would be extremely rare.)
■ Where an amendment to other information is necessary, but refused, the auditor’s report may include an emphasis of
matter paragraph (since the audit opinion cannot be other than unqualified with respect to this matter).
Material misstatement of fact
■ A material misstatement of fact in other information exists when information which is not related to matters appearing
in the audited financial statements is incorrectly stated or presented in a misleading manner.
■ If management do not act on advice to correct a material misstatement the auditors should document their concerns to
those charged with corporate governance and obtain legal advice.
Tutorial note: Marks would be awarded here for the implications for the auditor’s report. However, such marks, which are
for the restatement of knowledge would NOT be awarded again if repeated in answers to (b).

正确答案：
(b) An illustration of the features detailed above, framed in the context of a University as an organisation in the not-for-profit sector
might be as follows:
The Overall objective might well be stated in the mission statement of a University. An example of such a mission statement
might be as follows:
‘To provide a quality educational environment in a range of undergraduate and post-graduate disciplines and a quality
educational focus for students and the business community.’
More specifically, objectives may be seen as the achievement of ‘value for money’ thereby ensuring effectiveness in areas such
as:
– The provision of high added value to students;
– The establishment of a reputation for recognised expertise in specific areas of research work within the wider community;
and
– The provision of a high quality service to industry and commerce.
Strategies may focus on aspects such as:
– The recruitment and retention of high quality academic staff;
– The development of IT equipment and skills within the institution;
– The mentoring of students in order to ensure high added value and low drop-out rates in intermediate years of study;
and
– The close liaison with employers as to qualities in graduate/post-graduate employees that they will value highly.
The determinants used to measure the results of strategies might include:
– Competitiveness – cost per graduate compared to other institutions; growth in student numbers; number of staff holding
a PhD qualification;
– Financial performance – average cost per graduate; income generation from consultancy work;
– Quality – range of awards (percentages of 1st class degrees); employer responses; measures of quality of delivery of
education, advice to students, etc;
– Flexibility – variable entry and exit points to courses; modular structure; the variety of full-time, part-time and distance
learning modes;
– Resource Utilisation – staff:student ratios; quotas met by each course; accommodation filled;
– Innovation – latest IT provision in linking lecture theatres to information databases; increased provision of flexilearning/
mixed mode course provision.
The application of business change techniques might include the following:
BPR with a focus on IT developments, flexible-learning or mixed mode course provision.
JIT with a focus on moves towards student-centred uptake of educational opportunities e.g. via intranet availability of lecture
and tutorial material linked to more flexible access to staff rather than a ‘push’ system of pre-structured times of
lectures/tutorials.
TQM with a focus on moves to improve quality in all aspects of the learning environment including delivery of lectures, access
to staff and pastoral care issues.
ABM with a focus on activities on a per student basis (both planned and actual) with a view to eliminating activities that do
not add value e.g. cost per lecture per student.