考前必看:2021年考研英语法学类阅读理解模拟题及答案(十九)
发布时间:2020-10-14
2021年考研初试备考还有最后的近三个月时间,相信大家也都在紧张的复习当中。在复习时,多做练习题可以让我们更加了解考试内容。下面,51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。
By almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental
prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully
intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for
the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the
controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as
14 as adults.
So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst
would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence
Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and
see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories——this time playing for the other team. “I think people misunderstand being
conservative for being biased,” says
Pfingst. “I consider myself a
pragmatic guy, and I have no
interest in putting innocent people in jail.”
Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys and
their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5,000. Then there\\'s the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D.A. will have indicted his shop.
But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or
prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingst\\'s team considers
convictions before 1993, when
the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has
been released. Of the 560 remaining files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still
claim innocence.
They have identified three so far. The most
compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing
in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop
of saliva on the victim\\'s shirt——too
small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results
are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits.
注(1)本文选自Time; 03/19/2001, Vol. 157 Issue 11, p62, 1p, 2c, 3bw
注(2)本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 1.
1. How did Pfingst carry out his own
Innocence Project?
[A]By getting rid of his bias against the
suspects.
[B]By revisiting the past victories.
[C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing
tools.
[D]By his cooperation with his attorneys.
2. Which of the following can be an
advantage of Innocence Project?
[A]To help correct the wrong judgments.
[B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors.
[C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward
situation.
[D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and
their jailed clients.
3. The expression “flabbergasted”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _______.
[A]excited
[B]competent
[C]embarrassed
[D]astounded
4. Why was Pfingst an unsentimental
prosecutor?
[A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old
suspect.
[B]He had no interest in putting the
innocent in jail.
[C]He supported the controversial
California law.
[D]He wanted to try suspect as young as
fourteen.
5. Which of the following is not true
according to the text?
[A]Pfingst‘s move didn’t have a
great coverage.
[B] Pfingst‘s move had both the positive and negative effect.
[C] Pfingst‘s move didn’t work
well.
[D]Pfingst‘s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners.
答案:CADBC
篇章剖析
本文采用的是记叙文的模式。第一段指出芬斯特作为一位铁面无私的检查官的一些做法;第二段指出芬斯特实施“清白计划”的打算及做法;第三段指出实施“清白计划”造成的反应以及可能存在的问题;第四段和第五段是实施“清白计划”的结果和影响。
词汇注释
prosecutor n.检察官
,检察员,起诉人,原告
controversial adj.争论的, 争议的
mandate v.批准制订一个训令,如通过法律;发布命令或要求:
wager v.下赌注,
保证
conviction n.定罪,
宣告有罪
unravel v. 阐明,
解决
flabbergast v.使大吃一惊, 哑然失色, 使目瞪口呆
indict v.起诉,
控告, 指控, 告发
bust v.破产或缺钱
oust v.剥夺,
取代, 驱逐
discard v.抛开;遗弃;废弃
molest v.骚乱,
困扰, 调戏
saliva n.口水,
唾液
难句突破
1.Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the
controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as
14 as adults.
主体句式:…Pfingst had
stood behind …
结构分析:Even before the
tragedy是本句的时间状语;主句是Pfingst had stood behind…;that 引导的宾语从句修饰law;在从句中,as…as是一词组,意思是“和…一样”;出现的第三个as是介词,意思是“作为”。
句子译文:甚至在这场悲剧发生之前芬斯特就支持加利福尼亚州的一项颇有争议的法律。这项法律规定,以成人身份受审的谋杀嫌疑犯的最低年龄可以降到十四岁。
题目分析
1.答案为C,属事实细节题。文中对应信息“Pfingst
told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if
any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools.”是对第二段第一句的补充说明。
2.答案为A,属推理判断题。从上下文我们可以得知,实施“清白计划”就是使用先进的DNA技术来重新审理过去的案件当中可能存在的冤案错案。
3.答案为D, 属猜词题。从第二段第一句话我们得知芬斯特可能是美国第一个实施非常独特的“清白计划”的人,因此他的做法很可能是令人感到吃惊的,从而可猜出该词的含义。
4.答案为B,属推理判断题。从第一段和第二段给出的事例我们可以看出,芬斯特不愿放过任何一个犯罪的人,即便他的年龄还不算大;他也不愿使无辜者蒙冤,即便案件已经审理。
5.答案为C,属推理判断题。正因为 “Pfingst‘s move
works well”,美国才又有“ten other
counties are starting DNA audits”,而且,“no
budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted”。
以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容,希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒:以上内容仅为参考,在做试题练习时,小伙伴们还是要以考研大纲为准,有针对性的去做题哦。最后,51题库考试学习网预祝参加2021年考研初试的小伙伴都能取得优异的成绩。
下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
A.逃税罪 B.拒不执行判决、裁定罪
C.污染环境罪 D.行贿罪
(1)认为规则是绝对的、固定不变的,是由权威给予的,而不能理解规则可以经过集体的协商来制定或改变;
(2)在评定是非时总是持极端态度,非好即坏;
(3)判断一个行为的好坏,是根据行为的后果而不是根据行为的动机;
(4)内在的公正,认为惩罚是天意,违反了规则就一定会受惩罚,而不管是否有人发现;
(5)单方面遵守权威,有一种遵守成人标准和服从成人规则的义务感。第三阶段:自律道德或道德主观论阶段。皮亚杰认为儿童大约在7~12岁期间进入道德主观论阶段,这个阶段的道德具有以下几个特点:
(1)儿童已认识到规则是由人们根据相互之间的协作而创造的,因而它是可以依照人们的愿望加以改变的。规则不再被当做存在于自身之外的强加的东西。
(2)判断行为时,不只是考虑行为的后果,还考虑行为的动机。
(3)与权威和同伴处于相互尊重的关系,儿童能较高地评价自己的观点和能力,并能较现实地判断他人。
(4)能把自己置于别人的地位,判断不再绝对化,看到可能存在的几种观点。
(5)提出的惩罚较温和,更为直接地针对所犯的错误,带有补偿性,而且把错误看做是对过失者的一种教训。达到自律性道德阶段的儿童,在游戏时不再受年长者的约束,能与同年龄儿童平等地参加游戏,彼此明白自己的立场与对方的立场,共同制定规则,遵守规则,独立举行游戏比赛。皮亚杰认为儿童道德发展的这些阶段的顺序是目定不变的,儿童的道德认识是从他律道德向自律道德转化的过程。他律道德阶段的儿童是根据外在的道德法则进行判断,他们只注意行动的外部结果,不考虑行为的动机,他们的是非标准取决于是否服从别人的命令或规定。这是一种受自身之外的价值标准所支配的道德判断。后期儿童的道德判断已能从客观动机出发,用平等或不平等、公道或不公道等新的标准来判断是非,这是一种为儿童自身已具有的主观的价值所支配的道德判断,属于自律水平的道德。皮亚杰认为只有达到了这个水平,儿童才算有了真正的道德。按皮亚杰的观点,儿童道德认识的发展主要受到儿童认知发展的水平和儿童与其他人的交往的影响。儿童道德认知的发展与儿童认知能力的发展是相对应、相平行的。在认知上处于感知运动阶段的儿童,在道德上都相应处于前道德阶段,同时前道德阶段包括了2~3岁的处于前运算认知阶段的儿童;在认知上处于前运算认知阶段的2~7岁儿童,在道德上都处于他律道德阶段;而在认知上处于具体运算阶段的儿童,在道德上多处于自律道德阶段。所以皮亚杰说,道德上的他律阶段与自律阶段间的差别,就相当于前运算思维阶段与具体运算思维阶段间的差别。皮亚杰的这个观点受到了有关实验的支持,有人发现守恒程度低的儿童在道德判断上也是低水平的,同时指出,道德要领和伦理价值观的教学和纯认知的教学一样,需要与儿童按照他现有的认知结构加以同化的东西相适合。
A.益母草 B.泽兰 C.郁金 D.虎杖
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