2021年 内蒙古 职称英语(理工)如何报名
发布时间:2021-10-04
2021年 内蒙古 职称英语(理工)如何报名
下面小编为大家准备了 职称英语(理工) 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
共用题干
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)will soon be extinct(灭绝).If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地)destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy(悲剧).Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications(含意)for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.
2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组)match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority(优先).But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
3 The chimpanzees' trump card(王牌)comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医)often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.
4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.
5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到)the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion(改变)of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)will soon be extinct(灭绝).If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地)destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy(悲剧).Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications(含意)for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.
2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组)match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority(优先).But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
3 The chimpanzees' trump card(王牌)comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医)often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.
4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.
5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到)the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion(改变)of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
There is a difference of less than 2%between the chimp and______.
A: some human disease treatments
B: some diseases
C: human survival
D: human genomes
E: key areas
F: healthier lifestyle
A: some human disease treatments
B: some diseases
C: human survival
D: human genomes
E: key areas
F: healthier lifestyle
答案:D
解析:
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”,除此以外,还有一个词extinct或extinction也可能是该段主题词,因为这个段落只有四个句子,而其中有两个句子分别含有extinct和extinction。备选项中选项B同时包含了这个词,而且选项B中的其他实义词implications , humans也在该段中出现了,因此B可能是答案。该段的主题句是段落最后一句,该句是个观点句,意为“黑猩猩的灭绝也可能对它们的远亲——人类的生存有着深远的意义”。这与选项B的意义一致:选项B意为“黑猩猩的灭绝对于人类的意义”,由此可以进一步确认答案为B。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”,除此以外,还有一个词humans也可能是该段主题词,因为这个段落只有六个句子,而其中有三个句子都含有human。既含有human又含有chimpanzee(即chimp)的选项是D项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的相似性”和F项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的不同之处”,因此推测答案可能来自这两个选项(提示:备选项中如果出现了有关系的选项,如:正反意义项,意义相近项,结构相似项,则这些有关系的选项中通常会出现答案选项)。这两个选项的不同之处在于一个说相似,一个说不同。因此关注段落中主要谈的是相似还是不同。很容易在段落中注意到这样的结构:hu-man and chimpanzee genomes(基因组)match by over 98%“人和黑猩猩的基因组相似度达到 98%以上”,chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than…“黑猩猩比……更像人”,re-sembling us genetically“在遗传上与我们相似”,由此可知该段主要谈人和黑猩猩在遗传上的相似性,因此该题答案为D。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”,但是依据该词并不能判断出答案。段落中出现了一个转折句(段落第三句),该句意为“然而,黑猩猩的确在几个重要的领域中呈现出不同”。(提示:段首处及段尾处出现的转折句可能就是该段主题句)该句意思与F项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的不同之处”在意义呼应,因此F可能是答案。从该段主要内容来看,段落第二句提到黑猩猩与人类相似,甚至兽医为它们治疗时常常会参考人类的医学书籍,接下来用转折词yet (然而)话锋一转,对比性地提出该段的主题:黑猩猩和人确实有重要的不同之处。提出这个主题(也是该段的观点)之后,接下来对黑猩猩和人之间的不同进行了举例论证。接下来的句子提到“黑猩猩对许多重大疾病更具有抵杭力”,由此可进一步判断出该题答案为F。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词AIDS“艾滋病”,选项C中含有 AIDS,但是选项C中的其他实义词effective“有效的”, treatment“治疗”没有在该段中直接地及间接地出现,因此选项C成为答案的可能性较小。其实该段中还有一个段落主题词resist-ance“抵杭力”或resistant“有抵抗力的”,选项A和选项E分别含有这两个词中的一个,因此这两个选项中可能出现答案选项。选项A意为“对艾滋病病毒有抵杭力的原因”,选项E意为 “黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒的抵抗力”。从该段主要内容来看,该段第一句提到黑猩程对艾滋病病毒有更强的抵抗力,该段第二句(也是最后一句)说明因为黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒有很强的抵抗力,因此现在在艾滋病的研究实验中已经减少了对黑猩猩的使用。可见该段主要谈及的是黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒的抵杭力,因此答案为E。
题干意为“黑猩猩的灭绝可能会影响……”。利用题干中的细节信息短语chimpanzee extinction“黑猩猩灭绝”作为定位线索,这样在第一段找到相关句:Chim-panzees will soon be extinct.If the present rate of hunting and habitat destruction continues, then within 20 years,there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy. Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.相关句为第一段最后一句,该句意为“黑猩猩的灭绝也可能对它们的远亲——人类的生存有着深远的意义”。这表明黑猩猩的灭绝可能会对人类的生存产生影响,因此答案为C项“人类的生存”。
题干意为“在黑猩猩与……之间有不到2%的差异”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语difference“差异”,less than 2%作为定位线索,这样在第二段找到相关句:In 1975 the biologists Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and ehimparizee genomes match(与difference呼应)by over 98%(与低于2%呼应). Compare this to the mouse,used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact,chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other spe-cies of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent pri-ority. But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.相关句(第二段第一句)意为“1975年,生物学家Marie-Claire King和Allan Wilson发现人和黑猩猩的基因组匹配度达到了98%以上”,这意味着人和黑猩猩基因组之间的差异不到2%,因此答案为D项“人的基因组”。
题干意为“科学家们猜想基因在预防黑猩猩患……(疾病)方面起着显著的作用”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语scientists , genes , significant role作为定位线索,这样在第五段找到相关句:By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到)the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code(与gene呼应)gives chimps their increased re-sistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the produc-tion of new drugs or even the alteration of the human genetic sequence. The recently comple-ted human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.相关句(第五段第一句)意为“通过对黑猩猩的基因组测序并找到黑猩猩的DNA序列与人类的DNA序列不同之处,科学家们希望能够发现哪部分遗传代码增强了黑猩猩抵御一些疾病的能力”,由此判断出B项“一些疾病”是答案。
题干意为“发现黑猩猩的遗传代码将有助于……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语discovery, genetic code作为定位线索,这样在第五段找到相关句:By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”,除此以外,还有一个词humans也可能是该段主题词,因为这个段落只有六个句子,而其中有三个句子都含有human。既含有human又含有chimpanzee(即chimp)的选项是D项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的相似性”和F项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的不同之处”,因此推测答案可能来自这两个选项(提示:备选项中如果出现了有关系的选项,如:正反意义项,意义相近项,结构相似项,则这些有关系的选项中通常会出现答案选项)。这两个选项的不同之处在于一个说相似,一个说不同。因此关注段落中主要谈的是相似还是不同。很容易在段落中注意到这样的结构:hu-man and chimpanzee genomes(基因组)match by over 98%“人和黑猩猩的基因组相似度达到 98%以上”,chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than…“黑猩猩比……更像人”,re-sembling us genetically“在遗传上与我们相似”,由此可知该段主要谈人和黑猩猩在遗传上的相似性,因此该题答案为D。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”,但是依据该词并不能判断出答案。段落中出现了一个转折句(段落第三句),该句意为“然而,黑猩猩的确在几个重要的领域中呈现出不同”。(提示:段首处及段尾处出现的转折句可能就是该段主题句)该句意思与F项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的不同之处”在意义呼应,因此F可能是答案。从该段主要内容来看,段落第二句提到黑猩猩与人类相似,甚至兽医为它们治疗时常常会参考人类的医学书籍,接下来用转折词yet (然而)话锋一转,对比性地提出该段的主题:黑猩猩和人确实有重要的不同之处。提出这个主题(也是该段的观点)之后,接下来对黑猩猩和人之间的不同进行了举例论证。接下来的句子提到“黑猩猩对许多重大疾病更具有抵杭力”,由此可进一步判断出该题答案为F。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词AIDS“艾滋病”,选项C中含有 AIDS,但是选项C中的其他实义词effective“有效的”, treatment“治疗”没有在该段中直接地及间接地出现,因此选项C成为答案的可能性较小。其实该段中还有一个段落主题词resist-ance“抵杭力”或resistant“有抵抗力的”,选项A和选项E分别含有这两个词中的一个,因此这两个选项中可能出现答案选项。选项A意为“对艾滋病病毒有抵杭力的原因”,选项E意为 “黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒的抵抗力”。从该段主要内容来看,该段第一句提到黑猩程对艾滋病病毒有更强的抵抗力,该段第二句(也是最后一句)说明因为黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒有很强的抵抗力,因此现在在艾滋病的研究实验中已经减少了对黑猩猩的使用。可见该段主要谈及的是黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒的抵杭力,因此答案为E。
题干意为“黑猩猩的灭绝可能会影响……”。利用题干中的细节信息短语chimpanzee extinction“黑猩猩灭绝”作为定位线索,这样在第一段找到相关句:Chim-panzees will soon be extinct.If the present rate of hunting and habitat destruction continues, then within 20 years,there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy. Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.相关句为第一段最后一句,该句意为“黑猩猩的灭绝也可能对它们的远亲——人类的生存有着深远的意义”。这表明黑猩猩的灭绝可能会对人类的生存产生影响,因此答案为C项“人类的生存”。
题干意为“在黑猩猩与……之间有不到2%的差异”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语difference“差异”,less than 2%作为定位线索,这样在第二段找到相关句:In 1975 the biologists Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and ehimparizee genomes match(与difference呼应)by over 98%(与低于2%呼应). Compare this to the mouse,used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact,chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other spe-cies of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent pri-ority. But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.相关句(第二段第一句)意为“1975年,生物学家Marie-Claire King和Allan Wilson发现人和黑猩猩的基因组匹配度达到了98%以上”,这意味着人和黑猩猩基因组之间的差异不到2%,因此答案为D项“人的基因组”。
题干意为“科学家们猜想基因在预防黑猩猩患……(疾病)方面起着显著的作用”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语scientists , genes , significant role作为定位线索,这样在第五段找到相关句:By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到)the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code(与gene呼应)gives chimps their increased re-sistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the produc-tion of new drugs or even the alteration of the human genetic sequence. The recently comple-ted human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.相关句(第五段第一句)意为“通过对黑猩猩的基因组测序并找到黑猩猩的DNA序列与人类的DNA序列不同之处,科学家们希望能够发现哪部分遗传代码增强了黑猩猩抵御一些疾病的能力”,由此判断出B项“一些疾病”是答案。
题干意为“发现黑猩猩的遗传代码将有助于……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语discovery, genetic code作为定位线索,这样在第五段找到相关句:By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased
共用题干
Chinese Dialects(方言)
The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B.C.,and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷).Of the 600 million people,all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking,for example,is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German.
There is,to be sure,only one written language for all China,but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects.Moreover,it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.
As a result,most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces.Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传)machine,the present government is putting everything it has into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的)that the results cannot yet be predicted.
At the heart of the problem is the dialects.The dialects prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics.Instead,the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound,and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years.When this system is applied to a whole language,it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.
There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate,a Chinese must learn 6,000;to be moderately educated,12,000.An English-speaking child,having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet,has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade.A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning;in the seventh grade,he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.
Chinese Dialects(方言)
The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B.C.,and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷).Of the 600 million people,all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking,for example,is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German.
There is,to be sure,only one written language for all China,but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects.Moreover,it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.
As a result,most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces.Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传)machine,the present government is putting everything it has into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的)that the results cannot yet be predicted.
At the heart of the problem is the dialects.The dialects prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics.Instead,the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound,and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years.When this system is applied to a whole language,it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.
There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate,a Chinese must learn 6,000;to be moderately educated,12,000.An English-speaking child,having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet,has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade.A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning;in the seventh grade,he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.
When a Chinese and an English-speaking child learn their own language,the biggest difference lies in the fact that______.
A:China failed to develop a single written language based on phonetics
B:a Chinese child is supposed to learn much more words than his English speaking counterpart
C:enormous differences in Chinese dialects
D:the Chinese language system has no relation to sound
E:educate more people to learn the same language
F: there is only a small part of the population who understand the large number of symbols
A:China failed to develop a single written language based on phonetics
B:a Chinese child is supposed to learn much more words than his English speaking counterpart
C:enormous differences in Chinese dialects
D:the Chinese language system has no relation to sound
E:educate more people to learn the same language
F: there is only a small part of the population who understand the large number of symbols
答案:B
解析:
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲中国方言之间有巨大的差异,第一句话就是本段的主题句。另外,该段还举出北京话与广东话之间差别的例子。故选D。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握以及抽象概括能力。本段谈到语言问题阻碍了思想与经济的交流,历朝政府都想解决这一问题。当前政府已经认识到解决语言问题的重要性,投入全力来对付。所以,该段的主题是tackling the language problem,.tackling的意思就是选项A的dealing with,故选A。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段讲到关键问题是方言,方言使单一的书面语无法同读音相联系,中国人只好创立了一套与发音无关的系统,这造成了繁多的字符。可见问题的核心是方言。故选E。
本题考查的同样是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段讲汉字繁多,难于掌握,对比了中国孩子与讲英语的孩子学习阅读的进度,反衬出汉语之难学。故选B。
本题考查的是对文章的主旨与细节的了解。本题答案的依据在第一段的第一句话。该句说这个国家(中国)之所以长期贫穷,一个重要原因是中国各地方言差别太大 ( the enormous differences in Chinese dialects)。故选C。
本题考查的是对文章的主旨与细节的了解。本题答案的依据在第四段的第二句。在作者看来,方言的繁多使中国不能发展出一套以音节为基础的单一书面语,故选A。
本题考查的是对文章的主旨与细节的了解。本题答案的依据在第四段的二、三、四句。正因为中国不能发展出一套以音节为基础的单一书面语,语言系统与发音无关,这就势必造成大量字符的出现。最后一句话中的results in就是“导致”的意思。倒数第二句则说明了原因。故选D。
本题考查的是对文章的主旨与细节的了解以及抽象概括能力。本题与上面的第26题有联系,答案的依据在最后一段。该段举出中外儿童学习阅读的进度对比的例子,所给数据显示,中国孩子在学习母语时要比外国孩子掌握更多的生词。这就是作者认为的二者的不同之处。故选B。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握以及抽象概括能力。本段谈到语言问题阻碍了思想与经济的交流,历朝政府都想解决这一问题。当前政府已经认识到解决语言问题的重要性,投入全力来对付。所以,该段的主题是tackling the language problem,.tackling的意思就是选项A的dealing with,故选A。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段讲到关键问题是方言,方言使单一的书面语无法同读音相联系,中国人只好创立了一套与发音无关的系统,这造成了繁多的字符。可见问题的核心是方言。故选E。
本题考查的同样是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段讲汉字繁多,难于掌握,对比了中国孩子与讲英语的孩子学习阅读的进度,反衬出汉语之难学。故选B。
本题考查的是对文章的主旨与细节的了解。本题答案的依据在第一段的第一句话。该句说这个国家(中国)之所以长期贫穷,一个重要原因是中国各地方言差别太大 ( the enormous differences in Chinese dialects)。故选C。
本题考查的是对文章的主旨与细节的了解。本题答案的依据在第四段的第二句。在作者看来,方言的繁多使中国不能发展出一套以音节为基础的单一书面语,故选A。
本题考查的是对文章的主旨与细节的了解。本题答案的依据在第四段的二、三、四句。正因为中国不能发展出一套以音节为基础的单一书面语,语言系统与发音无关,这就势必造成大量字符的出现。最后一句话中的results in就是“导致”的意思。倒数第二句则说明了原因。故选D。
本题考查的是对文章的主旨与细节的了解以及抽象概括能力。本题与上面的第26题有联系,答案的依据在最后一段。该段举出中外儿童学习阅读的进度对比的例子,所给数据显示,中国孩子在学习母语时要比外国孩子掌握更多的生词。这就是作者认为的二者的不同之处。故选B。
共用题干
The Fridge
1.The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the l960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:"Store in the refrigerator."
2.In my fridgeless fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,the grocer,the butcher,the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food.Thirty years on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
3.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed一natural cooling,drying,smoking,slating, sugaring,bottling…
4.What refrigeration did promote was marketing一marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
5.Consequently,most of the world's fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously,and at vast expanse,busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially一heated house一while outside,nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
6.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me,try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you'll get ride of that terrible hum.
The Fridge
1.The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the l960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:"Store in the refrigerator."
2.In my fridgeless fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,the grocer,the butcher,the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food.Thirty years on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
3.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed一natural cooling,drying,smoking,slating, sugaring,bottling…
4.What refrigeration did promote was marketing一marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
5.Consequently,most of the world's fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously,and at vast expanse,busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially一heated house一while outside,nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
6.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me,try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you'll get ride of that terrible hum.
Paragraph 6_______
A:The invention of the fridge.
B:The pollution caused by fridges.
C:The widespread need for fridge.
D:The days without the fridge.
E:The waste of energy caused by fridges.
F: The fridge's contribution to commerce.
A:The invention of the fridge.
B:The pollution caused by fridges.
C:The widespread need for fridge.
D:The days without the fridge.
E:The waste of energy caused by fridges.
F: The fridge's contribution to commerce.
答案:B
解析:
段首句是观点句,该句说“在我的童年时期还没有冰箱,但是我吃得很好、很健康”,接着提到了“送奶工每天送奶,食品商等每周送两三次货”,在该段最后一句中提到“30年过去了,供货者已经不再送食物(上门)了……”,结合语境不难推断该段中前面部分的主要内容是有关“没有冰箱”时生活情况的描述,因此判断D项没有冰箱的日子是答案。
段首句是观点句,该句说“冰箱促进了市场梢售“,而“marketing(市场销售)”这个词也是在段落中反复出现,因此判断选项中应该出现与该词相呼应的词或内容,因此判断F项commerce (贸易)与marketing( 销售)呼应,是答案。
该段段首句很长,但是注意到段首句中出现了由转折词but所引导的转折句(段首句、段末句中的转折分句处的句意往往很可能是段落的主题句),该部分内容说“但是世界上绝大多数的冰箱被发现是用在那些天气温暖、富有的国家里,这些国家从气候上说几乎不必使用冰箱”,借助这部分内容判断E项由冰箱所造成的能源浪费是答案的最佳选项。
段首句是观点句,该句说“冰箱对环境的影响一直是很显著的(借助常识和背景知识,我们能意识到这里所说‘对环境的影响,是指‘对环境的污染,),而冰箱给人类所带来的幸福却是微不足道的”,这个句子很明确地反映了作者的观点,对比剩下的被选项,判断B项冰箱所带来的污染是最佳的选项。
空格所在句子的基本时态(主句时态)是一般过去时,所以空格所在的结构(从句结构)应该是过去时态的一种,所以只有选项A、F可能是答案。由文章第二段第一、二句可知,在20世纪50年代,冰箱开始使用之前,牛奶、肉、蔬菜等食物都会被送上门,所以人们仍然可能获得新鲜的食物。A项最合适。
由第三段第一句可知,冰箱的发明并没有提供一种新型、经济的方法来保存食物,C项最合适。
空格前面部分的内容说“冰箱的发明所作出的一个重要的贡献是……”我们在解答概括大意题时,已经了解到“市场销售/贸易”是“冰箱的贡献”,对比剩下的选项,可判断B项冰箱促进了各种商品的梢售是正确答案。
空格前面部分的内容说“如果你停止使用冰箱,至少你不会被……噪音所影响”。由第五段第二句和第六段最后一句可知噪音是冰箱工作时产生的。由此下项是正确答案。
段首句是观点句,该句说“冰箱促进了市场梢售“,而“marketing(市场销售)”这个词也是在段落中反复出现,因此判断选项中应该出现与该词相呼应的词或内容,因此判断F项commerce (贸易)与marketing( 销售)呼应,是答案。
该段段首句很长,但是注意到段首句中出现了由转折词but所引导的转折句(段首句、段末句中的转折分句处的句意往往很可能是段落的主题句),该部分内容说“但是世界上绝大多数的冰箱被发现是用在那些天气温暖、富有的国家里,这些国家从气候上说几乎不必使用冰箱”,借助这部分内容判断E项由冰箱所造成的能源浪费是答案的最佳选项。
段首句是观点句,该句说“冰箱对环境的影响一直是很显著的(借助常识和背景知识,我们能意识到这里所说‘对环境的影响,是指‘对环境的污染,),而冰箱给人类所带来的幸福却是微不足道的”,这个句子很明确地反映了作者的观点,对比剩下的被选项,判断B项冰箱所带来的污染是最佳的选项。
空格所在句子的基本时态(主句时态)是一般过去时,所以空格所在的结构(从句结构)应该是过去时态的一种,所以只有选项A、F可能是答案。由文章第二段第一、二句可知,在20世纪50年代,冰箱开始使用之前,牛奶、肉、蔬菜等食物都会被送上门,所以人们仍然可能获得新鲜的食物。A项最合适。
由第三段第一句可知,冰箱的发明并没有提供一种新型、经济的方法来保存食物,C项最合适。
空格前面部分的内容说“冰箱的发明所作出的一个重要的贡献是……”我们在解答概括大意题时,已经了解到“市场销售/贸易”是“冰箱的贡献”,对比剩下的选项,可判断B项冰箱促进了各种商品的梢售是正确答案。
空格前面部分的内容说“如果你停止使用冰箱,至少你不会被……噪音所影响”。由第五段第二句和第六段最后一句可知噪音是冰箱工作时产生的。由此下项是正确答案。
共用题干
第二篇
Sharing Silence
Deaf teenagers Orlando Chavez and German Resendiz have been friends since kindergarten(幼儿园).
Together the boys,who go to Escondido Hight School in California,have had the difficult job of learning in
schools where the majority of?the students can speak and hear.
Orlando lost hearing at the age of one.cerman was born deaf,and his parents moved from Mexico to find
a school where he could learn sign language.He met Orlando on their first day of kindergarten.
"We were in a special class with about 25 other deaf kids,"German remembers."Before then,I didn't
know I was deaf and that I was different."
"Being young and deaf in regular classes was very hard,"signs Orlando,"The other kids didn't under-
stand us and we didn't understand them,But we'ye all grown up together,and today,I'm popular because
I'm deaf. Kids try hard to communicate with me.”
Some things are very difficult for the two boys."We can't talk on the phone,so if we need help,we
can't call an emergency service,"German signs."And we can't order food in drive-thru."
Despite their difficulties,the two boys have found work putting food in bags at a local supermarket. They
got their jobs through a"workability"program,designed for teenagers from local schools with different types of
learning disabilities.
German has worked in the supermarket since August,and Orlando started in November.
"The other people who work here have been very nice to us,"Orlando signs."They even sign some-
times.At first,we were nervous,but we'ye learned a lot and we're getting better."
The opportunity to earn money has been exciting,both boys sign.After high school。they hope to attend
the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in New York.
第二篇
Sharing Silence
Deaf teenagers Orlando Chavez and German Resendiz have been friends since kindergarten(幼儿园).
Together the boys,who go to Escondido Hight School in California,have had the difficult job of learning in
schools where the majority of?the students can speak and hear.
Orlando lost hearing at the age of one.cerman was born deaf,and his parents moved from Mexico to find
a school where he could learn sign language.He met Orlando on their first day of kindergarten.
"We were in a special class with about 25 other deaf kids,"German remembers."Before then,I didn't
know I was deaf and that I was different."
"Being young and deaf in regular classes was very hard,"signs Orlando,"The other kids didn't under-
stand us and we didn't understand them,But we'ye all grown up together,and today,I'm popular because
I'm deaf. Kids try hard to communicate with me.”
Some things are very difficult for the two boys."We can't talk on the phone,so if we need help,we
can't call an emergency service,"German signs."And we can't order food in drive-thru."
Despite their difficulties,the two boys have found work putting food in bags at a local supermarket. They
got their jobs through a"workability"program,designed for teenagers from local schools with different types of
learning disabilities.
German has worked in the supermarket since August,and Orlando started in November.
"The other people who work here have been very nice to us,"Orlando signs."They even sign some-
times.At first,we were nervous,but we'ye learned a lot and we're getting better."
The opportunity to earn money has been exciting,both boys sign.After high school。they hope to attend
the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in New York.
The word "emergency" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to______.
A:food
B:alarm
C:crisis
D:quick
A:food
B:alarm
C:crisis
D:quick
答案:C
解析:
根据短文开头部分可知他们从小就是朋友。
根据第五段最后一句可知答案。
根据第七段可知他们都在超市找到了工作。
emergency意为“紧急情况”,crisis意为“紧急关头”,两者意思相近。
文中最后一句提到,两个人都表示有机会赚钱是令人兴奋的。 第三篇 本文介绍了一项研究,该研究显示步行能健脑,经常运动可以使老年人更好地集中精力。
根据第五段最后一句可知答案。
根据第七段可知他们都在超市找到了工作。
emergency意为“紧急情况”,crisis意为“紧急关头”,两者意思相近。
文中最后一句提到,两个人都表示有机会赚钱是令人兴奋的。 第三篇 本文介绍了一项研究,该研究显示步行能健脑,经常运动可以使老年人更好地集中精力。
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