2020英语专业四级阅读练习题附答案:科技

发布时间：2020-09-11

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To live in the United States today is to gain anappreciation for Dahrendorf’s assertion thatsocial change exists everywhere. Technology, theapplication of knowledge for practical ends, is amajor source of social change.

Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not existnaturally.A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use aspear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solidmass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves thepurpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclearaccident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology;they provide cases in whichwell-planned systems suddenly went haywire(变得混乱) and there was no ready hand to setthem right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves topieces. But they have been saying this for decades. and so far we have managed to surviveand even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.

Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computerrevolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do thetasks that once only people could do.There are those who assert that the switch to aninformation-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was arevolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was arevolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.

In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the struccure of American fife, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge andcommunication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humansand animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplementand replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. n is thecapacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents itsgreatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.

1. A spear or a robot has the quality oftechnology only when it_____________.

A) is used both as a cultural and a physical object

B) serves different purposes equally well

C) is utilized by man

D) can be of use co both man and animal

2. The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to showthat_________________.

A) if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our world

B) technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for it

C) technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man

D) being a human creation. technology is liable to error

3. According to the author. the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainlybecause__________________.

A) the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind

B) the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before

C) it has helped to switch to an information technology

D) it has a great potential impact on society

4. By using the phrase "the human quality of technology" (Line 7, Para. 2), the authorrefersto the fact that technology_______________.

A) has a great impact on human life

B) has some characteristics of human nature

C) can replace some aspects of the human mind

D) does not exist in the natural world

5. The passage is based on the author\'s_______________.

A) keen insight into the nature of technology

B) prejudiced criticism of the role of the Industrial Revolution

C) cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers

D) exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology

答案：C  D  D  B  A

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下面小编为大家准备了 专四专八考试 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

According to Bloomfield, meaning can be defined in terms of observable stimuli and responses made by participants in specific situations. This view of meaning is known as ______.

A．contextualism

B．behaviorism

C．functionalism

D．conceptualism

正确答案：B

The author of "Auld Lang Sync" Robert Burns was a great ______folk poet.

A．English

B．Scottish

C．Welsh

D．Irish

正确答案：B

Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the actors. The exploitation of the camera's possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.

Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. Those included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.

Besides developing the cinema's language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic, it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith's introduction of the American-made multireel picture began an elaborate historical and philosophical spectacle. It reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour's running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.

The author of this passage seems to imply that Victorian novels ______.

A．are like films

B．may not narrate events chronologically

C．exploit cinema's language

D．feature juxtaposed images

正确答案：B

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