《论语》汉译英第2章:学而篇(3)、学而篇(4)
发布时间:2020-09-22
为了帮助广大考生顺利通过口译笔译考试,51题库考试学习网为大家分享了一些双语阅读相关内容,希望大家每天坚持练习,积极备考。
(一)子曰:“道之以政,齊之以刑,民免而無恥;道之以德,齊之以禮,有恥且格。”
The Master said, "If the people be led
by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try
to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue,
and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will
have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good."
【原文】
子曰:“道之以政①,齐之以刑②,民免而无耻③;道之以德④,齐之以家,有耻且格⑤。”
【今译】
孔子说:“用法律命令来引导人民,用刑法来整齐统治人民,人民可以被动遵守而避免犯罪,但不知道廉耻是非。用道德教导人民,用礼教来整齐感化他们,人民不但懂得廉洁是非,而且从心里归服。”
【注释】
①道:同“导”,引导,教导。政:政策法令。②齐:整齐,统一,整治。刑:刑法,刑罚。③免:避免。无耻:不懂的为什么会耻辱,即不会明辨是非。④且:而且。⑤格:此处作“归服”讲。《礼记•缁衣》有“夫民,教之以德,齐心以礼,则民有格心;教之以政,齐之以刑,则民有遁心”。“格心”与“遁心”相对成文,一归服,一逃遁。
【评点】
孔子“道之以德”主张,构成了他的“德治”理论。“德治”是中国古代治理国家的基本方略,孔子和儒家是“德治”的倡导者。孔子的“德治”思想有很大的优点,就是特别重视民心向背对于国家治理的根本作用。怎样才能赢得民心,获得百姓的真心拥戴呢?孔子认为光靠严刑峻法是做不到的,那只能使百姓害怕,却不能使百姓从内心里拥戴你。要真正获得百姓拥护,必须靠“德治”,即所谓“以德取心”、“以德服人。”
儒家的治国论始终具有泛道德主义色彩,其弊病是往往把道德问题政治化和忽视法律建设,其优点是对领导集团有一种全社会的道德舆论监督,能使道德水平低的为政者树立不起光辉的形象。
(二) 子曰:“吾十有五而志于學,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳順,七十而從心所欲,不踰矩。”
The Master said, "At fifteen, I had my mind
bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty,
I knew the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the
reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without
transgressing what was right."
【原文】
子曰:“吾十有五而志于学①,三十而立②,四十而不惑,五十而知天命③,六十而耳顺④,七十而从心所欲⑤,不逾矩。”
【今译】
孔子说:“我十五岁立志学习,三十岁在社会上站稳脚跟,四十岁遇事不迷惑,五十岁懂得“礼”,已具有对于社会的变化和人生的道路的应变能力,六十岁听人谈话能明辨是非,七十岁顺从心里所想的去做,不会越出规矩了。”
【注释】
①有(yòu):同“又”,“十有五”即“十五”。②立:有自立,成立等意思,引申为说话做事有独立见解,能立足于社会。③知天命:简言之,谓之“知礼”;细言之,则是指对社会变化和人生道路的应变能力。④耳顺:听人谈话能明辨是非,能谛听逆耳之言。⑤从:随。逾(yú):超越。矩:规矩。
【评点】
本章是孔子自述70岁以前的人生规迹,有求学,立身、明道的回顾。写出精神境界提升的过程:从不自觉到自觉、从必然到自由,循序发展的过程。
“五十而知天命”的“知天命”,简言之,谓之“知礼”;细言之,则是指对于社会的认识和体察,对于社会变化和人生道路的应变能力。获得这种自觉意识,便可闻事物而“耳顺”,处事而“随心所欲,不逾矩”。那种完全从宗教神学观念或机械论出发,把孔子的“天命观”等同于“宿命论”的看法,以及把它解释为“自然发展规律”,都不免偏颇,都缺乏全面、动态的分析。孔子这种“知天命”思想,在中国古代反映着人类理性和智慧的觉醒,标志着我们的祖先认识自然和社会的能力发展到新的历史阶段。孔子倡导积极的人生态度,主张一生学习并无愧地为社稷江山贡献一切。这种少有所学,长有所立、壮有所成,老有所为的思想,早已成为中华民族的传统和代代相勉的格言。
这篇总结性自述昭示人们:①“志”最为要紧,立定志向,脚踏实地去做,才能成功。②孔子告诉人们,自己并不是天生圣人,自己的知识是学而知之。③十年树木,百年树人,树人的过程就是一个学习的过程。活到老,学到老,人的素质才能不断提高,才能不断完善自我,求得发展。2555年前的孔子,给我们树立了“终身”进德修业的榜样。
看到这里小伙伴们是否有所收获呢?希望51题库考试学习网为大家分享的内容能给大家带来帮助,后续也可以多关注51题库考试学习网,这里有更多的考试资讯,你想知道的都在这!
下面小编为大家准备了 口译笔译 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
没有人可以否认,几百万的私人小企业大大地推动了国家的经济。
No one can deny that millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nation's economy.
Thank you, sir. Thank you, Mr. President. It is quite an honor to be introduced by your dad. This has got to be a historic moment: father and son, two Presidents, opening up an embassy. I suspect it's the first, although I must confess I haven't done a lot of research into the itinerary of the Adams boys. //
My dad was a fabulous President. And I tell people one reason why was not only did he know what he was doing, he was a fabulous father. Mr. Ambassador, honored guests, Laura and I, and my brother and my sister, are proud to be here with our dad as we open and dedicate this new embassy. No doubt this is an impressive complex. To me it speaks of the importance of our relations with China. It reflects the solid foundation underpinning our relations. It is a commitment to strengthen that foundation for years to come. //
I thank all those who designed and built the embassy, and all those who work here to advance the interests and values of our great nation. Dad and I are honored that Counselor Dai has joined us; and Minister Xie; Ambassador Zhou—who, by the way, opened a new Chinese embassy in Washington, D. C. , designed by I. M. Pei a couple weeks ago. We appreciate our friend Anne Johnson being here, he is the Director of the Art in Embassies Program. Dr. Kissinger, thanks for coming. //
It takes a special band to open the embassy—out of West Texas—Odessa, Texas, for that matter, the Gatlin boys are with us today. I thank the Red Poppies, thank you for your talent. And finally, I want to pay tribute to Sandy Randt, who has done a fabulous job as our Ambassador to China. Sandy, thank you and We're proud to be here with those citizens of ours who work at the embassies, and we say thanks to the Chinese nationals who make our embassy go, as well. //
I'm honored to represent the United States at the Opening Ceremonies of the Olympic Games here in Beijing. And I'm looking forward to cheering our athletes on. Mr. Ambassador, I'm not making any predictions about medal counts, but I can tell you the U.S. athletes are ready to come and compete, in the spirit of friendship. You know, during my last visit here I had the opportunity to break in the mountain biking course. I was so proud of my efforts, I told Laura I was thinking about entering the competition myself. She reminded me they don't give any medals for last place. //
Tonight the Olympic torch will light the home of an ancient civilization with a grand history. Thousands of years ago, the Chinese people developed a common language and unified a great nation. China became the center for art and literature, commerce and philosophy. China advanced the frontiers of knowledge in medicine, astronomy, navigation, engineering, and many other fields. And the Chinese are even said to have invented the parachute—something for which the 41st President is very grateful. //
We share a long history. The first American ship arrived in China just after the year we won our independence. World War Ⅱ, Americans and Chinese fought side by side to liberate this land from Imperial Japan. We all remember very clearly, Dr. K, when President Nixon came to Beijing to begin a new era of dialogue between our nations. You might remember that yourself. //
Today the United States and China have built a strong relationship, rooted in common interests. China has opened its economy and begun to unleash the entrepreneurial spirit of its people. America will continue to support China on the path toward a free economy. We're also cooperating to fight pandemic diseases and respond to natural disasters. And through the Six-Party Talks, we're working together to ensure that the Korean Peninsula is free of nuclear weapons. //
The relationship between our nations is constructive and cooperative and candid. We'll continue to be candid about our mutual global responsibilities. We
谢谢您,先生。谢谢,总统先生。让自己的父亲给自己做介绍是件非常荣幸的事。这一定是个历史性时刻:父亲和儿子,两位总统,为大使馆主持开馆仪式,我想这是头一遭,当然,我得承认我对亚当斯父子的游记没有进行过大量研究。// 我父亲是一位了不起的总统。我对人讲,其中一个原因是他不仅是位好总统,而且还是一位了不起的父亲。大使先生,贵宾们,劳拉和我、我的弟弟和妹妹,都为能够同父亲一道在这里主持这座新使馆启用仪式感到自豪毫无疑问,这座新馆令人赞叹。对我来说,它表明了我们与中国关系的重要性,它反映了我们的关系建立在坚实牢固的基础之上,它是在未来许多年里加强这一基础的承诺。// 我感谢所有参与设计和建造这座使馆的人员以及所有在这里为推进我们伟大祖国的利益和价值观而努力工作的人。父亲和我对戴秉国国务委员、谢部长和周大使的光临感到荣幸。顺便说一句,一个多星期前周大使在华盛顿特区主持了由贝聿铭设计的中国大使馆新馆开馆仪式。感谢我们的朋友、使馆项目艺术部主任安妮?约翰逊出席仪式。感谢基辛格博士,谢谢您光临。// 庆祝大使馆开馆要有一支特殊的乐队才行——来自得克萨斯州西部奥德萨的加特林兄弟今天就在这里。我感谢红罂粟,感谢你们的天才演出。最后,我要向业绩不凡的我国驻中国大使桑迪?雷德致敬。桑迪,谢谢您,还有我们为能与在大使馆工作的我国公民在一起而感到自豪,我们也向使我国使馆能够顺利运转的中国公民表示感谢。// 我很荣幸能有机会代表美国在北京参加奥运会开幕式。我期待着为我们的运动员摇旗助威。大使先生,我不会对奖牌数字作任何预测,但是我可以告诉你们,美国运动员已经作好准备,本着友谊的精神参加竞赛。大家知道,在上次访问中国的时候,我有机会在新建的车道上练习山地自行车。我对自己的努力感到十分自豪,我对劳拉说,我在考虑亲自参加奥运比赛。她提醒我说,他们不会给比赛的最后一名颁发任何奖章。// 今晚,奥林匹克的火炬将点燃这个具有辉煌历史的文明古国。数千年前,中国人民就发明了共同的文字,统一了一个伟大的国家。中国当时成为艺术与文学、商业与哲学的中心。中国推动了医学、天文学、航海学、工程学及许多其他领域的发展。据说中国人还发明了降落伞——这是一项使第41位美国总统十分感激的发明。// 我们共同见证了悠久的历史。就在我们刚赢得独立后的第二年,第一艘美国轮船驶抵中国。第二次世界大战期间,美国人和中国人并肩战斗,把这片土地从日本帝国的统治下解放出来。基辛格博士,尼克松总统当年来到北京开辟两国对话的新纪元,我们对此都记忆犹新。您自己可能也记得这件事吧。// 今天,美国与中国已建立起植根于共同利益的牢固关系。中国已实行经济开放,并开始发挥出中国人民的进取精神。美国将继续支持中国在自由经济的道路上前进。我们还在防治流行性疾病和抗击自然灾害方面进行合作 通过六方会谈,我们共同致力于确保朝鲜半岛无核化。// 我们两国之间的关系是具有建设性、合作而坦诚的。在我们各自承担的全球责任方面,我们将继续坦诚相见我们必须共同努力保护环境并帮助发展中国家的人民;继续坦率地表明我们的信念——既每一个人都应该享有发表言论和宗教信仰的自由。我们深信,允许自由表达思想的社会往往最繁荣也最和平。// 坦率是最有效的,它在建立起尊重与信任关系的国家之间最为有效。我一直努力建立这种尊重与信任。我向努力建立这种尊重与信任的中国领导人表示感谢。我也向今天在场的使馆人员致谢,你们正在做着同样的努力。在这里工作的人为国效力,做出了奉献。为美国效力是一项崇高的工作。我希望你们感到这是一项有所收获的工作。很荣幸与各位相聚。我为有幸主持这座大使馆的新馆开馆仪式而心存感激。我期待着去看奥运比赛。上帝保佑。// (节选自美国前总统在美国驻中国大使馆新馆开馆仪式上的讲话)
他们立刻出动去追击敌人。
They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.
Gypsies are often treated with disapproval, lack of trust, and lack of understanding because their way of life is so different from the way most other British people live.
吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同,所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然,很不信任,而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。
声明:本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献自行上传,本网站不拥有所有权,未作人工编辑处理,也不承担相关法律责任。如果您发现有涉嫌版权的内容,欢迎发送邮件至:contact@51tk.com 进行举报,并提供相关证据,工作人员会在5个工作日内联系你,一经查实,本站将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。
- 2020-09-16
- 2019-01-16
- 2020-09-16
- 2020-09-24
- 2020-09-22
- 2020-09-16
- 2019-03-03
- 2020-09-16
- 2019-03-03
- 2020-09-22
- 2020-09-23
- 2020-09-16
- 2020-09-22
- 2019-03-03
- 2019-03-03
- 2020-09-22
- 2020-09-16
- 2019-01-16
- 2019-03-03
- 2019-03-03
- 2019-03-03
- 2020-09-24
- 2020-09-23
- 2019-03-03
- 2019-03-03
- 2019-03-03
- 2019-03-03
- 2020-09-22
- 2020-09-16
- 2020-09-16