口译笔译考试——联合国今起谈判《武器贸易条约》
发布时间:2020-09-22
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联合国今起谈判《武器贸易条约》
US,
China, Russia seek to weaken arms treaty
The world’s three largest arms sellers have raised objections to
key elements of a long awaited United Nations arms trade treaty ahead of a
meeting in New York today.
全球三大军火出口国对各方期待已久的联合国《武器贸易条约》(Arms Trade Treaty)的关键内容提出了反对意见。今日起,联合国将在纽约开会讨论这项条约。
The aim of the treaty – in preparation since 2006 – is to reduce the 750,000 arms-related deaths that occur each year.
But its backers face a tough challenge to reach agreement on a robust treaty
ahead of a July 27 deadline.
自2006年起开始草拟的这项条约,旨在减少全球与军火相关的死亡人数(现为每年75万)。但要想赶在7月27日的最后期限之前达成一项强有力的条约,该条约的支持者们还面临艰巨挑战。
The US, Russia, and China all oppose the
inclusion of binding language aimed at preventing arms from being exported to
countries where they could be used to undermine human rights.
美国、俄罗斯和中国都反对纳入约束性的措辞,这些措辞的目的是阻止向可能使用武器侵犯人权的国家出口军火。
China and the US also want to narrow the
range of weapons the treaty covers. Zimbabwe and Syria, meanwhile, reject the
idea of a treaty altogether, according to western diplomats.
中国和美国还希望收窄该条约覆盖的武器范围。与此同时,西方外交官称,津巴布韦和叙利亚从根本上反对达成这一条约的构想。
The US stance is causing difficulty for the
UK, which co-sponsored the treaty and which regards the inclusion of ammunition
and robust language on human rights as a priority.
美国的姿态正给英国制造难题。英国是支持签署这项条约的国家之一,并把覆盖弹药和在人权问题上使用强有力措辞列为条约的重点。
The arms trade is already regarded by many as
under-regulated. Amnesty International, a human rights group closely involved
in the development of the treaty, points out that there are fewer international
rules regulating the trade in arms than the trade in bananas.
目前已有很多人认为,武器贸易处于监管不足的状态。密切参与该条约拟定过程的人权组织“大赦国际”(Amnesty
International)指出,目前规范武器贸易的国际规则比规范香蕉贸易的规则还要少。
“We need a legally binding, nationally enforced,
universal treaty,” said one western diplomat, noting
that, while there was widespread support among most UN members, bringing big
exporters like as the US, China and Russia on board would take “time and effort, and require skillful diplomacy”.
“我们需要一项具有法律约束力、在国家层面执行、普遍适用的条约,”一名西方外交官表示。这名外交官指出,尽管联合国的多数成员国普遍表示支持,但要争取美国、中国和俄罗斯这样的大出口国给予支持,就需要“时间及努力,还要求具备娴熟的外交手腕”。
It is still unclear whether this could become
it be the forum to address high level disagreements, such as the recent US
accusation that Russia was supplying helicopters to war-torn Syria.
目前尚不清楚该条约会否成为解决高层次分歧的论坛,比如近期美国指控俄罗斯向战火中的叙利亚供应直升机。
But the idea is to force countries to think
about the consequences of their arms exports and employ a rigorous risk
analysis process, as already happens in areas such as the European Union.
不过,该条约的构想是迫使各国考虑其军火出口的后果,并采用一套严谨的风险分析流程,就像欧盟等地已经在实行的政策那样。
As with
many other UN treaties, US objections are based on national sovereignty
concerns.
美国的反对是基于国家主权方面的担忧,就像该国对其他不少联合国条约的态度一样。
In
October 2009, the Obama administration reversed Washington’s opposition to the ATT and took an active role in negotiations. But
the US is still resisting binding language prohibiting arms transfers to
countries if there is strong evidence they could be used to undermine human
rights. It also opposes the inclusion of ammunition, arguing that this is too
sensitive and technically difficult to implement.
2009年10月,奥巴马政府逆转了美方对《武器贸易条约》的反对态度,开始在谈判中扮演积极角色。但美方至今仍抵制某些约束性措辞,即如果有强大证据显示武器可能被用于侵犯人权,就禁止向相关国家提供军火。美方还反对把弹药纳入覆盖范围,辩称这过于敏感,而且在技术上难以实施。
Meanwhile,
Russia is one of the 41 signatures of the Wassanar arrangement regulating the
trade in conventional arms and duel use technology. Even so, it is against the
ATT introducing binding rules on international human rights, international
humanitarian law and socio-economic development. Moscow argues that such
language is open to subjective and ideological interpretation.
俄罗斯是《关于常规武器和两用物品及技术出口控制的瓦森纳安排》(The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms
and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies)的41个签约国之一。即便如此,该国仍反对《武器贸易条约》在国际人权、国际人道主义法律和社会经济发展方面订立约束性的规则。俄方提出,此类措辞容易受到主观和意识形态化的解释。
In
contrast, China has not yet signed any arms controls agreements and is seen as
one of the most important nations to get on board. Though it says it broadly
accepts the idea of a treaty, it is likely to be one of the most challenging
nations to persuade to accept robust regulation and a link to human rights,
which it says is too subjective.
与此形成反差的是,中国尚未签署任何武器控制协定,并被外界视为需参与此类控制的最重要国家之一。虽然中国表示在整体上接受订立条约的构想,但无论是就接受强有力的监管还是就与人权挂钩而言,中国都很可能是最难被说服的国家之一。中方目前表示人权方面的联系过于主观。
Those
involved in the negotiations say Beijing wants to exclude small arms and light
weapons and government-to-government transfers, which would effectively gut the
treaty, according to its sponsors.
参与谈判的人士表示,中方希望排除小型武器和轻武器、以及政府对政府的军火供应。按照条约支持者的说法,那实际上等于废了这项条约。
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Gypsies are often treated with disapproval, lack of trust, and lack of understanding because their way of life is so different from the way most other British people live.
吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同,所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然,很不信任,而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。
没有人可以否认,几百万的私人小企业大大地推动了国家的经济。
No one can deny that millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nation's economy.
Thank you, sir. Thank you, Mr. President. It is quite an honor to be introduced by your dad. This has got to be a historic moment: father and son, two Presidents, opening up an embassy. I suspect it's the first, although I must confess I haven't done a lot of research into the itinerary of the Adams boys. //
My dad was a fabulous President. And I tell people one reason why was not only did he know what he was doing, he was a fabulous father. Mr. Ambassador, honored guests, Laura and I, and my brother and my sister, are proud to be here with our dad as we open and dedicate this new embassy. No doubt this is an impressive complex. To me it speaks of the importance of our relations with China. It reflects the solid foundation underpinning our relations. It is a commitment to strengthen that foundation for years to come. //
I thank all those who designed and built the embassy, and all those who work here to advance the interests and values of our great nation. Dad and I are honored that Counselor Dai has joined us; and Minister Xie; Ambassador Zhou—who, by the way, opened a new Chinese embassy in Washington, D. C. , designed by I. M. Pei a couple weeks ago. We appreciate our friend Anne Johnson being here, he is the Director of the Art in Embassies Program. Dr. Kissinger, thanks for coming. //
It takes a special band to open the embassy—out of West Texas—Odessa, Texas, for that matter, the Gatlin boys are with us today. I thank the Red Poppies, thank you for your talent. And finally, I want to pay tribute to Sandy Randt, who has done a fabulous job as our Ambassador to China. Sandy, thank you and We're proud to be here with those citizens of ours who work at the embassies, and we say thanks to the Chinese nationals who make our embassy go, as well. //
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Tonight the Olympic torch will light the home of an ancient civilization with a grand history. Thousands of years ago, the Chinese people developed a common language and unified a great nation. China became the center for art and literature, commerce and philosophy. China advanced the frontiers of knowledge in medicine, astronomy, navigation, engineering, and many other fields. And the Chinese are even said to have invented the parachute—something for which the 41st President is very grateful. //
We share a long history. The first American ship arrived in China just after the year we won our independence. World War Ⅱ, Americans and Chinese fought side by side to liberate this land from Imperial Japan. We all remember very clearly, Dr. K, when President Nixon came to Beijing to begin a new era of dialogue between our nations. You might remember that yourself. //
Today the United States and China have built a strong relationship, rooted in common interests. China has opened its economy and begun to unleash the entrepreneurial spirit of its people. America will continue to support China on the path toward a free economy. We're also cooperating to fight pandemic diseases and respond to natural disasters. And through the Six-Party Talks, we're working together to ensure that the Korean Peninsula is free of nuclear weapons. //
The relationship between our nations is constructive and cooperative and candid. We'll continue to be candid about our mutual global responsibilities. We
谢谢您,先生。谢谢,总统先生。让自己的父亲给自己做介绍是件非常荣幸的事。这一定是个历史性时刻:父亲和儿子,两位总统,为大使馆主持开馆仪式,我想这是头一遭,当然,我得承认我对亚当斯父子的游记没有进行过大量研究。// 我父亲是一位了不起的总统。我对人讲,其中一个原因是他不仅是位好总统,而且还是一位了不起的父亲。大使先生,贵宾们,劳拉和我、我的弟弟和妹妹,都为能够同父亲一道在这里主持这座新使馆启用仪式感到自豪毫无疑问,这座新馆令人赞叹。对我来说,它表明了我们与中国关系的重要性,它反映了我们的关系建立在坚实牢固的基础之上,它是在未来许多年里加强这一基础的承诺。// 我感谢所有参与设计和建造这座使馆的人员以及所有在这里为推进我们伟大祖国的利益和价值观而努力工作的人。父亲和我对戴秉国国务委员、谢部长和周大使的光临感到荣幸。顺便说一句,一个多星期前周大使在华盛顿特区主持了由贝聿铭设计的中国大使馆新馆开馆仪式。感谢我们的朋友、使馆项目艺术部主任安妮?约翰逊出席仪式。感谢基辛格博士,谢谢您光临。// 庆祝大使馆开馆要有一支特殊的乐队才行——来自得克萨斯州西部奥德萨的加特林兄弟今天就在这里。我感谢红罂粟,感谢你们的天才演出。最后,我要向业绩不凡的我国驻中国大使桑迪?雷德致敬。桑迪,谢谢您,还有我们为能与在大使馆工作的我国公民在一起而感到自豪,我们也向使我国使馆能够顺利运转的中国公民表示感谢。// 我很荣幸能有机会代表美国在北京参加奥运会开幕式。我期待着为我们的运动员摇旗助威。大使先生,我不会对奖牌数字作任何预测,但是我可以告诉你们,美国运动员已经作好准备,本着友谊的精神参加竞赛。大家知道,在上次访问中国的时候,我有机会在新建的车道上练习山地自行车。我对自己的努力感到十分自豪,我对劳拉说,我在考虑亲自参加奥运比赛。她提醒我说,他们不会给比赛的最后一名颁发任何奖章。// 今晚,奥林匹克的火炬将点燃这个具有辉煌历史的文明古国。数千年前,中国人民就发明了共同的文字,统一了一个伟大的国家。中国当时成为艺术与文学、商业与哲学的中心。中国推动了医学、天文学、航海学、工程学及许多其他领域的发展。据说中国人还发明了降落伞——这是一项使第41位美国总统十分感激的发明。// 我们共同见证了悠久的历史。就在我们刚赢得独立后的第二年,第一艘美国轮船驶抵中国。第二次世界大战期间,美国人和中国人并肩战斗,把这片土地从日本帝国的统治下解放出来。基辛格博士,尼克松总统当年来到北京开辟两国对话的新纪元,我们对此都记忆犹新。您自己可能也记得这件事吧。// 今天,美国与中国已建立起植根于共同利益的牢固关系。中国已实行经济开放,并开始发挥出中国人民的进取精神。美国将继续支持中国在自由经济的道路上前进。我们还在防治流行性疾病和抗击自然灾害方面进行合作 通过六方会谈,我们共同致力于确保朝鲜半岛无核化。// 我们两国之间的关系是具有建设性、合作而坦诚的。在我们各自承担的全球责任方面,我们将继续坦诚相见我们必须共同努力保护环境并帮助发展中国家的人民;继续坦率地表明我们的信念——既每一个人都应该享有发表言论和宗教信仰的自由。我们深信,允许自由表达思想的社会往往最繁荣也最和平。// 坦率是最有效的,它在建立起尊重与信任关系的国家之间最为有效。我一直努力建立这种尊重与信任。我向努力建立这种尊重与信任的中国领导人表示感谢。我也向今天在场的使馆人员致谢,你们正在做着同样的努力。在这里工作的人为国效力,做出了奉献。为美国效力是一项崇高的工作。我希望你们感到这是一项有所收获的工作。很荣幸与各位相聚。我为有幸主持这座大使馆的新馆开馆仪式而心存感激。我期待着去看奥运比赛。上帝保佑。// (节选自美国前总统在美国驻中国大使馆新馆开馆仪式上的讲话)
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